• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.269-273
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• 2004

본 연구는 노계육의 화염처리의 정도에 따른 육질 및 저장 특성의 변화를 구명하고자 수행하였다. 육질특성에서 hardness(경도)는 노계육의 가슴살에서 저장 1일에 화염처리를 하지 않는 처리구에서 4.72kg을 나타냈으며 중처리에서는 4.66kg, 강처리에서는 5.05kg으로 강처리구에서 가장 높게 나타났으나 저장기간이 경과할수록 오히려 강처리구에서 경도의 변화가 가장 크게 떨어져 저장 5일에 1.02kg까지 낮아졌다. 지방산패도(TBA)는 저장 5일에 최대로 증가하였으며 특히 화염처리 수준이 가장 높은 처리구(80PSI)에서 0.21mgMA/kg으로 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 단백질산패도(VBN)는 저장 5일에 화염처리하지 않는 처리구에서 4.94mg%를 나타냈고, 중 및 강처리구에서 각각 6.58, 6.57mg%으로 나타나 저장기간이 많을수록 화염처리수준이 증가할수록 값이 증가하는 경향을 나타냈었다. 총미생물 수에서 저장 3일에 화염처리하지 않는 구에서 $4.85Log_{10}\;CFU/cm^2$으로 나타났고, 화염처리 수준이 증가할수록 약간 감소하는 경향을 나타내어 강처리구에서 $4.55Log_{10}CFU/cm^2$수준을 나타냈다. 결과적으로 화염처리 수준이 증가할수록 육질의 경도, 지방산패도 및 단백질 변성도가 증가한 것으로 나타났고, 반면에 총 미생물 수는 저장기간이 경과할수록 낮아지는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.283-286
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• 2004

본 연구는 노계육의 화염처리 조건에 따른 pH, 드립발생, 육색, 도체특성 변화를 살펴보기 위하여 실시되었다. pH는 저장 3일에서도 화염 중처리와 강처리구에서 5.76, 5.96으로 무처리구보다 높은 경향을 나타냈으나, 저장 5일에서는 처리별 비슷한 경향을 나타냈다. 드립 발생율은 저장기간이 증가할수록 처리구와 상관없이 증가하는 경향을 나타냈으며, 저장 5일에 화염을 80PSI으로 처리한 구에서 0.55%으로 무처리보다 2.7배 정도 드립발생율이 저하되었다. 노계육의 황색도($b^{\ast}$)는 저장 1일의 가슴살 경우 화염처리를 하지 않는 구에서 6.07를 나타냈으며, 중처리 및 강처리로 높일수록 9.77, 11.77으로 점차 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 깃털유무는 화염처리 하지 않는 처리구에서 평균 5.7개를 나타냈으나 화염이 강도 80PSI로 증가하였을 때 2.3개로 현저히 저하되었다. 잔모는 화염을 처리하지 않는 처리구에서는 잔모가 약간 분포되어있는 수준이 55,6%이었으나 강처리구에서는 5.6%까지 저하되는것을 확인할 수 있었다. 종합적으로 판단하여 볼 때 노계육의 화염 처리는 80PSI 수준까지 올려도 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.505-513
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• 2010

The tribrachial flame has attracted interest as a basic structure of the flame edge. This flame structure helps understand stabilization of laminar flames and re-ignition of turbulent flames. A number of analytical and experimental studies have been carried out on the tribrachial flame. However, the effect of the variation of the flammability limits on the structure of the tribrachial flame has not been studied in detail. In this study, the effect of non-symmetric flammability limits on the flame structure was investigated by adopting a simple numerical scheme based on several laminar flame theories. A fixed velocity field was considered and boundary matching algorithm was used on the premixed branch. The variation of the diffusion branches under the non-symmetric flammability limits and heat loss was investigated. The formation and extinction of the diffusion branch behind the premixed branch were successfully described. This basic study can help understand the fundamental structure of the flame and can form the basis of subsequent detailed studies.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.271-276
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• 1989

Flame spreading over a hydrocarbon fuel surface has been investigated for liquid fuels such as kerosene and diesel, using thermocouple. Without forced convection, it was clearly found that the flame spreading was mainly controlled by the liquid fuel surface flow. Furthermore, the radiative heat transfer was dominant over a conductive heat transfer in kerosene. But in diesel the latter was found to be more influential than the former, when the direction of windflow was the same as that of flame spreading. The oscillation period and amplitude of the flame spreading velocity increase if the windflow is blowing in the direction of the flame spreading velocity, and decrease if the direction of windflow is blowing against the flame spreading direction.

• Korean Architects
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• no.6 s.66
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• pp.36-42
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• 1974

설계가 잘 되어있는 문은 사람이나 물건의 출입에 큰 지장을 주지않고 분리, 차음 및 안전등의 제기능을 충분히 발휘할 것이다. 화염이나 연기의 확산을 조지시키는 일은 안전상 가장 중요한 일 중의 하나이다. 건물의 여러곳에 위치한 문의 기능, 성능의 평가방법과 기준등은 전세계에서 논의의 대상이 되고 있다. 건물의 각부분은 내화구조구획에 의해 각각 분리될 수 있으며, 각 구획을 통하는 개구부는 화재시 자기의 기능을 충분히 발휘할 수 있는 문에 의해 차단될 수 있다. 첫째, 문은 그 문이 위치한 벽체에서 화재차단의 효과를 가져야 하며, 둘째, 피난통로의 안전을 조해하는 연소부산물이 침투하는 것을 방지하여야 한다. 그러므로 모든 방화문은, 건물에서 그 위치의 정도에 따라 연기와 화재의 확산을 막는 장벽으로서의 역할이 요구된다. 본 내용은 현재 논의되고 있는 상황에 대한 영국건축연구소의 연구보고서의 요약 소개이다.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.273-281
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• 2006

Singeing has always been equated with meat color alteration through lipid oxidation and microbial population. Singeing method has always been employed far removing duck feathers, however, the effect of singeing on storage characteristic of duck meat has not been investigated extensively. The study was therefore, designed to Investigate the effect of singeing on duck meat during storage extensively. For the purpose, study was categorized into three groups namely A, B, and C, representing 0, 50 and 70 seconds of singeing time. Singeing was performed on 100 birds in each group, however, only 20 singed birds from each treatment groups were further selected to analyse them subsequently during storage. Analysis revealed that with 70 seconds singeing time drip loss was significantly (p<0.05) higher at $6mgf/cm^2$ compared to 50 seconds of singeing. With 70 seconds treatment breast meat apparently appeared black, where as with 50 seconds treatment no change was observed. Breast showed low redness with more duration of treatment compared to less treatment duration. Yellowness increased, springiness declined and no change was observed in cohesiveness and chewiness with high treatment time. There was increase in the TBARS and VBN, freshness did not change for first 5 days, however, K values started to increase later on indicated decline in freshness. Conclusively, it was inferred from the study that 50 seconds singeing does not make much alternation in the quantitative traits and at the same time maintains the microbial level under permissible limit.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.491-498
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• 2007

Flame characteristics of a methane-air premixed flame stabilized in a heat-regenerative small combustor were investigated experimentally. A small combustor having two counter-current shallow channels and a combustion space at one side was developed. In which the channel-gap was less the ordinary quenching distance of a stoichiometric methane-air premixed flame. Two design parameters of channel gap and thickness of the middle wall, which is located between two channels for unburned and burned gases, were varied. Flame stabilization conditions and characteristic flame behaviors were experimentally examined. Conclusively, Blowout conditions were governed mostly by the scale of the combustion space, and flashback conditions into the channel are dominated by the channel gap. Surface temperatures of the combustor were between 100 to 500$^{\circ}C$. Additionally, two distinctive flame stabilization modes of radiation and well-stirred?reaction were observed and their applicability was discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.192-195
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• 2011

건축물의 밀집화로 인해 화재 확산으로 인한 피해를 막기 위한 연구는 꾸준히 진행되었다. 이에 방화구획이 도입 되었으며 이 중 방화문은 화염과 연기 전파를 차단하는 문의 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 목재 방화문에 사용되는 목재의 난연제 처리에 따른 난연 성능을 평가하였다. 실험 결과, $0.7kgf/cm^2$ 진공압력 내에서 30분간의 함침 처리를 통해 난연성능을 확보할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.239-249
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• 2022

Fire resistance performance and performance design of fire doors are becoming more important to prevent the spread of fire and support the rapid evacuation of apartment buildings. In this study, a database using 182 evacuation spaces and 308 common areas that passed the fire performance test was established, and fire door performance influencing factors were derived through an analysis of the structure(12 elements) of the fire door. As a result, the effects of fire-resisting filler density, adhesive, and foam gasket were confirmed for evacuation space, and the effects of fire-resisting filler, adhesive, and fire fins were confirmed for common areas. In the fire door fire resistance test, flames and cracks were analyzed as the most frequent failure factors.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.264-271
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• 2009

Characteristics of a counter flowing diffusion flame, which is formulated by an oppositely-injected methane-jet flow in a narrow channel of a uniform air flow. The location of the flame fronts and the flame lengths were compared by changing the flow rates of fuel. To distinguish the effects of the narrow channel on the diffusion flame, a numerical simulation for an ideal two-dimensional flame was conducted. Overall trends of the flame behavior were similar in both numerical and experimental results. With the increase of the ratio of jet velocity to air velocity flame front moved farther upstream. It is thought that the flow re-direction in the channel suppresses fuel momentum more significantly due to the higher temperature and increased viscosity of burned gas. Actual flames in a narrow channel suffer heat loss to the ambient and it has finite length of diffusion flame in contrast to the numerical results of infinite flame length. Thus a convective heat loss was additionally employed in numerical simulation and closer results were obtained. These results can be used as basic data in development of a small combustor of a nonpremixed flame.