• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.143-161
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• 2016

This study is concerned with new excavation methods and techniques for fossil tracks/trackways and its application. Unlike the body fossils such as dinosaur skeletons and isolated bones, the Mesozoic vertebrate tracks and trackways including dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and birds are usually discovered in long-distance trackways. The trackways are also found in a large area of the bedding plane and preserved as two-dimensional and flat characteristic. New excavation methods for fossil footprints reflecting these characteristics have been designed to excavate fossil footprints preserved on wide bedding plane and applied to five excavation fossil tracksites. As a result of its application, the tracks and trackways of dinosaur, pterosaur, and bird were successfully excavated. And based on various excavation cases, the step-by-step process and details of the fossil footprints excavation was proposed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1993.05a
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• pp.9-9
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• 1993

화석연료의 형성과정과 그 발굴 및 정제 또는 사용과정을 살펴보고 그 유용성과 편리성에 비해서 결국 인류에게 .초래할 지구차원 환경오염과 자원탕진으로 겪게 될 인류문명의 갈등을 살펴보면서 자원 낭비의 실상을 이해하도록 하고 특히 우리나라와 같은 자원부족국이 현재 겪고 있는 소위 성장의 고통, 또 그 유지에 문제점을 논하고, 나름대로 대체에너지의 개발 사용방법과 계획을 모색해 보며 나름대로의 방향이 설정되면 국가정책에 반영시키는 방안과 국민운동을 통한 호응 및 자진 실천방안을 논해 보자고 한다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.697-714
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• 2023

The Tracksite of Cretaceous Dinosaurs and Pterosaurs in Jeongchon, Jinju was discovered in late 2017 during the construction of the Ppuri industry complex. This site is a natural heritage site with a high paleontological value, as it preserves fossils of various types of dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and animal traces at a dense concentration. In this study, we surveyed that physical weathering such as joint, crack, scaling, exfoliation, and fragmentation occurred through field research in the fossil site, and conducted basic research on conservation science to reduce the damage. To this end, among the eight levels identified after excavation, the rocks of Level 3, which yielded a large number of theropod footprint fossils, and Level 4, which yielded pterosaur footprint fossils, were analyzed for material characteristics and evaluation of the effectiveness of consolidation and adhesion. This results showed that the rocks in the Level 3 stratum were dark gray siltstone and the rocks in the Level 4 stratum were dark gray shale, which contained a large amount of calcite and were composed of quartz, plagioclase, mica, alkali feldspar, and other clay minerals, which are likely to be damaged by rainfall under external conditions. As a result of conducting an artificial weathering experiment by dividing the probationary sample into four groups: untreated, consolidation treatment, anti-swelling treatment, and adhesive treatment, the consolidation and the swelling inhibitor showed an effect immediately after treatment, but did not show a blocking effect under a freezing-thawing environment. The adhesive showed that the adhesive effect was maintained even under freezing-thawing conditions. In order to preserve the fossil sites at Jeongchon in the future, in addition to temporary measures to block the inflow of moisture, practical measures such as the construction of protective facilities should be prepared.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1988

L'analyse des galets fractures decouverts sur les sols d'habitat de la grotto du Lazaret permet de penser que la cassure des galets se serait produite sur place dans la grotte, soit par des actions naturelles, soit par des actions des hommes prehistoriques. D'apres la comparaison des resultats obtenus par 1'etude exprimentale, les cassures des galets sont liees a plusieurs modes de fraturation. On peut seulement dire que les trois modes (1,3 et 5) sont susceptibles de donner des indications sur 1'aspect intentionnel de certains types de fracturation.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.236-245
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• 2015

This study investigated the errors in presenting paleontology exhibition data in 9 natural history museums for 2 years and two months from 15, Aug. 2013 to 25, March 2015. It was found that seven natural history museums presented 28 difference cases of data in error. The purpose of this study was to investigate why the errors occurred and how to prevent the errors from occurring and finally how to correct the errors earlier. For this purpose, this study review related literatures using conference proceedings, books, conducted a survey via natural history museums. Results suggested five ways to correct errors in the future. First, it is suggested that the authorities of the museum increase the number of curators and have specialists participate in excavation and maintenance, research, preparation of the exhibition data through a collaboration with universities and research institutes. Second, it is also suggested that the authorities establish the classification system to use in the exhibition process and secure a job for their maintenance specialists. Third, the authorities of museum should put an examination process in place as a system by inviting the external experts into the exhibition process and also establish a process of collecting errors identified by any museum visitors. Fourth, the authorities of museum should make an efforts to increase the participating rate of correcting errors through SNS, Docent, and educational programs among the community members and students. Fifth, they also should use mass media to show and present the research-proven figures of paleontological fossils, which hopefully helps resolve issues of the prior unchanging cultural inertia.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2010

This study is aimed at reviewed and analyzed in order to suggest the improved plans related to natural monuments. The summary of this study is as followings; First, Replacing the current term 'cultural properties', which denotes the meaning of 'goods', we need to devise an new categorization that separates such properties into cultural heritage and natural heritage under the national heritage framework. Second, the designation criteria for natural monuments should be divided into the individual realm for animals and plants respectively, since they are not divided in the current Act. Third, the guidelines for naming of natural monuments should be established with the following new categories in accordance with the clear standards. Fourth, such imbalances require us to give priority to the relatively neglected types and areas. Fifth, as the big and old trees account for more than a half of the designated plants, it is necessary to search out new resources(wet plant communities, seashores, sand dune plant communities, etc.) such as geological resources, mineral springs, hot springs, and fossils that are in danger of completely being exploited and exhausted. While most of the designated animals are protected nationally, the existing designation system is required to protect habitats and breeding places for the systematic and efficient conservation. Sixth, as long as we need to preserve those historical and cultural resources for the future generations from national and global perspectives, we should enhance their values by designating them as natural monuments even though they are protected by other regulations such as the natural environment area. Seventh, as a result of the survey, we found that more budgets and experts in the local governments, more empowered organizations, more active public participation should be provided for the better Natural Monument management in Korea. Eighth, the Lap of Natural Heritage in the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage needs to be developed to the Natural Heritage Institute to conduct the diverse activities such as researches, restoration, exhibition and education programs in a systematic and efficient way. Ninth and the last, major damages to natural monuments can be generally categorized into the artificial one and natural one, respectively. The artificial damages include toxics, soil covering, excessive humidity, fire, construction and management works, unlawful damages, fishing, oil spillage, etc, and the natural ones include lightning, storms(typhoons), heavy snowfalls, damage by insects and diseases, lack of prey, etc. This study will become meaningful in that it proposes specific measures for the improvement of the institutions, designation, and management of natural monuments on the basis of the comprehensive analysis on natural monuments. We wish to leave the other subjects related with this study to the future researches.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.129-150
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• 2012

The tectonic evolution of the Central Ogcheon Belt has been newly analyzed in this paper from the detailed geological maps by lithofacies classification, the development processes of geological structures, microstructures, and the time-relationship between deformation and metamorphism in the Ogcheon, Cheongsan, Mungyeong Buunnyeong, Busan areas, Korea and the fossil and radiometric age data of the Ogcheon Supergroup(OSG). The 1st tectonic phase($D^*$) is marked by the rifting of the original Gyeonggi Massif into North Gyeonggi Massif(present Gyeonggi Massif) and South Gyeonggi Massif (Bakdallyeong and Busan gneiss complexes). The Joseon Supergroup(JSG) and the lower unit(quartzose psammitic, pelitic, calcareous and basic rocks) of OSG were deposited in the Ogcheon rift basin during Early Paleozoic time, and the Pyeongan Supergroup(PSG) and its upper unit(conglomerate and pelitic rocks and acidic rocks) appeared in Late Paleozoic time. The 2nd tectonic phase(Ogcheon-Cheongsan phase/Songnim orogeny: D1), which occurred during Late Permian-Middle Triassic age, is characterized by the closing of Ogcheon rift basin(= the coupling of the North and South Gyeonggi Massifs) in the earlier phase(Ogcheon subphase: D1a), and by the coupling of South China block(Gyeonggi Massif and Ogcheon Zone) and North China block(Yeongnam Massif and Taebaksan Zone) in the later phase(Cheongsan subphase: D1b). At the earlier stage of D1a occurred the M1 medium-pressure type metamorphism of OSG related to the growth of coarse biotites, garnets, staurolites. At its later stage, the medium-pressure type metamorphic rocks were exhumed as some nappes with SE-vergence, and the giant-scale sheath fold, regional foliation, stretching lineation were formed in the OSG. At the D1b subphase which occurs under (N)NE-(S)SW compression, the thrusts with NNE- or/and SSW-vergence were formed in the front and rear parts of couple, and the NNE-trending Cheongsan shear zone of dextral strike-slip and the NNE-trending upright folds of the JSG and PSG were also formed in its flank part, and Daedong basin was built in Korean Peninsula. After that, Daedong Group(DG) of the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic was deposited. The 3rd tectonic phase(Honam phase/Daebo orogeny: D2) occurred by the transpression tectonics of NNE-trending Honam dextral strike-slip shearing in Early~Late Jurassic time, and formed the asymmetric crenulated fold in the OSG and the NNE-trending recumbent folds in the JSG and PSG and the thrust faults with ESE-vergence in which pre-Late Triassic Supergroups override DG. The M2 contact metamorphism of andalusite-sillimanite type by the intrusion of Daebo granitoids occurred at the D2 intertectonic phase of Middle Jurassic age. The 4th tectonic phase(Cheongmari phase: D3) occurred under the N-S compression at Early Cretaceous time, and formed the pull-apart Cretaceous sedimentary basins accompanying the NNE-trending sinistral strike-slip shearing. The M3 retrograde metamorphism of OSG associated with the crystallization of chlorite porphyroblasts mainly occurred after the D2. After the D3, the sinistral displacement(Geumgang phase: D4) occurred along the Geumgang fault accompanied with the giant-scale Geumgang drag fold with its parasitic kink folds in the Ogcheon area. These folds are intruded by acidic dykes of Late Cretaceous age.