• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.114-121
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• 2006

To investigate the vegetation structure of mountain ridge from Miwangjae to Cheonwhangbong, 11 plots($2000m^2$) set up with random sampling method were surveyed. Three groups of Quercus mongolica community, Quercus mongolica-Styrax japonica community, Q. mongolica-Pinus densiflora community were classified by cluster analysis. Quercus mongolica was a major woody plant species in the ridge area from Miwangjae to Cheonwhangbong, and Styrax japonica and Pinus densiflora was partly occupied. High positive correlations was proved between Prunus sargentii and Euonymus alatus for. ciliato-dentatus; Quercus serrata and Euonymus alatus; Sorbus alnifolia and Euonymus alatus, Magnolia sieboldii; Acer pseudo-sieboldianum and Euonymus alatus for. ciliato-dentatus; Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Euonymus alatus for. ciliato-dentatandus; Euonymus alatus and Lindera obtusiloba, Castanea crenata, Lindera erythrocarpa; Lespedeza bicolor and Rhododendron schlippenbachii; Castanea crenata and Magnolia sieboldii; Magnolia sieboldii and Lindera erythrocarpa, and relatively high negative correlations was proved between Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Euonymus alatus; Lespedeza bicolor and Castanea crenata; Stephanandra incisa and Magnolia sieboldii; Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense and Lindera erythrocarpa; Euonymus alatus for. ciliato-dentatus and Magnolia sieboldii; Fraxinus sieboldiana and Sapium japonicum; Prunus sargentii and Lespedeza maximowiczii; Lespedeza maximowiczii and Lindera erythrocarpa. Species diversity(H') of investigated groups was ranged $2.3225{\sim}2.7721$, and it was relatively low value compared to that of mountain ridge area of other national parks.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 1992

인류사회 발전의 원동력은 "움직인다"는 것이다. 예를 들면 동물의 움직임, 물의 흐름, 식물의 성장, 화살의 날음, 자동차가 굴러가는 것 등이 그것이다. 뿐만 아니라, 인류는 식량을 모으기 위해서 움직여야 하고 또한 생존을 위해서는 기본적인 기능을 수행하여야 한다. 특히 현대 사회는 사람과 생활필요품을 이송시키기 위해서 승용차, 항공기, 화물자동차 그리고 기차 등을 이용한다. (중략)

• Aerospace Industry
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• v.58
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• pp.44-47
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• 1997

1947년 10월 14일 미국 캘리포니아주 상공을 1대의 로켓 비행기가 화살처럼 지나가면서 쾅하는 엄청난 충격음을 냈다. 이것이 인류가 처음으로 음속 이상의 속도로 날아간 최초의 음속돌파 순간으로 항공기가 달성한 사상 최초의 소닉 붐이었다. 오늘날에는 초음속 비행이 군용기 부문에서는 당연지사가 되었으며 여객기 분야에서도 콩코드기가 마하 2.0의 속도로 대서양을 가볍게 횡단하고 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.255-258
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• 2012

Forty four specimens (22.5-34.2 cm ML) of Heterololigo bleekeri were collected around Dokdo, East Sea on March 1, 2012. It was identified as H. bleekeri based on the following combination of morphological character: mantle very elongate; fin large, thick, length two-thirds of mantle length; arms very short and small in relation to body size, are formula III>II>IV>I.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.168-170
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• 2013

A new species, Euonymus baekdusanensis M. Kim (Celastraceae), has been named and described from Mt. Baekdu of the Korean peninsula. Euonymus baekdusanensis shares several characteristics (4-merous flowers, 4-angled capsule, warted branches and twigs, etc.) with its related species E. verrucosus Scopoli. It is, however, distinct from E. verrucosus which have small oblong leaves (6-7 cm), short petioles (1-2 mm), and small capsules (6-8 mm) by having large elliptical leaves (11-13 cm), long petioles (6-8 mm), and large capsules (12-15 mm).

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.281-288
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• 2015

In this paper, we study an approximate procedure to evaluate a penalized maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for a mixed effects model. The procedure approximates the Hessian matrix of the penalized MLE with a structured sparse matrix or an arrowhead type matrix to speed its computation. In this paper, we numerically investigate the gain in computation time as well as approximation error from the considered approximation procedure.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.347-378
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• 2012

Holocaust fiction has always raised the moral and aesthetic questions about the nature of mimesis and the literary representation of atrocity. The Holocaust, defying any representation of it, has been considered as unspeakable, unknowable, and incomprehensible. This essay aims to explore Martin Amis's narrative strategies in Time's Arrow to conduct the difficult tasks of re-creating the primal scene and of discovering a moral reality behind the Holocaust. One of the major narrative experiments in Time's Arrow is the time reversal: the story moves from the present of phony innocence to the past of unrelieved horror. Reversing the temporal order of events reverses causality and generates the revision of the morality, ultimately creating the epistemological and ontological uncertainties. Amis's novel is also narrated from the perspective of a double persona of the protagonist who, as a Nazi doctor, participated in the massacre in Auschwitz and then fled to the United States following the war. As almost a self-conscious storyteller, the narrator shares a sense of retrospective guilt with the reader who finally realizes that the Holocaust was a world turned upside down morally. Amis's postmodern narrative strategies are unusual enough to warrant a new way of representing the Holocaust.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.84 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 1995

We examined the effects of seed treatment on field germination rate and seedling growth for four woody species, Euonymus alatus, Thea sinensis, Zanthoxylum piperitum, Nandina domestia which are economically useful in Korea. The seeds of each species were purified carefully after collection during Oct. and Nov.. E. alatus, T. sinensis, and Z. piperitum were sowed in the experimental field after stored in open ground with treatment of Pon-Pon. $H_2O_2$, $GA_3$, scarification. and N. domestica was sowed in container within green house after treatment of three different periods(7, 15, 21days) in growth chamber(4, 25, $32^{\circ}C$). Germination rate and seedling growth were measured in mid-Oct.. In E. alatus germination rate was higher in storaging in open ground after soaking in $GA_3$(67.1%) than in only storaging in open ground(18.4%). But the rate in T. sinensis showed no differences between storage in open ground after treatment of $GA_3$, and scarification, and only storage in open ground, Germination rate of Z. piperitum was much higher in storaging in open ground after treatment of Pon-Pon(80.3%) than in only storaging in open ground(12.4%). In N. domestica. seeds stored for 7 days at $32^{\circ}C$ were germinated faster than those stored for 7 days at $4^{\circ}C$, and germination rate of the former was also higher than that of the latter. Peak Times of seed germination in field were order of E. alatus (32 days). Z. piperitum (49 days). T. sinensis (83 days), N. domestica (87 days). The growth of seedling germinated in field showed a good result because of early germination following the effect of seed treatment. The periods of highest growth performances of the seedlings were 72 days in late Jun.-mid Jul. in E. alatus. 59 days in late Jun.- mid Jul. in Z. Piperitum, and 45 days in mid Aug.- mid Sep. in T. sinensis.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2013

The fecundity of summer generation adults of arrowhead scale, Unaspis yanonensis (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), was examined at constant temperatures. The total fecundity increased up to $29^{\circ}C$ and declined thereafter. Total fecundity reached a maximum of 254.5 eggs (crawlers) per female at $29^{\circ}C$. Females showed periodic oviposition activity but the pattern differed with temperature. Three or more oviposition cycles were occurred at 25 and $29^{\circ}C$. At the other temperatures, the 2nd oviposition cycle was reduced or obscure. And oviposition cycle after the 2nd cycle was not obvious at low or high temperatures. The fecundity of the 1st cycle was significantly different according to temperature, showing higher fecundity at 25 and $29^{\circ}C$. Fecundity after 1st cycle at 13, 17 and $21^{\circ}C$ were lower than at 25 and $29^{\circ}C$. The sex ratios of hatched nymphs in terms of female : male in 13, 17, 25, 29 and $33^{\circ}C$ were 1 : 0.48, 1 : 4.79, 1 : 2.48, 1 : 1.85 and 1 : 0.56, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 1993

毒에는 비소, 수은처럼 無機毒과 식물, 동물성의 有機毒이 있으며, 有機毒에는 알카로이드, 배당체, 단백毒 등이 있다. 식물의 알카로이드毒을 중심으로 이것이 어떻게 藥物로서 이용되어 왔는지에 관해 다루었다. Morphine의 발견을 계기로 여러 종류의 식물 알카로이드가 계속 분리되었으며, 藥의 탐구의 새로운 길을 열었다. Morphine은 우수한 진통의 효과를 가졌지만, 흡수억제 및 습관성의 결점을 가지고 있다. 또, Areca catechu L. 의 종자(빈낭자)에는arecoline, arecaidine 등의 piperidine系의 알카로이드를 함유하고 있다. Arecoline은 副交感神經 흥분작용이 있고, 침분비 촉진, 比瀉 등으로 사용되어 왔지만, 지금은 그 용도가 적어졌다. 그리고 화살독이 되는 毒을 약물로 사용한 것은 Acontium屬 식물이 유일한 것이다. 중국에서는 이를 身體四肢關節의 마비, 疼痛의 회복, 대사기능실조의 회복 등의 목적으로 사용해 왔다.