• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.516-521
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• 2003

Optimal conditions of protoplast isolation from the seaweed Prophyra pseudolinearis have been described. The P. pseudolinearis is one of indigenous and dominant Porphyra species in the East Sea region. Protoplasts have been released by enzymatic treatment of 2% agarase and 2% hemicellulase in 25mM MES buffer, pH 6.0 containing 0.5 M sorbitol. The protoplasts could be fused with neutral red-stained protoplasts of P. okamurae by the addition of polyethylene glycol 8000 solution.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.270-278
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• 1995

This report described on the soluble, insoluble, and total dietary fiber level depending on the harvesting seasons and habitats in 9 species of marine algae. Total dietary fiber contents were comprised $25.4-38.1\%$ (dry basis) in green laver and $35.4-43.8\%$in sea staghorn of green algae, $34.2-48.8\%$ in sea mustard, $37.5-47.8\%$ in seaweed fusiforme, $42.9-71.3\%$ in gulf weed, and $37.1-45.1\%$ in sea tangle of brown algae, and $31.3-40.5\%$ in laver, $51.5-60.4\%$ in seaweed dilatata, and $57.1-65.8\%$ in seaweed furcata of red algae. Relatively high levels of both soluble and insoluble dietary fibers were found in seaweed furcata and gulf weed. The ratio of soluble dietary fiber to total dietary fiber was the highest in green laver $(43.7-64.8\%)$, sea mustard $(17.5-31.3\%)$, and seaweed furcata $(44.7-63.2\%)$ in their respective groups. The highest level of algal polysaccharides was confirmed to be an alkali-soluble alginic acid $(9.0-15.1\%)$ in whole brown algae, porphyran$(5.8\%)$ in laver, agar $(20.0\%)$ in seaweed furcata, and carrageenan $(23.8\%)$ in seaweed dilatata of red algae.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.595-604
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• 2018

In this study, in a bid to develop natural bioadhesives for paper craft, the hanji industry, and preserving cultural assets, complex polysaccharides were extracted from brown and red algae and used as an ingredient in adhesives. Brown algae include sea trumpet, kelp, sea oak, and sea mustard, whereas red algae include Pachymeniopsis elliptica agar-agar weed, Gloiopeltis tenax, and hunori. The polysaccharides were extracted after transforming them from non-aqueous Ca complexes contained in each of the brown and red algae into water-soluble polysaccharides containing alkali metals with a solubility level of 1. and extracted Subsequently, only the polysaccharides were extracted using alcohol precipitation. The adhesion tensile strengths of kelp, a brown algae, and Pachymeniopsis elliptica, a red algae, were 21.58 and 32.99 kgf, respectively. They thus demonstrated better adhesion than that of solid glue products such as water plants (18.45 kgf) and glue sticks (20.45 kgf). The extraction yield of these polysaccharides is supposed to be determined according to their extracted environments; however, no difference in adhesion strength was seen. Further, it was found that the shapes of polysaccharides were determined by their growing environment instead of extraction environment. Use of multi-step alcohol precipitation method during extraction enabled the removal of the constituents except protein and other polysaccharides, thereby demonstrating a stable outcome without cultivation of mold. Furthermore, there was no occurrence of mold even after production of the adhesives by the simple solution method, which demonstrates the adhesive's potential as an environment-friendly adhesive material.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1042-1047
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• 2018

The red algae Gracilaria vermiculophylla is widespread on seashores worldwide and has been used as food in Asian countries. Previous studies have reported that extracts of Gracilaria red algae have beneficial anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The present study examined the anti-senescence effects of Gracilaria vermiculophylla extracts (GV-Ex) in replicatively senescent human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). GV-Ex pretreatment improved the cellular viability of hBM-MSCs that had been injured by oxidative stress. These effects of GV-Ex were confirmed by MTT assay and immunoblot analysis using the apoptotic proteins p53 and cleaved caspase-3. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were examined in long-term cultured Passages 17 (P-17) mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and compared to P-7 MSC. The ROS accumulation was greater in the P-17 than in the P-7. However, these increased ROS levels in the P-17 were decreased significantly after treatment with GV-Ex, and restoration of the levels of the anti-oxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, and CAT was also observed under these conditions. In addition, P-17 hBM-MSC treated with GV-Ex had decreased levels of the senescence proteins p53, p21, and p16. The results show that the ability of P-17 hBM-MSC to differentiate into osteocytes and adipocytes was improved by GV-Ex treatment, suggesting that GV-Ex ameliorates the functional decline of senescent stem cells.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.279-283
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• 2012

Bio-ethanol production research using various material has been problemed for solving problems of environment pollution caused by fossil fuels. Red-algae consists of agar, carrageenan, and porphyran. If it is treated by acid, it is able to change useful bio-mass for bio-ethanol. In this study, we found an optimal condition for bio-ethanol production from acid hydrolysate in red-algae. To produce bio-ethanol, Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCCM1129 inoculated to acid hydrolysate of Gelidium amansii. The optimal condition for Gelidium amansii hydrolysis was found to be 30 min reaction at $H_2SO_4$ concentration of 1.5% and $121^{\circ}C$. At this condition, its produced to 7.04 g/L galactose and 1.94 g/L glucose. And acetic acid concentration of 2.0% in agar produced 0.75 g/L galactose. In contrast, Pachymeniopis elliptica was treated with $H_2SO_4$concentration of 1.5%, it produced 6.38 g/L galactose. And Pachymeniopis elliptica treated with acetic acid concentration of 2% produced 0.368 g/L galactose. The optimal condition of ethanol production was found to be 96 h reaction at $H_2SO_4$concentration of 1.0% and $30^{\circ}C$, which produced 3.77 g/L ethanol.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1501-1510
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• 2011

In recent years novel potential pharmocological candidates have been looked for in animal, seaweed, sponge, fungi and marine bacteria resources. In this study, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that play an important role in metastasis, arthritis, chronic inflammation and wrinkle formation were used as target enzymes to screen therapeutic agents. The inhibitory effects of several marine algae including green algae (5 species), red algae (18 species) and brown algae (4 species) methanolic extracts on MMPs were investigated in human dermal fibroblasts and human fibrosarcoma cell line (HT1080 cells) using gelatin zymography. In human dermal fibroblasts, the inhibition of MMP-2 was observed in Laurencia okamurae, Polysiphonia japonica, Grateloupia lanceolate and Sinkoraena lancifolia of red algae. In contrast, MMP-2 activation was enhanced in Enteromorpha compressa and E. linza of green algae, and Peltaronia bighamiae and Sargassum thunbergii of brown algae. In human fibrosarcoma cells, MMP-9 activation was decreased in the presence of S. thunbergii of brown algae, Polysiphonia japonica in red algae and E. compressa and E. linza of green algae. The interesting finding is that E. compressa and E. linza of green algae, and S. thunbergii of brown algae exhibited a positive effect on MMP-2 in normal cells, but a negative effect on MMP-9 in cancer cell lines. These results suggest that E. compressa and E. linza of green algae, and S. thunbergii of brown algae contain potential therapeutic ingredients for cancer treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.621-628
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• 1993

Total lipid contents from 10 species of marine algae(2 green, 5 brown, and 3 red algae) collected from different places in Korea were examined and their fatty acid compositions were compared among species and habitats. Total lipid(TL) was prominent in green laver(about 7.3~10.1%) of the green algae, in sea mustard and seaweed fusiforme(about 3.1~4.8%) of the brown algae and purple laver(about 4.9~6.4%) of the red algae. Sea mustard and seaweed fusiforme collected at Chungmu contained a relatively high level of TL than that at Yosu and Kijang. The TL content of purple laver showed the highest portion in that collected at Nakdong. Green algae comprised the majority of n-3 fatty acids(29.0~66.3%), which mainly consisted of 16 : 4(n-3) (or 16 : 3 (n-3)), 18 : 3(n-3) and 18 : 4(n-3). Brown algae accounted for a low level of n-3 fatty acids(17.9~36.5%) mainly 18 : 4(n-3), 18 : 3(n-3) and 20 : 5(n-3), whereas the brown algae contained a significant level of n-6 fatty acids(7.23~26.5%) such as 20 : 4(n-6) and 18 : 2(n-6). In the case of red algae, the n-3 fatty acids consisted mostly of 20 : 5(n-3) which scored 53% of polyenoic acids in purple laver collected at Nakdong. The proportion of n-3 fatty acids in algae belonging to the same species was higher in algae of high TL contents. Consequently, TL and n-3 fatty acid levels from the seaweeds studied in this paper were different from their habitats.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.64-71
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• 2020

Gloiopeltis tenax is one of the most economically useful species in China and Japan that has been applied to glue and food since ancient times. The material used in the experiment was a large quantity of basal crusts obtained from the culture of tetraspores that were released from the mature tetrasporophytes collected at Gyeokpori, Byeonsan-myeon, Buan-gun, Jeollabuk-do in Korea. The basal crusts were cut into quadrisect under a dissecting microscope so as to monitor the process of regeneration and growth. The cut crusts were cultured under varying conditions, where the photoperiod was 16:8 h L:D; the temperature range was 10, 15, 20, and 25℃; the irradiance range was 30 and 85 µmol photons m^-2s^-1. The quadrisect basal crusts grew to an oval shape, then formed a vertical axis of cylindrical shape. The maximum growth of basal crusts was 9.61±3.59 mm² under the condition of 15℃ temperature and 85 µmol photons m^-2s^-1 irradiance, after 12-weeks culture. The mean relative growth rate after 12-weeks culture showed the maximum rate of 5.15±0.80 %day^-1 at 15℃ and the minimum growth rate was 3.15±0.94 %day^-1 at 10℃, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). In conclusion, it has shown the possibility that growth of basal crusts of G. tenax is one of the good farming method of potential alga.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.81-85
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• 2019

This study was carried out to observe the changes of seaweed community in artificial reefs installed in September, 2016 in Namae-ri, Yangyang-gun, and Seokbyeong-ri, Pohangsi, Korea. Field surveys were conducted by SCUBA diving once a season in February, May, August, and November of 2017, and quantitative survey and qualitative survey were carried out in parallel. In this study, a total of 94 species, including 11 green algae, 15 brown algae and 68 red algae were appeared. 66 species (8 green algae, 9 brown algae, 49 red algae) and 65 species (7 green algae, 9 brown algae, 49 red algae) were collected and identified in Yangyang and Pohang. In dominant species, Yangyang was dominant species of Saccharina japonica and subdominant species of Ulva australis. Pohang dominated in order of Colpomenia sinuosa and Gelidium elegans. In both coastal areas, Ulva spp., Colpomenia sinuosa were grown at the early stage of reforestation, and perennial seaweeds such as Saccharina japonica, Ecklonia cava and Gelidium elegans were grown. In order to clarify the clustering relation through flora change, it is necessary to monitor the transition process until the seaweed community is stabilized by observing the long-term change through continuous monitoring.

• 한국전자현미경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.135-139
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• 2005