• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.102-109
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• 2012

In this study, the four different filter media (sponge, volcanic stone, activated carbon and magnesium hydroxide) were tested for the removal of algae and phosphorus in the two eutrophic water samples (natural water and artificial algal culture with BG-11 medium). These filter media were used in the column device as single or combined applications. The effect of the $Mg(OH)_2$ on phosphorus removal was examined using different particle sizes (<2 mm and >2 mm) and concentrations (0, 10, 50 and 100 g $L^{-1}$) of magnesium hydroxide. The removal efficiency of phosphate by magnesium hydroxide was increased with longer experimental time and higher concentration. However, there was no significant difference in the degree of phosphorus removal between any two particle sizes (1 mg P $L^{-1}$: F=0.109, P=0.685; 10 mg P $L^{-1}$: F=1.542, P=0.355). Among the four media, activated carbon showed the most potent effect on the removal of both algae and phosphorus. The highest removal efficiency of algae and phosphorus was obtained by combining four columns of each filter medium. Interestingly, integration of four filter columns showed higher removal efficiency than activated carbon alone. The highest removal efficiency by integrated filter columns seemed to be caused by a synergistic effect of combined activated carbon and magnesium hydroxide.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.332-340
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• 2007

Storm runoff from road contains significant loads of particulate and dissolved solids, organic constituents and metal elements. Micro particle is important when considering pollution mitigation because pollutant metal and organics have similar behavior with particles. The objective of this research is to evaluate the hydrodynamic filter separator performance for road storm runoff treatment. A various types of media such as perlite, granular activated carbon, zeolite were used for column test packing media and filter separator, and to determine the removal efficiency with various surface loading rate. As the results of column test, the highest SS removal efficiency was using mixed media(granular activated carbon, zeolite and perlite), and granular activated carbon mixed with zeolite has higher heavy metal removal efficiency than perlite. In laboratory scale hydrodynamic filter separator study, the operation ranges of surface loading rates were from 192 to 1,469 $m^3/m^2/day$. The estimated overall removal efficiencies of hydrodynamic filter separator for typical storm runoff were SS 48.1%, BOD 31.9%, COD 32.6%, TN 15.5%, and TP 17.3%, respectively. For the case of heavy metals, overall removal efficiencies were Fe 26.0%, Cu 19.4%, Cr 25.7, Zn 16.6%, and Pb 15.0%, respectively. The most appropriate medium for hydrodynamic filter separator was perlite mixed with granular activated carbon to treatment of road storm runoff.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.37-44
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• 2012

This study investigated on the adsorption of nonpoint pollution source using the Sand, hydroxyapatite(HAP), Zeolite and mixed culture. The adsorption of nonpoint pollution source on Sand, hydroxyapatite(HAP), Zeolite and mixed culture was investigated during a series of batch adsorption experiments. After the batch absorption experiments analysed COD, T-N, T-P on adsorption water. The experimental data was analysed using the pseudo-first-order adsorption kinetic models. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were tested for their applicability. The maximum adsorbed amount $(Q_{max})$ of COD were found to be sand 0.0511mg/g, HAP 0.1905mg/g, Zeolite 1.0366mg/g and Mixed media 0.7444mg/g. The maximum adsorbed amount $(Q_{max})$ of T-N were found to be sand 0.0159mg/g, HAP 0.0537mg/g, Zeolite 0.5496mg/g and Mixed media 0.1374mg/g. The maximum adsorbed amount $(Q_{max})$ of T-P were found to be sand 0.0202mg/g, HAP 0.1342mg/g, Zeolite 0.0462mg/g and Mixed media 0.1180mg/g. As a result, the mixed media was effective to remove nonpoint pollution source.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.200-206
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• 1998

The distributions and characteristics of bacteria on the deodorizing biofilters were studied as a part of biofiltration research for odor gas removal. The odor gas originated from a currently operating nightsoil treatment plant were mainly nitrogenous compounds of ammonia and amines. The filter media were consisted various ratio of pine bark, nightsoil cast and compost, and were sampled before and after operation of 153 days. Before operation, the level of bacteria on nitrification agar medium, nutrient agar medium and thiosulfate agar medium were around $10^7{\sim}10^8cfu/g$ media. After operation, the level decreased but still high as $10^5{\sim}10^7cfu/g$ media. The bacteria from reactors before and after operations were either rod or coccus after growth on nitrification agar media. The 45 isolated heterotrophic bacteria were further characterized and Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Flavobacterium, Alcaligenes were dominant genera. Genus Alcaligenes was particularly dominant when the isolates were incubated on nitrification agar media first and then transfered to nutrient media. The portion of Alcaligenes in the biofilter increased after operation, and was higher in the media contained nightsoil cast, which showed better treatment than the media with pine bark only.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2018

Media (bio-stone), aquatic macrophytes (Oenanthe javanica) and herbivorous cladoceran (Daphnia similoides) have been used in artificial floating island (AFI) systems for water pollution control. Efficiency in chl-a concentration controlling of AFI was tested using different combinations of each device: G-BD-mixture bio-stone and Daphnia similoides, G-OB-mixture Oenanthe javanica and bio-stone, G-BOD-mixture bio-stone, Oenanthe javanica and Daphnia similoides, and the out-put water quality improvement was compared with G-C-control (no device was applied). We analyzed removal efficiency of chl-a concentration and nutrient concentrations in the artificially eutrophic water in the laboratory experimental facility. The results showed average removal rates of Chlorophyll a, TN and TP for different four groups: 69.24%, 16.61%, -0.61%; 68.39%, 14.11%, 10.52%; 78.30%, 6.69%, 25.09%; 35.42%, -3.47%, -25.18%, respectively. The results have suggested that the mixture of media, plants and zooplankton is the most efficient combination for Chlorophyll a control, while the mixture of macrophytes and bio-stone have better efficiency nutrient control.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.515-515
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• 2017

하천에서 취수원을 개발하는데 있어 지층의 구성으로 물리, 화학적 여과, 흡착 등을 통해 자연 정화되는 간접 취수 방식이 활발히 도입되고 있다. 양질의 취수원을 공급할 수 있는 간접 취수 방식은 수량 확보 측면에서의 불확실성과 유지관리상의 어려움 때문에 많은 시행착오가 발생된다. 이와 같은 단점을 개선하기 위해 하상을 개착하여 불균질한 대수층을 치환하고 스크린을 통해 간접 취수원을 개발하는 하상여과 방식이 도입되고 있다. 대수층을 치환하여 여재를 구성함에 있어 오염물질 및 탁도의 저감 효율을 극대화하기 위해 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 개착식 하상여과에서 치환하는 여재의 구성에 따른 탁도의 저감 효율을 분석하기 위해 축소 모형실험으로 구성하였다. 각각의 여재의 구성에 대해서는 상수도 시설기준을 통해 축소된 입경의 매질로 구성하였다. 실험실 규모의 모형 수조($1500mm{\times}500mm{\times}1700mm$)를 구성하고 하부에는 내경 80mm이고 길이 1300mm인 기능성 스크린이 부착된 취수관을 설치하였다. 모형 수조에서 여재의 두께는 총 1000mm로 구성하였고, 각각의 층에 대해서는 250mm로 하여 4개의 층을 구성할 수 있도록 하였다. 치환하는 여재의 매질에는 자갈, 왕사, 중사, 화산석을 사용하였고, 각각의 입경은 5-10mm, 2-5mm, 1-2mm, 2-5mm이고, 탁도를 유발하는 물질로는 입경이 $20{\mu}m$인 황토를 사용하였다. 단일매질 구성을 통해 각각의 여재 종류에 따른 탁도 저감 효과에 대해서 분석하였고, 세 가지의 혼합매질 구성을 통해 치환층 여재의 배치에 따른 탁도 저감 효과를 분석하였고, 각각의 구성은 중사-왕사-자갈-화산석, 화산석-중사-왕사-자갈, 중사-왕사-화산석-자갈로 하였다. 주입수는 30-50NTU를 유지하였으며 유출수의 탁도를 통해 저감 효율을 분석하였다. 분석된 결과를 통해 개착식 하상여과 방식의 여재 구성에 대해서 탁도 저감에 효율을 극대화할 수 있을 것으로 보여진다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2012.03a
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• pp.56-56
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• 2012

본 연구는 가정용 및 산업용 유해가스제거용 필터여재의 제조에 관한 것으로 핫멜트(hot-melt) 분사 시스템에 의한 다층구조의 부직포와 활성탄 등의 흡착물질로 구성되는 샌드위치 복합시트 및 필터여 재의 제조에 사용되는 구성재료의 최적화에 관한 연구이다. 스프레이 본딩 시스템에 의한 공정은 종래의 유해가스제거용 필터 미디어의 제조하는 방법인 활성탄과 바인더 역할을 하는 핫멜트 수지를 혼합하여 부직포 원단에 도포하여 활성탄을 부착시키는 공정에 비해 도포되는 핫멜트 수지의 양이 감소에 의한 생산비절감과 충분한 활성탄 도포에 의한 기능성 향상 등에 의해 유해가스 포집율을 높일 수 있으며 공정 이후 스프레이에 의해 도포된 핫멜트수지의 자연건조 방식에 의한, 열원이 불필요하며, 에너지가 절감되며, 속도 향상에 의한 생산성 향상, 분진발생 최소화로 인한 제조현장의 환경개선이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. 1차적으로 본 연구의 필터제조의 최적화를 위해서 스프레이 본딩시스템에 효율적으로 사용가능한 다양한 수지를 검토하였으며, 기존 외산 캐빈필터여재의 미세구조 및 성능특성, 다양한 활성탄의 흡착성능검토, 사용 가능한 여재의 특성분석을 통해 다층구조의 필터 여재에 사용 가능한 구성재료의 최적화에 중심을 두었다.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2014

To obtain optimum filter media, configuration method and greenhouse wastewater loading in small-scale constructed wetlands (CWs) for treating greenhouse wastewater, the apparatuses were constructed with 4 kinds of combined systems such as vertical flow (VH)-Horizontal flow (HF), HF-VH, HF-VF-HF, VF-HF-HF CWs. The efficiencies of pollutants in greenhouse wastewater were investigated in various CWs under different filter media, configuration methods and agricultural water loading. Removal rates of pollutants under different filter media were in the other of coarse sand>broken stone${\fallingdotseq}$calcite${\fallingdotseq}$mixed filter media for COD, broken stone>mixed filter media>coarse sand>calcite for T-N, and calcite>mixed filter media>broken stone>coarse sand for T-P. The removal rates of pollutants in HF-VH-HF CWs at different configuration methods were higher than those in other configuration methods. The removal rates of pollutants were higher in the order of $150L\;m^{-2}day^{-1}{\fallingdotseq}300L\;m^{-2}day^{-1}$ > $600L\;m^{-2}day^{-1}$ under different greenhouse wastewater loading. Therefore, optimum configuration method was HF-VH-HF CWs, the optimum filter media was mixed filter media (coarse sand : broken stone : calcite=1 : 1 : 1), and the optimum greenhouse wastewater loading was $300L\;m^{-2}day^{-1}$ in HF-VH-HF CWs.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.153-157
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• 2010

We studied the adsorption efficiency of steelmaking slag in removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for increasing the recycling rate of steel-making slag. Ceramic filter was prepared by mixing the steel-making slag and the diatomite which is used as adsorbents due to the advantage of the high specific surface area and regular mesopores. The adsorption efficiency for VOCs removal was about 80%, 96% and 85% in acetaldehyde, formaldehyde and ammonia, respectively. The adsorption efficiency over 80% for all The gases showed the practical possibility as the adsorption filter.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.285-292
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• 2011

In order to develop livestock wastewater treatment technology by natural purification method, the optimum filter media in small-scale livestock wastewater treatment apparatus for treating livestock wastewater were studied. Removal rates of pollutants under different filter media were in the other of coarse sand ${\fallingdotseq}$ broken stone > zeolite > calcite for COD, zeolite >> broken stone ${\fallingdotseq}$ coarse sand ${\fallingdotseq}$ calcite for T-N, and calcite > coarse sand ${\fallingdotseq}$ broken stone ${\fallingdotseq}$ zeolite for T-P. Based on the above results, the optimum filter media was coarse sand in small-scale livestock wastewater treatment apparatus. To meet acceptable effluent quality standard for livestock wastewater and to improve T-N and T-P removal efficiencies, removal efficiencies of pollutants in small-scale livestock wastewater treatment apparatus with mixed filter media were studied. The removal rates of COD, SS, T-N and T-P in effluent were 84, 94, 65 and 98% in small-scale livestock wastewater treatment apparatus with mixed filter media, respectively. For increasing the T-N and T-P removals in small-scale livestock wastewater treatment apparatus, the mixed filter media are recommended.