• Title/Summary/Keyword: 호흡속도

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Effects of Water Stress on Germination in Winter Barley (수분부족이 보리의 발아에 미치는 영향)

  • 백형진;최원열
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.39 no.2
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    • pp.139-145
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    • 1994
  • This study was intended to obtain the basic information on the germination status, changes of $\beta$-amylase activity and reducing sugar contents during seed germination of barley after an imposition of water stress by adding Polyethylene glycol solution. The effects of water deficit on germination were to be decreased in germination rate and velocity. Respiratory Quotient was increased as the osmotic potential in culture solution was decreased. But $\beta$-amylase activity and reducing sugar contents were decreased and the ratio of dry to fresh weight of germinated seeds was increased as the osmotic potential of the culture solution was decreased.

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Parametric Imaging with Respiratory Motion Correction for Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography (조영증강 초음파 진단에서 호흡에 의한 흔들림을 보정한 파라미터 영상 생성 기법)

  • Kim, Ho-Joon;Cho, Yun-Seok
    • KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.69-76
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    • 2020
  • In this paper, we introduce a method to visualize the contrast diffusion patterns and the dynamic vascular patterns in a contrast-enhanced ultrasound image sequence. We present an imaging technique to visualize parameters such as contrast arrival time, peak intensity time, and contrast decay time in contrast-enhanced ultrasound data. The contrast flow pattern and its velocity are important for characterizing focal liver lesions. We propose a method for representing the contrast diffusion patterns as an image. In the methods, respiratory motion may degrade the accuracy of the parametric images. Therefore, we present a respiratory motion tracking technique that uses dynamic weights and a momentum factor with respect to the respiration cycle. Through the experiment using 72 CEUS data sets, we show that the proposed method makes it possible to overcome the limitation of analysis by the naked eye and improves the reliability of the parametric images by compensating for respiratory motion in contrast-enhanced ultrasonography.

Effects of Bottom Ash Amendment on Soil Respiration and Microbial Biomass under Anaerobic Conditions (혐기조건에서 석탄바닥재가 토양호흡량 및 미생물 생체량에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Jong-Chan;Chung, Doug-Young;Han, Gwang-Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.45 no.2
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    • pp.260-265
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    • 2012
  • Soil respiration under flooded conditions is considered to be very small compared with aerobic soil respiration of soil organic matter. However, anaerobic decomposition of soil plays a key role in carbon cycling in flooded ecosystems. On the other hand, coal-ash wastes, such as fly ash and bottom ash, are known to function as a soil amendment for mitigating $CO_2$ emission and enhancing carbon sequestration in up land soils. In this study, we investigated bottom ash as a soil amendment for mitigating $CO_2$ emission, and thus enhancing carbon sequestration under anaerobic conditions. We observed that amendment of bottom ash without external organic source led to significant reduction in $CO_2$ emission rate and in total cumulative $CO_2$ emission flux over the incubation period, which was proportional to the amount of bottom ash applied. We also found that soil microbial biomass increased in response to application of bottom ash. These results suggest that bottom ash can be utilized to store $CO_2$ as a stable soil organic carbon in flooded ecosystems, as in aerobic situations.

Engineering Education by Elliptical Trainers(ET) - Cardiorespiratory Responses by the Mean Free Path (Elliptical Trainers(ET)를 이용한 공학교육 - 평균자유거리에 의한 심폐기능의 반응)

  • Hwang, Un Hak
    • The Journal of Korean Institute for Practical Engineering Education
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.53-62
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    • 2011
  • The elliptical trainers(ET) can be a good tool for educating engineers by analyzing physical responses in terms of Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER, epm) and Heart Rate (HR, bpm). For the various energy expenditure, exercise speed, and weight loss both RER and HR are studied in order to study the blood circulations based on the health training cardiorespiratory. As the results, (1) RER increases gradually as the energy expenditure, however, HR increases gradually up to a critical value and then increases rapidly. The critical value of the energy expenditure in our studies was 275 Cal. (2) RER increases gradually as the ET speed increases, however, HR increases gradually up to a critical value and then increases rapidly. The critical value of the ET speed in our studies was about 6.7km/h. (3) RER increases gradually as the weight loss increases (or, the metabolic cost increases), however, HR is almost nothing to do with the increase of the weight loss.

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Assessment of the Organic and Nitrogen Fractions in the Sewage of the Different Sewer Network Types by Respirometric Method (미생물 호흡률 측정에 의한 관거시스템 유형별 하수의 기질 분율 평가)

  • Park, Jong-Bu;Hur, Hyung-Woo;Kang, Ho;Chang, Sung-Oun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.31 no.8
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    • pp.649-654
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    • 2009
  • Respirometric analysis of domestic sewage by measuring oxygen uptake rate(OUR) was carried out for the experimental assessment of the organic and biomass fractions. The data of the organic and biomass fractions in sewage is essential for the activated sludge model to optimize the biological treatment plant. As a result of this study, the fractions of readily biodegradable substrate($S_S$), slowly biodegradable substrate($X_S$), inert soluble substrate($S_I$), inert particular substrate($X_I$) and heterotrophic biomass($X_{HAB}$) were about 26.6%, 41.5%, 8.5%, 14.7% and 8.7% on the basis of chemical oxygen demand($COD_{Cr}$), respectively. And the fractions of nitrogen were also studied. The fractions of soluble nitrate nitrogen($S_{NO}$), soluble ammonia nitrogen($S_{NH}$), soluble nonbiodegradable organic nitrogen($S_{NI}$), soluble biodegradable organic nitrogen($S_{ND}$) and slowly biodegradable organic nitrogen($X_{ND}$) were about 3.7%, 64.9%, 4.7%, 9.4% and 17.4%, respectively.

Sensibility Evaluation of Driver to the Speed in a Dynamic Simulator (동환경 시뮬레이터에서 주행속도에 따른 운전자 감성평가)

  • 성은정;민병찬;전효정;김태은;강인형;김철중
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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    • 2002.11a
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    • pp.177-181
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    • 2002
  • 본 연구에서는 동적환경 감성 시험평가 시스템(driving simulator)을 이용하여 다양한 운전속도(40, 70, 100km/h)에서 주행시 운전자의 감성평가를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 주행속도가 증가할수록 쾌활성, 쾌적감, 긴장감, 각성감, 속도감이 높게 나타났고, 심박수는 증가하였다. 안정시에 비하여 주행시에 뇌파의 알파파는 감소하고 베타파는 증가하였으며 호흡수가 증가하였으나, 조건간의 유의차는 나타나지 않았다. 또한 70km/h이상에서 GSR의 증가와 SKT의 감소가 인정되었으며, 70km/h이하에서 눈깜박임율이 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로부터, 운전자는 속도가 증가할수록 주관적으로 긍정적인 감성을 느끼지만, 70km/h이상에서 자율신경계 반응에 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 이러한 결과는 실제차량 및 시뮬레이터에서 수행한 선행연구의 결과와 대체로 일치하여 본 시스템으로 운전자 감성평가가 충분히 수행될 수 있음을 시사하였다.

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Study of the Respiratory Monitoring System by Using the MEMS Acceleration Sensor (MEMS 가속도 센서를 이용한 환자 호흡동작 모니터링 체계 연구)

  • Sung, Jiwon;Yoon, Myonggeun;Chung, Weon Kuu;Kim, Dong Wook;Shin, Dong Oh
    • Progress in Medical Physics
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.61-67
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    • 2013
  • In this study, we developed and evaluated the patient respiration training method which can help to avoid the problems for the limitation of RGRT applicable patient cases. By using the MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical-system) acceleration sensor, we measured movement of motion phantom. We had compared the response of MEMS with commercially introduced real time patient monitoring (RPM) system. We measured the response of the MEMS with 1 dimensional motion phantom movement for 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 second of period and the 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 cm of the amplitudes. The measured period error of the MEMS system was 0.6~6.0% compared with measured period using RPM system. We found that the shape of MEMS signals were similar with RPM system. From this study, we found the possibility of MEMS as patient training system.

Defining the Tumour and Gross Tumor Volume using PET/CT : Simulation using Moving Phantom (양전자단층촬영장치에서 호흡의 영향에 따른 종양의 변화 분석)

  • Jin, Gye-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.15 no.7
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    • pp.935-942
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    • 2021
  • Involuntary movement of internal organs by respiration is a factor that greatly affects the results of radiotherapy and diagnosis. In this study, a moving phantom was fabricated to simulate the movement of an organ or a tumor according to respiration, and 18F-FDG PET/CT scan images were acquired under various respiratory simulating conditions to analyze the movement range of the tumor movement by respiration, the level of artifacts according to the size of the tumor and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax). Based on Windows CE 6.0 as the operating system, using electric actuator, electric actuator positioning driver, and programmable logic controller (PLC), the position and speed control module was operated normally at a moving distance of 0-5 cm and 10, 15, and 20 reciprocations. For sphere diameters of 10, 13, 17, 22, 28, and 37 mm at a delay time of 100 minutes, 80.4%, 99.5%, 107.9%, 113.1%, 128.0%, and 124.8%, respectively were measured. When the moving distance was the same, the difference according to the respiratory rate was insignificant. When the number of breaths is 20 and the moving distance is 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, and 5 cm, as the moving distance increased at the sphere diameters of 10, 13, 17, 22, 28, and 37 mm, the ability to distinguish images from smaller spheres deteriorated. When the moving distance is 5 cm compared to the still image, the maximum values of the standard intake coefficient were 18.0%, 23.7%, 29.3%, 38.4%, 49.0%, and 67.4% for sphere diameters of 10, 13, 17, 22, 28, and 37 mm, respectively.

An Implementation of ARM 920T Processor-based Ultrasonic Spirometer and Improvement of Its Sensitivity (ARM 920T 프로세서 기반의 초음파 폐활량계 구현 및 감도 향상 연구)

  • Lee, Cheul-Won;Kim, Young-Kil
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.268-273
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    • 2005
  • The spirometer is a medical device that measures the instantaneous velocity of the respiratory gas flow capacity. It is used for testing the condition of the lung and patient monitoring. It measures the absolute capacity difference that includes the flow capacity signal. In this paper, by using an ultrasound sensor that reduce+ the error caused by the inertia and pressure it has improved the transmission and receiving signal. This has enabled patients with weak respiratory to use the spirometer. Also, by using the ARM 920T Processor, a precise and prompt detection system was implemented.

An Implementation of the embedded hardware system based Ultrasonic Spirometer and Improvement of Its Sensitivity (임베디드 하드웨어 시스템 기반의 초음파 폐활량계 구현 및 감도 향상 연구)

  • Lee, Cheul-Won;Kim, Young-Kil
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.417-420
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    • 2005
  • The spirometer is a medical device that measures the instantaneous velocity of the respiratory gas flow capacity. It is used for testing the condition of the lung and patient monitoring. It measures the absolute capacity difference that includes the flow capacity signal. In this paper, by using an ultrasound sensor that reduce the error caused by the inertia and pressure it has improved the transmission and receiving signal. This has enabled patients with weal respiratory to use the spirometer. Also, by using the embedded hardware system, a precise and prompt detection system was implemented.

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