• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.183-198
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of clinical nutrition services provided at tertiary hospitals and general hospitals in Korea. In total, 157 questionnaires were distributed to the departments of nutrition at hospitals on September 2013. The results of this study are as follows. The median number of beds was 607 and average length of stay was 8 days. 63.1% of dietitians had over 5 years of career experience. Nutritional screening rate was 97% in tertiary hospitals but only 67.2% in general hospitals (P<0.001). The rate of equipment with computerized nutritional screening system was 100% in tertiary hospitals but 71.9% in general hospitals (P<0.001). Hospitals with the best regarding nutritional care were hospitals accredited by JCI (Joint Commission International). On the other hand, hospitals not accredited by the JCI but KOIHA (Korea Institute for Healthcare Accreditation) showed the lowest performance rate of nutritional care. Nutrition support teams (NSTs) were established in all tertiary hospitals but in only 73% of general hospitals (P<0.001). The rate of actively operating NSTs was 89% in tertiary hospitals but only 62% in general hospitals (P<0.001). There is a need to provide proper standardized clinical nutrition services as a primary treatment and we observed large variations in the quality of nutritional service between hospitals. Therefore, local solutions are needed to implement nutritional programs and policies for improved service and care.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.343-355
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• 2013

This study analyzed the dietary habits and nutrient intake status of adult drinkers in Korea. Alcohol drinking patterns were obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Among 4,968 persons, 91.5% were drinkers. Classification of their drinking patterns by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score showed 64.5% of the drinkers were normal drinkers, 22.4% problem drinkers and 13.2% alcohol-dependent drinkers. Overall, 47% of the drinkers were considered alcohol-dependent in the Rapid Alcohol Problems Screen (RAPS4). Significant differences were found between those who abstained from alcohol (86.8%) and alcohol-dependent drinkers (68.9%); when asked about breakfast habits 73.4% of non-drinkers often had family meals, while only 55.4% of the alcohol-dependent drinkers had family meals. Dietary energy, alcohol energy, and total energy intake significantly increased for the alcohol-dependents (P<0.001). In addition, the intake of eight nutrients (protein, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, calcium, phosphorous and iron), significantly increased in the following order (least to highest): abstainers, normal drinkers, drinkers with a moderate addiction to alcohol and alcohol-dependent drinkers (P <0.05). Nutrient Adequacy Ratios (NAR) of all nutrients, except vitamin C, and the Mean nutrient Adequacy Ratio (MAR) significantly increased in the following order (least to highest): abstainers, normal drinkers, drinkers with a moderate addiction to alcohol and alcohol-dependent drinkers (P<0.05). The intake of vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, and niacin per 1,000 kcal, according to drinking pattern, decreased in the order of abstainers, normal drinkers, drinkers with a moderate addiction to alcohol, and alcohol-dependent drinkers (P<0.001). The above results show that the nutrient intake of normal drinkers, drinkers with a moderate addiction to alcohol, and alcohol-dependent drinkers are higher than abstainers. However, overall intake of vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, and niacin per 1,000 kcal was low. Therefore it is necessary to increase vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, and niacin intake for drinkers.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.78-93
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• 2017

The purposes of this study were to assess energy expenditure of eight walking activities in normal weight and overweight or obese high school students and to evaluate the accuracy of two accelerometers worn on the ankle and waist. Thirty-five (male 17, female 18) healthy high school students participated in this study. They were classified into normal weight (n=21) and overweight or obese (n=14) groups. The subjects completed five treadmill walking activities (TW2.4, TW3.2, TW4.0, TW4.8, TW5.6), followed by three self-selected hallway walking activities (walk as if walking and talking with a friend: HWL, walk as if hurrying across the street at a cross-walk: HWB, walk as fast as you can but do not run: HWF). Energy expenditure and metabolic equivalents (METs) were measured using a portable indirect calorimeter, and predicted energy expenditures and METs were derived from two accelerometers placed on the ankle and waist. Measured energy expenditures per body weight (kg) of eight walking activities were significantly higher in the normal weight group than in the obese group and significantly higher in female than male. The ankle accelerometer overestimated energy expenditures and METs (bias 49.4~105.5%), whereas the waist accelerometer underestimated energy expenditures and METs (bias -30.3~-85.8). Except for HWF (fast) activity, METs of seven activities were moderate intensity based on Compendium METs intensity categories. HWF (fast) activity was vigorous intensity. METs from the ankle accelerometer were vigorous intensity except TW2.4 activity (moderate intensity). METs from the waist accelerometer were low intensity (TW2.4, TW3.2, TW4.0, TW4.8, HWL) and moderate intensity (TW5.6, HWB, HWF). Physical activity guidelines were developed based on measured physical activity level of high school students. Further studies should investigate the effects of body composition in larger subjects.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

It is well known that malnutrition is a predictor of mortality in hemodialysis patients. The number of diabetic nephropathy patients is increasing rapidly. This study aimed to investigate nutritional status and nutrient intake according to the presence of diabetes among hemodialysis patients. The nutritional intake and general characteristics of outpatients at Ajou University Hospital (24 with diabetes and 30 without diabetes) were investigated between July and September 2015. Patients' general data were collected, and nutritional status by Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) was evaluated. Nutrient intakes were assessed according to 3-day food records. There was no significant difference regarding body weight between the two groups. However, the non-diabetic group showed a better nutritional status by Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) ($5.2{\pm}4.4$ vs. $8.0{\pm}4.3$ score, non-diabetics vs. diabetics, P<0.05). There was no difference in daily calorie intake ($1,473.9{\pm}370.5$ vs. $1,503.8{\pm}397.5kcal$) and protein intake ($60.3{\pm}19.7$ vs. $65.6{\pm}20.5g$) in those with diabetes. Intakes of vegetables protein, sodium, potassium, vitamin C, folic acid and fiber were significantly higher in the diabetic group compared to those of the non-diabetic group. There was no difference in daily nutrient intake between the hemodialysis weekday and weekend groups. The non-diabetic group had higher calorie and sodium intakes per meal in the hemodialysis weekday group, but the difference was not significant. Based on these results, intervention should be performed to improve nutritional status in consideration of diabetes and dietary patterns.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.239-262
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• 2021

The Korean Medical Journal (1930-1937) is the first Korean medical journal published by The Korean Medical Association, which Korean doctors established to resist Japanese medical organizations during the Japanese colonial period. Using the bibliometric research method for The Korean Medical Journal, this study aimed to analyze the journal as follows. First, the study analyzed the subject trends of medical research by extracting the MeSH terms from the title of the articles. Next, the study identified characteristics of authors, type of language used in the papers, publication year and countries of references included in the papers. Also, this study identified the researchers' interests by analyzing the frequency of keywords appearing in the roundtable titles. As a result of the research, infections, pathological symptoms and diseases of the digestive system were studied most often. Most authors belonged to Severance Union Medical College, and internal medicine and general surgery departments had the most authors. Most of the titles and texts of the papers were written in Korean and Chinese characters in combination. Of the 131 papers, only 40 contained abstracts, 22 of which were English abstracts, the most number. The study analyzed 1,103 references in the papers and found that the authors mainly cited the latest journals published in Japan, Germany, and the United States. The topics discussed the most in the roundtable talks were tuberculosis, neurasthenia, and gonorrhea in order. This research examined the history of the publication of The Korean medical journal. Also, it showed that Korean doctors accumulated their academic medical research results and contributed to improving medical conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.217-228
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• 2019

There have been no published studies concerning the anti-inflammatory effects of corn silk on colon cancer cells. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of corn silk extract containing high levels of maysin on inflammation and its mechanism of action in colon cancer cells. SW 480 human colon cancer cells were treated with $1{\mu}g/mL$ of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation, and next they were treated with different concentrations of corn silk extract (0, 5, 10 and $15{\mu}g/mL$). The concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) were determined. The mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), interleukin-1beta ($IL-1{\beta}$) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were determined. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the protein expressions of nuclear factor-kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) and mitogen-activated protein kinases, and the latter consists of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAP kinase (p38). The concentration of NO and the mRNA expression of iNOS were significantly and dose-dependently decreased in the corn silk-treated groups (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 were significantly increased in the LPS-treated group (P<0.05), but these expressions were significantly and dose-dependently decreased in the corn silk treated groups (P<0.05). The protein expressions of $NF-{\kappa}B$ (in a dose-dependent fashion), ERK (at 10 and $15{\mu}g/mL$), JNK (at $15{\mu}g/mL$) and p38 (at 10 and $15{\mu}g/mL$) were significantly decreased with corn silk treatments (P<0.05). In conclusion, corn silk extract containing high levels of maysin seems to inhibit the LPS-induced inflammatory responses in SW480 colon cancer cells via the $NF-{\kappa}B$ pathway.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.248-262
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• 2021

This study examined the effect of the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet of the Korean multi-domain dementia prevention program on the cognitive functions of the elderly with dementia risk factors. We developed the program including nutrition, exercise, cognitive training, vascular disease prevention, and motivation. One- hundred and fifty-three participants aged 60~79 years with at least 1 dementia risk factor were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to the facility-based intervention (FMI), home-based intervention (HMI), and the control group. The nutrition education program consisted of 10 classes over 24 weeks: the FMI received 7 group sessions and three 1:1 sessions, the HMI received 4 group sessions and three 1:1 sessions with 3 homework sessions. The Nutrition Quotient for Elderly (NQ-E) and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) were used to evaluate nutritional status. The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), and the Cognitive Complaint Interview (CCI) were used to evaluate cognitive functions. A total of 136 people completed the program with an 11.1% dropout rate. The NQ-E (P=0.009) and RBANS (P=0.001) scores significantly increased in the FMI (N=45) and HMI (N=49) groups compared to the control group (N=42) after the study. The changes in the score of MNA and CCI did not differ significantly between groups. In conclusion, the nutritional intervention which focused on the MIND diet as a part of a multi-domain intervention program had a positive effect on the improvement of healthy eating habits and cognitive function scores in the high-risk dementia group.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.85-99
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• 2022

Recently, environmental issues have become serious, and Jeju Island is promoting a pilot project of a smart collection system(waste weight-based collection system) at clean houses in Yongdam 1-dong. However, the new system faced an opposition from elderly residents who were not accustomed to using machines or smart devices. In order to solve this problem, it was intended to suggest policies related to this by conducting environmental education and identifying problems with the effect of environmental education awareness through data analysis method. The results showed positive answers in most of the satisfaction and achievement evaluations, but it is also true that most of the residents need to be educated and more information should be given. In order to vitalize education, it is important to increase the number of instructors and support them to increase their expertise. It is also important to take a practical process that strengthens public relations, shares information, and links with the local community to increase the actual participation of local residents. In addition, it is critical to secure a budget from local governments to maintain education and public awareness, and it will be helpful to link with talent donation projects in the region.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.943-952
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• 2022

As a test for diagnosing fatty liver, recently, ultrasound and blood exam are being performed simultaneously. In particular, in the case of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in blood exam, it is used as an index indicating the level of inflammation in various parts of the body as well as cardiovascular diseases. Thus, this study was conducted to analyze the association between metabolic syndrome components, liver function, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels according to the degree of nonalcoholic fatty liver, and use it as a clinical indicator for fatty liver diagnosis. Metabolic syndrome components, liver function and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein blood test values analyzed from 1,139 men and women over 20 years of age with nonalcoholic fatty liver in abdominal ultrasonography from March 2021 to August 2021 at the Korea Association of Health Promotion, Gwangju-Jeonnam Branch. Analyzed for all men and women, the blood test values for subjects with mild fatty liver were AST 30 U/L, ALT 32.1 U/L, γ-GTP 41.2 IU/L, and hs-CRP 0.14 mg/dL. These values were lower than the blood test values of subjects with moderate fatty liver (AST 38 U/L, ALT 47.6 U/L, γ-GTP 54.9 IU/L, hs-CRP 0.22 mg/dL) and was statistically significant (p<0.001). In this case of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein test, it is statistically significant, showing higher values in Subjects with moderate fatty liver than Subjects with mild fatty liver. thus, it is considered that hs-CRP can be used as clinical data for the prevention and management of fatty liver.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.281-292
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• 2022

The lower elementary school grades are an important period in which eating habits are formed. We examined the relationship between eating habits and school meal intake in the lower grades of an elementary school in Seoul. The eating habits were investigated using the Nutrition Quotient (NQ) for children. The school meal intake rates and preferred menus were obtained by automatically scanning the plate before and after meals using an artificial intelligence food scanner. The average school meal intake rate for the 347 subjects was 68.5±12.2%, and the nutrient intakes through the school meals were 353.5±70.0 kcal of energy, 51.8±10.2 g of carbohydrates, 14.6±3.1 g of proteins, 10.3±2.3 g of fats, 87.0±20.0 mg of calcium, and 1.8±0.4 mg of iron. The preferred menus were rice, grilled food, and dairy products, and non-preferred menus were salad, beverages, and stewed food. The eating habits that showed a positive correlation with the school meal intake rate were 'Diverse side dishes (r=0.332, P<0.001)', 'Vegetable side dishes (r=0.166, P<0.01)', 'Kimchi side dish (r=0.230, P<0.001)' and 'Less TV watching and computer game time (r=0.105, P<0.05)'. The NQ score also showed a positive correlation with the rate of school meal intake (r=0.216, P<0.001). The balance score was positively correlated with fruit (r=0.192, P<0.001), and the diversity score had the highest positive correlation with Kimchi (r=0.362, P<0.001). The regularity score was positively correlated with fried food (r=0.114, P<0.05). In conclusion, it was found that elementary school students in the lower grades had a higher school meal intake rate when their eating habits included eating side dishes evenly, and consuming vegetable side dishes and Kimchi.