• 발명특허
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• v.4 no.4 s.38
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• pp.17-18
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• 1979

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.1-24
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• 2009

As commercial use of genetic resources increases in modern society, calls for fair and equitable sharing of the benefits thereof have become increasingly prominent, particularly from developing countries. As a result, negotiations have been ongoing for the "International Regime on Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS)" for genetic resources as a successor to the non-binding Bonn Guideline. 2010 has been set as the target date for the Agreement. As South Korea is more likely to be a user country of genetic resources, it will be necessary for it to take part in the negotiating process and contribute to creating the International Regime on ABS, to ensure both appropriate access to genetic resources and fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising there from. To develop appropriate response strategies for South Korea, it is critical not only to closely examine the negotiations within the framework of the CBD but also to engage in discussions within thescope of related international organizations and domestic legislation. To achieve this goal, it is imperative for South Korea to form a comprehensive Government Response System, composed of relevant governmental bodies including the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, and the Ministry of Environment, etc.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.135-150
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• 2010

This paper focuses on finding out which covenants are different among the concession agreements of Korean BTO projects and how these influenced IRR(Internal Rate of Return). That is, to figure out the political and economical determinants of IRR by analyzing the concession agreements which are the basic contract of implementing projects. As IRR is an index of profitability, so spread is an indicator of risk to collect debts. That's the reason why the analysis of spread is included. For the empirical analysis, the data of concession agreements for 75 projects and financial models are used. These 75 concession agreements are contracted from 1995 to 2008. The dependent variables are after tax nominal IRR and the spread of long term interest rates of 75 BTO projects. The independent variables are project's proceeding factors, the feasibility variables, the variables related to financial character and the variables related to covenants or the government's policy. The analysis shows that IRR has been influenced by the equity level of financial investors, the national government managed projects, the projects with minimum revenue guarantee (MRG), etc. And the equity level of financial investors, the national government managed projects and the implementation of supplementary project have an effect on spread also.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.54
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• pp.1-44
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• 2016

Using the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child(UNCRC) as a frame of reference, this study examined South and North Korean children's rights as reported in the UNCRC and the pattern of changes in the reports depending on the period in which the reports were written. For this purpose, we reviewed Article 1 of the Convention to see what age range the South and North Korean governments, respectively, specify to define a child. We also analyzed the method and attitude of how each Korean government acknowledges the rights of children in the four general principles of the Convention("non-discrimination", "the best interests of the child", "the right to life, survival, and development" and "respect for the views of the child"). The results showed that there was asymmetric content between South and North Korea in the four general principles of the Convention. Both South and North Korea lack a sense of respect for the views of children. There were also differences in the rights of children depending on the distinct characteristics of each Korea. In South Korea, it is important to guarantee the rights of multicultural children and provide a plan for child safety. On the other hand, North Korea has emphasized that they provide the necessities of life and free education to children. Both Koreas have continuously submitted their reports and showed improvement in understanding the rights of children in each report. We conclude that it is essential for South and North Korea to build common ground in their respective contents on children and to establish a foundation of normative standards in the path to prepare for reunification. Moreover, we also conclude that South and North Korea should work collaboratively to reach mutual consent to achieve these goals.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.3-30
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• 2011

According to the Article 86 of the United Nations on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS) the provisions of high seas apply to all parts of the sea that are not included in the exclusive economic zone, in the territorial sea or in the internal waters of a State, or in the archipelagic waters of an archipelagic State. Article 87 also stipulates the freedom of the high seas. International laws on the flight over the high seas are found as follows; Firstly, as far as the nationality of the aircraft is concerned, its legal status is quite different from the ship where the flags of convenience can be applied practically. There is no flags of convenience of the aircraft. Secondly, according to the Article 95 of UNCLOS warships on the high seas have complete immunity from the jurisdiction of any State other than the flag State. We can suppose that the military(or state) aircraft over the high seas have also complete immunity from the jurisdiction of any State other than the flag State. Thirdly, according to the Article 101 of UNCLOS piracy consists of any act of voluntary participation in the operation of a ship or of an aircraft with knowledge of facts making it a pirate ship or aircraft. We can conclude that piracy can de done by a pirate aircraft as well as a pirate ship. Fourthly, according to the Article 111 (5) of UNCLOS the right of hot pursuit may be exercised only by warships or military aircraft, or other ships or aircraft clearly marked and identifiable as being on government service and authorized to that effect. We can conclude that the right of hot pursuit may be exercised only military aircraft, or aircraft clearly marked and identifiable as being on government service and authorized to that effect. Fifthly, according to the Article 110 of UNCLOS a warship which encounters on the high seas a foreign ship, is not justified in boarding it unless there is reasonable ground for suspecting that: (a) the ship is engaged in piracy, (b) the ship is engaged in the slave trade, (c) the ship is engaged in an authorized broadcasting and the flag State of the warship has jurisdiction under article 109, (d) the ship is without nationality, or (e) though flying a foreign flag or refusing to show its flag, the ship is, in reality, of the same nationality as the warship. These provisions apply mutatis mutandis to military aircraft. Sixthly, according to the Article 1 (5)(dumping), 212(pollution from or through the atmosphere), 222(enforcement with respect to pollution from or through the atmosphere) of UNCLOS aircraft as well as ship is very much related to marine pollution. Seventhly, as far as the crime on board aircraft over the high seas is concerned 1963 Convention on the Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft(Tokyo Convention) will be applied, and as for the hijacking over the high seas 1970 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft(Hague Convention) and as for the sabotage over the high seas 1971 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Civil Aviation(Montreal Convention) will be applied respectively. These three conventions recognize the flag state jurisdiction over the crimes on board aircraft over the high seas. Eightly, as far as reconnaissance by foreign aircraft in the high seas toward the coastal States is concerned it is not illegal in terms of international law because its act is done in the high seas. Ninthly as for Air Defence Identification Zone(ADIZ) there are no articles dealing with it in the 1944 Chicago Convention. The legal status of the foreign aircraft over this sea zone might be restricted to the regulations of the coastal states whether this zone is legitimate or illegal. Lastly, the Arctic Sea is the frozen ocean. So the flight over that ocean is the same over the high seas. Because of the climate change the Arctic Sea is getting melted. If the coastal states of the Arctic Sea will proclaim the Exclusive Economic Zone(EEZ) as the ocean is getting melted, the freedom of flight over that ocean will also be restricted to the regulations of the coastal states.

• Nuclear industry
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.77-78
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• 2017

태양과 바람은 화석 연료를 완전히 대체할 수 없기 때문에 원자력은 기후 변화와의 싸움에서 필수적인 요소이다. 도널드 트럼프 미 대통령이 파리 기후협약 탈퇴를 선언한 이후, 미국 내 12개 주 주지사들은 즉시 독단적인 기후변화방지 정책 행보를 표명했다. 주지사들이 채택한 정책 행보는 다양하나, 최근 여러 연구에 따르면 미국이 보유한 가장 풍부하고 안전한 에너지인 원자력발전소 가동이 가장 경제적이며 확실한 탄소 배출 감소 대책이다.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2018.06a
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• pp.60-60
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• 2018

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.231-241
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• 2002

에너지는 난방, 전력공급 등을 위한 생활에너지로, 또 산업 및 수송에 있어서는 생산요소의 하나로 경제성장에 있어서 중요한 역할을 하는 등 여러 가지 면에서 중요한 의미를 지닌다. 최근 환경에 대한 관심이 국제적으로 대두되면서 우리나라 역시 각종 국제환경협약에 참여하고 있다. 기후변화협약과 같은 국제환경규제가 발효될 경우 온실가스류의 발생원천 중에 상당 부분을 차지하는 에너지는 환경과도 긴밀한 관계를 가지고 있다.(중략)

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.19 no.6 s.90
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• pp.55-65
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• 2004

인터넷 확산과 함께 다양한 통신 서비스가 활성화 됨에 따라 인터넷이 정보화의 새로운 수단으로 부상하고 있다. 그러나 통신 서비스의 양적 증가와 더불어 질적인 향상도 더욱 요구되는데, 아직까지는 통신서비스의 품질에 대한 지침과 기준이 미비한 실정이다. 근래에 들어 서비스수준협약(SLA)이라는 용어가 관심을 끌고 있다. 본 고에서는 SLA 개요, 필요성, 제공 방안 및 국내외 SLA 동향과 끝으로 표준화 및 추후발전방향에 관한 주요 사항들을 살펴본다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.85-87
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• 2015

선박에서의 음용수는 승무원들에게 중요한 사항이다. ILO 국제협약에 따르면 "선박에 공급되는 식량과 청수는 선박 내에 근무하는 선원의 수, 식량과 관계 된 종교적 요구사항 및 사회적 관례 그리고 항해 기간 및 특징을 고려하여 양, 영양가, 품질 및 다양성의 점에서 적절하여야 한다."라고 되어 있어 이 내용은 너무 포괄적이고 양질의 청수에 대한 구체적인 내용이 미흡하다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 음용수에 대한 최소한의 기준 마련을 제시할 목적으로 음용수와 관련한 국제협약, 국내외의 법률 등을 살펴보고 음용수의 공급, 관리 등에 대한 개선방안을 제시하고자 한다.