• Title/Summary/Keyword: 혐기성 분해

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Effect of Heat Treatment on Biohydrogen Production from Food Waste (음식폐기물의 생물학적 수소 발효시 열처리 효과)

  • Lee, Chae-Young;Park, In-Geun
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.81-88
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    • 2010
  • Characteristic of hydrogen production was investigated to find the optimum heat pretreatment conditions for the anaerobic fermentation of food waste. The heat pretreatment of food waste enhanced the hydrogen yield due to the increase of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and carbohydrate content. This result revealed that the maximum degrees of disintegration of SCOD and carbohydrate content were 55.1% and 223.6%, respectively. On the other hand, the improvement of hydrogen yield was insignificantly affected by heating reaction time at longer than 20 min; the increase of hydrogen yield was only about 7% between 20min and 1 hour. Therefore, the increase of reaction time more than 20min was not necessary.

Studies on the Clostridium bovis sp. nov., the predominant species isolated from the feces of Holstein cattle (홀스타인 젖소의 분변에서 우세균종으로 분리되는 새로운 Clostridium bovis 에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Wan-kyu
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.99-105
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    • 1994
  • Clotridium bovis sp. nov, is described on the basis of 5 strains isolated from the feces of Holstein cattle. The isolate are gram-positive, motile, strict anaerobic spore forming rods. They differ from all the validly described related species of the genus Clostridium in carbohydrate fermentation pattern, G+C mol% and DNA homologies. Acid is produced from arabinose, xylose, glucose, mannose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, lactose, trehalose, melibiose, raffinose, inulin and salicin. Major end products in PYFG broth are large amounts of butyric acid and lactic acid, and trace amounts of acetic and succinic acids. The G+C mol% of DNA from the type strain is 26 mol%. The type strain of Clostridium bovis is Catt $66^T$ strain.

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The study on increasing of biodegradability by pre-treatment of municipal wasted sludge in anaerobic digestion process (도시하수슬러지의 전처리에 따른 혐기성 소화공정의 생분해율 향상에 관한 연구)

  • Kang, Chang-Min
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.87-95
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    • 2002
  • The slow degradation rate of sludge in anaerobic digestion is due to rate-limiting step of sludge hydrolysis. To upgrading of sludge hydrolysis and biodegradabiliry, the pre-treatment had been carried out using acidlc (pH 1.5, 3, 4, 5) and alkaline (pH 9, 10, 13), thermal (50, 100, 150, $200^{\circ}C$), and ultrasonic treatment (400W, 20kHz, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90min). In the best conditions of each treatment, the Soluble SCOD Ratio(%)of treated/untreated sample were increased 102% in acid (pH5), 986% in alkali (pH 13), 595% in thermal ($200^{\circ}C$) and 1123% in ultrasonic (35min) treatment. As the result, the ultrasonic treatment was most effective, followed by alkali, thermal, acid treatment. In the effects of total gas productivity in vial test, the thermal ($200^{\circ}C$) pre-treatment was the highest, followed by thermal ($150^{\circ}C$), ultrasonic (90min), alkaline (pH 9), and ultrasonic (50min). We compared untreated samples and the most efficient pre-treatment samples(at $200^{\circ}C$, for 30min) on gas productivity with changes of HRT in continuous experiments IN thermal treated samples were 2.5 times in SCOD, 2 times in soluble protein and 3.3 times high in soluble carbohydrate than untreated ones. In gas productivity, the thermal treated samples were average 2 times high than untreated ones. And HRT 7 days was most effective. followed by HRT 10, HRT 15 days. But The gas productiviry of HRT 2.5 days was less than untreated, the reason of low gas productivity was come from high organic acids accumulation within reactor.

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characteristic of foaming in nitritation reactor using anaerobic digester supernatant and livestock wastewater (혐기 소화 상징액과 가축 분뇨를 대상으로 한 아질산화 반응조 내 foaming 특성)

  • Im, Jiyeol;Gil, Kyungik
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.433-441
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    • 2014
  • It has been known that sewage containing high-concentration nitrogen affects the efficiency of municipal wastewater treatment plants harmfully. Therefore, research has been actively conducted to treat sewage containing high-concentration nitrogen. The current study has analyzed organic compounds, conducted foaming tests, and operated a laboratory-level nitritation reactor with the subjects of anaerobic digester supernatant and livestock wastewater which are the typical kinds of sewage containing high-concentration nitrogen. According to the results of analyzing organic compounds, soluble inert components form the largest part of anaerobic digester supernatant while particle biodegradable components occupy the most part of livestock wastewater. About the retention time proper for the reaction of nitritation, anaerobic digester supernatant shows 2 days while livestock wastewater indicates 6 days. It seems that the difference in the proper retention time is resulted from the difference of properties in organic compounds and ammonium nitrogen concentration. In addition, livestock wastewater's reactor foam is generated comparatively more than anaerobic digester supernatant's, but it tends to be eliminated faster. It is expected that the findings of this study can be utilized as foundational data afterwards in applying the reaction of nitritation to municipal wastewater treatment plants.

Effect of Wet Milling on Scum Generation and Solubilization in Batch Ozone Reaction Using Digested Sludge (소화슬러지를 이용한 회분식 오존반응 시 습식분쇄가 스컴 생성과 가용화에 미치는 영향)

  • Hong, Seong-Min;Lee, Dong-Hoon;Kim, Choong-Gon;Shin, Hyun-Gon
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.13-18
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    • 2019
  • Sewage sludge treatment is increasing every year due to improvement of living and urbanization. However, interest in anaerobic digestion which is one of the recycling technology. There is anaerobic digestion of increasing due to limitations of ocean dumping and final disposal. But, the limit of anaerobic digestion efficiency due to the advanced treatment of sewage has been limited, and studies for solubilization technology have been actively conducted. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the variation of generation of scum and the solubilization efficiency in the application of pre-treatment of ozone reaction and the change of properties of digested sludge with wet milling. There are results of VS/TS increased by 4.4% and $SCOD_{cr}/TCOD_{cr}$ increased by 9.4% by wet milling alone. In addition, the increase of the specific surface area due to which the reduction of the particle size of the solid content of the sludge in the ozone reaction caused by wet milling decreased the generation rate of scum at 14.3% and increased VS/TS at 2.1%, compared with the ozone reaction alone. From these results, it is expected that the application of wet milling can be increased the contact efficiency with solids in the sludge during ozone reaction with suppress scum and increase the efficiency of the subsequent process in anaerobic digestion.

Continuous Mesophilic-Dry Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Solid Waste (유기성고형폐기물의 연속 중온 건식혐기성소화)

  • Oh, Sae-Eun;Lee, Mo-Kwon;Kim, Dong-Hoon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.31 no.5
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    • pp.341-345
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    • 2009
  • Continuous dry anaerobic digestion of organic solid wastes (30% TS, Total Solids) comprised of food waste and paper was performed under mesophilic condition. During the operation, hydraulic retention time (HRT) was decreased as follows: 150 d, 100 d, 60 d, and 40 d, which corresponded to the solid loading rate of 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, and 7.5 kg TS/$m^3$/d, respectively. Volumetric biogas production rate ($m^3$/$m^3$/d) increased as HRT decreased, and the highest biogas production rate of 3.49${\pm}$0.31 $m^3$/$m^3$/d was achieved at 40 d of HRT. At this HRT, high volatile solids (VS) reduction of 76% was maintained, and methane production yield of 0.25 $m^3$/kg $TS_{added}$ was achieved, indicating 67.4% conversion of organic solid waste to bioenergy. The highest biogas production yield of 0.52 $m^3$/kg $TS_{added}$ was achieved at 100 d of HRT, but it did not change much with respect to HRT. For the ease feed pumping, some amount of digester sludge was recycled and mixed with fresh feed to decrease the solid content. Recirculation volume of 5Q was found to be the optimal in this experimental condition. Specific methanogenic activity (SMA) of microorganisms at mesophilic-dry condition was 2.66, 1.94, and 1.20 mL $CH_4$/g VS/d using acetate, butyrate, and propionate as a substrate, respectively.

Forage Preservation (조사료 조제 및 저장)

  • 신정남
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.134-140
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    • 1992
  • 사일리지의 사양가치에 가장 크게 영향을 미치는 요인은 사초의 종류에 기인되는 화학조성분이며 사일리지를 적기에 제조하므로 단위면적당 최고의 양분수량을 거둘 수 있다. 유기산의 생성량이 많고 낙산이나 암모니아태질소의 함량이 많으면 사일리지의 품질이 떨어지고 섭취량이 감소되므로 사일리지 품질 증진을 위한 연구방향은 발효를 감소시키고 단백질의 분해를 막는 것이다. 사일리지의 발효에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인으로는 사초의 화학조성분인 수분, 수용성탄수화물 등과 제조기술에 크게 좌우되는 공기(산소)혼입량이다. 재료의 수분함량은 사일리지 발효품질에 큰 영향을 미치며 수분이 많은 재료는 적당히 예건되면 젖산발효는 덜 제한되는 반면 불필요한 발효가 줄어들고 낙산발효를 억제할 수 있어 품질이 향상되고 기호성이 증진된다. 또한 사초를 알맞은 길이로 절단하므로 답압이 잘되어 공기 배출이 양호해 혐기상태의 유지가 가능하게 되고 사일리지의 취급또한 편리해 진다. 사일리지 첨가제는 재료를 적절히 예건하지 못할 때 필요하고 또한 특별한 조건하에서는 권장되고 있다. 이와같이 사일리지 발효에 도움을 준다는 가능성에도 불구하고 첨가제의 잇점은 양질 사일리지 제조를 위한 제반 처리를 대신할 수 없다. 양건 건초제조에 소요되는 기간은 기후에 크게 영향을 받게 된다. 건초제조 과정 중 포장에서 생기는 건물손실은 외기에 오랫동안 노출되면 잎이나 연한 줄기 부분이 부서지고 카로틴이 파괴된다. 또한 말리는 과정에 비를 맞힐 경우 양분이 용해되어 소화되기 쉬운 영양소와 건물 손실이 증가되며 섬유소함량이 증가되어 소화율과 섭취량이 감소된다. 그러므로 일기 예보에 따라 좋은 날씨가 $3\sim4$일 계속되는 시기를 택하여 적기 수확하고, 줄기의 압쇄(condition), 건조시 풀의 두께를 얇게, 뒤집기, 적절한 수분함량일 때 거둬들이는 조치가 필요하다.

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The Study of TCE Dechlorination using Geobacter lovleyi with Slow Release Substrate Applied (Slow Release Substrate를 이용한 Geobacter lovleyi의 TCE 탈염소화 연구)

  • Cha, Jae Hun;An, Sang Woo;Park, Jae Woo;Chang, Soon Woong
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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    • v.13 no.9
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    • pp.53-59
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    • 2012
  • This study investigated characteristics of decomposition of tetrabutoxysilane (TBOS) as a slow release substrate (SRS) and on effect of TBOS decompostion compounds (acetate and butylate) for anaerobic dechlorination of trichloroethylene (TCE). In the batch experiment, TCE, cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE), 1-butanol and TBOS were analysed by GC/FID and acetate and butylate were measured by HPLC. 1M of TBOS transferred and accumulated 4M of 1-butanol by abiotically hydrolysis reaction. The hydrolysis rate was in a range of 0.186 ${\mu}M/day$. On other hand, 1-butanol fermented to butyrate and acetate with indigenous culture from natural sediments. This results showed that TBOS could be used a slow release substrate in the natural sites. The dechlorinated potential of TCE with acetate and butyrate was increased with a decreasing initial TCE concentrations. In addition, first order coefficients of dechlorination with acetate as electron donor was higher then that with butyrate. It is because that dechlorination of Geobacter lovleyi was affected by substrate affinity, biodegradability and microbial acclimation on various substrates. However, dechlorinated potential of Geobacter lovleyi was decreased with accumulation cis-DCE in the anaerobic decholoronation process. The overall results indicated that SRS with Geobacter lovleyi might be a promising material for enhancing dechlorination of TCE on natural site and cis-DCE should be treated by ZVI as reductive material or by coexisting other dechlorinated bacteria.

The Biological and Biochemical Characteristics of Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolated from Diseased Cultured Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (양식 넙치에서 분리한 Staphylococcus epidermidis의 생물학적 및 생화학적 특성)

  • Sim, Doo-Saing;Jung, Sung-Hee;Park, Hyung-Sook;Chun, She-Kyu
    • Journal of fish pathology
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.23-36
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    • 1994
  • A total of 8 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated in land-marine tank system of Kyongnam and Kyongbuk. Prefecture were tested for the biological and biochemical characteristics. These strains were isolated from pathologic specimens of cultured flounder. Paralichthys olivaceus. Growth of the isolates was good on BHIA, HIA. Staphylococcus No. 110 and ETGP. Growth was good at NaCl concentration between 2.0 and 3.0%, about $30^{\circ}C$ and at pH values about 7.0. DNase and coagulase production were negative, and all isolates except FSJ-2 strain were positive in hemolysis. Urease was positive reaction, and novobiocin resistance was negative. Acid was produced anaerobically from glucose and maltose. All isolates except FSJ-19 strain produced weakly were negative in anaerobic acid production from mannitol. Acid was produced aerobically from glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, maltose and dextrine. But all isolates were not gas production. In characterization of clinically isolates, four different biotype codes were obtained when the all isolated were tested simultaneously. Four different antibiotic susceptibility patterns were obtained. On the basis of these characteristics, the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis.

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Characteristics of DOC Release from Sediment in Eutrophic Lake (부영양호 퇴적층으로부터 용존유기물의 용출특성)

  • Park, Je-Chul
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.36 no.3 s.104
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    • pp.304-310
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    • 2003
  • This study was conducted to estimate the internal dissolved organic carbon (DOC) loading from sediment in eutrophic shallow Lake Kasumigaura. Contents of water and organic carbon were about 80% and 6.3% with depth in the sediment, respectively. The highest DOC concentration in porewater (104 mg C/l) was observed in September suggesting that the porewater could play an important role as an internal loading of DOC. Results of DOC release experiments showed that the labile-DOC (L-DOC) release was not detected in the oxic condition, while refractory-DOC(R-DOC) release was detected. The L-DOC and R-DOC release rates in the anoxic codition ranged from 14.5${\sim}$ 48.6, 14.4 ${\sim}$27.3 mgC $m^{-2}$ $d^{-2}$, respectively. The current study showed that L-DOC released in the oxic condition was rapidly utilized by aerobic bacteria, in contrast, L-DOC and R-DOC released in anoxic codition were slowly utilized by anaerobic bacteria. These results suggested that L-DOC and R-DOC were closely related to sediment release and most of the R-DOC released could be an important source of DOC in eutrophic lakes during summer. Therefore, R-DOC pool should be added as one of the important energy source for microbial-based aquatic food webs in eutrophic lakes.