• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.291-297
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• 1995

The objectives of this study is to compare the inhibitory mechanism of sodium nitroprusside and forskolin on the phorbol ester, activator of protein kinase C (PKC), -induced contractions in rat aorta. $0.1\;{\mu}M$ phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu) induced sustained contractions and increased phosphorylations of myosin light chain (MLC) time-dependently. At 30 min, the contractions and phosphorylations of MLC by PDBu were augmented maximally and remained constant. Moreover, $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ uptake was increased 30 min after PDBu stimulation from resting values. Sodium nitroprusside which activates guanylyl cyclase followed by increasing cGMP, inhibited the PDBu-induced contractions concentration-dependently. On the other hand, forskolin which activates adenylyl cyclase followed by increasing cAMP, also inhibited the PDBu-induced contractions concentration-dependently. However, sodium nitroprusside was more potent to inhibition of the PDBu-induced contractions than forskolin. Sodium nitroprusside inhibited $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ uptake by PDBu stimulation. Forskolin also inhibited $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ uptake by PDBu stimulation. Sodium nitroprusside and forskolin inhibited the phosphorylations of MLC by PDBu, respectively. However, sodium nitroprusside was more potent to inhibition of phosphorylations of MLC by PDBu than forskolin. From these results, Sodium nitroprusside via cGMP or forskilin via cAMP may reduce myoplasmic $Ca^{2+}$ followed by suppression of phosphorylations of MLC of PKC-mediated contractions, which results in vasodilation. However, cGMP may play a role more importantly than cAMP on the regulation of protein kinase C-mediated contraction in vascular smooth muscle.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.525-530
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• 2011

Emotion is composed of various feelings such as pleasure, sorrow, comfortability, and so on. The complicated process of the measurement has long been recognized as a major hindrance for the studies of emotion. Previously, individuals' emotion has mainly been measured by means of self-report, interview, EEG (electroencephalogram), ECG (electrocardiogram), EOG (electroculography), and body temperature. With thanks to nano/micro technologies, the possibility in the development of emotion-on-a-chip (EOC) has begun to be proposed. EOC will make it possible to analyze one's psychological status by taking a drop of blood. Discovery of emotional biomarkers in body fluids, understanding of the correlation between those biomarkers and the results from brain science are prerequisites to validate the EOC technology. In this paper, paper microfluidics are introduced as a good candidate for the EOC. As paper microfluidics is cost-effective and easy to use it is expected to be a useful device for the emotion measurement. We present the design and fabrication process for the simple paper-based microfluidic device and discuss the possible application in the field of measuring the human emotion.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.418-424
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• 2015

In this study, we proceed if there are any changes in binding ability of receptor-ligand in some degree of SA and in radioactive uptake from the corpus striatum based on small animal experiment in vivo based on the S.A values. By dividing 18F-Fallypride into 3 S.A values(high S.A : 43.29~74 GBq/umol, ordinary S.A : 20.72~29.23 GBq/umol, low S.A : 6.29~8.51 GBq/umol), we injected directly into the veins and performed 90 minutes of dynamic scan using Micro PET. After scanning, we compared and analyzed with Binding Potential (Binding Potential) from the bilateral striatum. high SA and low SA, ordinary SA and low SA showed significant differences. Also, in the image comparison using 18F-Fallypride show high radioactive uptake in the striatum at high SA and ordinary SA, but the radioactive uptake at low SA is lower than other two SA. Since 18F-Fallypride has affinity to dopamine D2/3 pharmacokinetic, the difference of Binding Potentials at decreased level of SA values was not that significant. However, further PET research of the corpus striatum using 18F-Fallypride is necessary because the differences in images and Binding Potentials at 6.5 times smaller SA values compared to high SA value showed were significant.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1226-1229
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• 1998

50 days old, 4.5kg male patient was admitted at department of pediatrics due to congenital heart disease with congestive heart failure. The echocardiographic finding was perimembranous type ventricular septal defect. The patient underwent open heart surgery for patch closure of VSD. Immediately postoperatively, junctional ectopic tachycardia developed and the patient was in hemodynamically unstable state with decreased urine output. We used inotropics, digitalis and diuretics, however these treatments were not effective in recovering the unstable state. Therefore, we tried a mild hypothermic treatment(34℃). During the POD #2, mild hypothermia method was repeated four times. The junctional ectopic tachycardia was converted to normal sinus rhythm, hemodynamic state was stable, and urine output was increased. The patient was discharged at POD #8.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.492-496
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• 2009

Background: The treatment of acute pulmonary embolism is difficult, and it can be lethal when cardiogenic shock is involved with major pulmonary embolism. In the past, pulmonary embolectomy was considered as the last choice for patients with pulmonary embolism. Accordingly, we analyzed our experience with seven cases of pulmonary embolectomy as an alternative option for the early treatment of pulmonary embolism. Material and Method: A retrospective analysis of medical charts of all patients who underwent pulmonary embolectomy at our hospital over the past eight years was performed. The patients were observed during their hospital stay and followed until their last visit to the outpatient department. Result: Among 7 patients (4 men and 3 women), 4 had massive pulmonary embolism, and 3 had sub massive pulmonary embolism. An extracorporeal membrane oxygenator was inserted in 3 patients before surgery. There was no mortality, and postoperative echocardiography showed no pulmonary hypertension in 6 patients. Conclusion: Pulmonary embolectomy can be performed with minimal mortality. We think that the use of an extracorporeal membrane oxygenator in patients with cardiogenic shock before surgery improves survival.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.387-393
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• 2010

Background: The aims of the present study were to assess and compare mid-term clinical outcomes including recurrences between endovenous laser therapy (EVLT) and stripping. Material and Method: Between January 2007 and February 2010, 318 limbs in 237 patients with saphenous truncal varicosities were treated by laser energy using a 980 nm diode or were treated with conventional stripping. At the initial visit and at 1, 2, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months postoperatively, clinical examination and questioning for Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) as well as duplex ultrasonography were done. In order to compare clinical outcomes between the two treatment groups, EVLT versus stripping, all data were processed and analyzed. Result: There were no significant differences between the two treatment groups in the extent of the reflux and the number of insufficient perforating veins. The in EVLT and the stripping group at 12 months were $90.3{\pm}4.5%$ and $93.9{\pm}4.2%$, respectively (p>0.05). Total recurrence rates were 4.4% in the EVLT group and 1.5% in the stripping group (p>0.05). In both groups, the VCSS scores were significantly reduced at week 1, 1 month, and 2 months after EVLT or stripping (p<0.001). Conclusion: Efficiency in eliminating truncal saphenous vein incompetence and reducing venous clinical severity were equal in the two treatment groups.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.317-322
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• 2016

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is widely used in endodontic therapy as a pulp-capping material, root or furcal perforation repair material, and for apexification and obturation of the root canal system. The purpose of this study was to formally document cases of MTA application in South Korean children and adolescents. Through this research, the practice of using MTA will be introduced and familiarized to the clinical practitioners. This study involved endodontic treatment using MTA for fractured crowns in 11- and 12-year-old. The children were followed up for 12 months until the pulp vitality was confirmed; in young permanent teeth with immature roots, the pulp is integral to the process of apexogenesis. These observational results regarding the use of MTA as an apexification material in non-vital immature permanent incisors appear to provide promising results in the search for new materials to meet existing endodontic needs.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.659-663
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• 2002

The objective of this study was to assess the usefulness of bone scans in routine preoperative examinations of patients with newly diagnosed non-small cell lung carcinoma. Material and Method: We reviewed the medical records of 258 patients who were newly diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer in our hospital between January 2000 and December 2000. More than half of the patients (132) were deemed to be inoperable due to their advanced stage based on the CT scans. The remaining 126 patients were considered potentially operable. For these patients, clinical evaluation including the presence of bone pain, serum alkaline phosphatase, and calcium levels was used as clinical predictors of bone metastasis. All patients received bone scans. Bone X-rays, MRI or bone biopsy were performed to confirm the presence of bone metastasis. The usefulness of the bone scan was evaluated by comparing its power of predicting bone metastasis to that of the clinical information. Result: In all patients, the positive and negative predictive values of bone scans for the bone metastasis were 44%, and 99%, respectively. Those of the clinical information were 38% , and 94%. However, in potentially operable patients, the negative predictive value of the clinical information was as high as 99%. Conclusion: If newly diagnosed non-small cell lung cancer patients are presented as potentially operable on the basis of CT scan with no clinical evidence of distant metastases, curative resection could be considered without performing routine bone scans because of the low probability of bone metastasis. However, if there are positive clinical findings, further evaluations, including bone scan should be followed as metastasis will be documented in more than 30% of patients.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.35-40
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• 2020

Recently, devices such as smart watches capable of measuring small biosignals have been released. Body composition, blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation can be easily obtained. However, the part that is not trusted by the user is accuracy. These biosignals are sensitive to the external environment and have large fluctuations depending on the conditions inside the subject's body. Blood pressure measurements, in particular, still give different results, depending on how the conditions in the body are handled. Therefore, in this study, PPG was analyzed to measure PTT at two points of 80% and 100%, the highest in PTT measurement. The effect of the measured value on SBP and DBP was analyzed and a method was proposed to increase the accuracy. As a result of the study, the measured value of PTT at 80% of the peak PPG is more effective in estimating blood pressure of SBP and DBP than the value measured at 100%. In the regression analysis of the rate of change blood pressure estimation, the coefficient of determination of SBP (80%) was 0.6946, and DBP (100%) was 0.547.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1992.05a
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• pp.28-28
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• 1992

브라디키닌은 체내에서 강력한 혈관 확장 작용을 일으키는 autacoid(local hormone)로서 혈압의 항상성 유지, 모세혈관 투과성 증진, 염증 및 통증 반응 등에 관여하고 여러 장관 평활근을 수축시킨다. 또한 septic 혹은 endotoxic shock의 여러 원인 물질로도 생각되어진다. 최근 rhinovirus로 인한 감기의 제증상 원인 물질로도 브라디키닌이 주목을 받고있다. 이와같이 브라디키닌온 다양한 질병에 있어 중요한 원인 물질로 여겨지므로 브라디키닌 길항제들은 한두 질병의 치료제로 개발될 가능성이 높음이 강력히 제시되고 있는 실정이다. 이의 개발을 위해서 브라디키닌 수용체에 대한 연구는 필수적이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 두 부분으로 나누어 진행중인데 첫째, 이제까지 보고된 브라디키닌 길항 물질들은 대부분이 브라디키닌의 특정 아미노산 잔기를 치환시킨 펩타이드 유도체로서 이들을 경구 투여시 peptidase어 의하여 쉽게 분해되고 또한 부분적인 효능제 활성을 갖는 불리한 점을 감안하여, 비펩타이드성 브라디키닌 길항제를 개발할 목적으로 한방 및 민간에서 자주 사용되어온 생약중에 브라디키닌 작용에 선택적 길항효과가 있는 물질을 검색한 바 활성을 보인 황금으로부터 작용 성분을 추적중에 있다. 둘째, 브라디키닌 수용체를 순수하게 분리 정제하기 위한 첫 단계로서 이 수용체의 결합시험(binding assay) 방법을 확립하고 더불어 여러 조직내(흰쥐의 여러 기관, 토끼 및 사람의 신장)의 브라디키닌 수용체의 분포를 파악하는 일이다. 횐쥐 조직의 실험 결과로부터 신장에 브라디키닌 수용체가 많이 분포함을 확인되었고 향후 토끼 신장으로부터 동수용체를 분리하고자 한다. 또한 토끼 신장의 근위세뇨관일차배양세포을 이용하여 브라디키닌의 신장에서의 작용기전도 살펴보고 있다.+}$, $Na^{+}$, NH$_{4}$$^{+}$ 및 H$^{+}$) 수용액 메디움에서의 Cd(II), Mg(II) 및 Zn(II)의 Dowex 1-X8, Cl$^{-}$ 수지에 대한 흡착은 역시 어떤 메디움에서도 Cd(II) 흡착이 제일 크며, 다음이 Zn(II) 이고 착이온을 형성않는 Mg(II)이 제일 작았다. 한편 메디움 종류별 D값의 크기순위는 H$^{+}$>K$^{+}$> $Na^{+}$>NH$_{4}$$^{+}$이였다. 메디움의 종류에 따라 D값의 차이가 나는 것은 금속이온의 착이온 형성과 금속이온의 용액내에서의 이온종의 상태와 관련이 있다고 생각된다. 마. MCl(M:K$^{+}$, $Na^{+}$, NH$_{4}$$^{+}$ 및 H$^{+}$)과 MNO$_{3}$ 용리액에 의한 Cd(II), Mg(II) 및 Zn(II)의 용리는 예상한 바와 같이 MCl에서 작은 Dv 값을 갖는데, 이것은 CdCl$_{4}$$^{2-}$ 착이온을 형성하거나 ZnCl$_{4}$$^{2-}$ , ZnCl$_{3}$$^{-}$같은 이온과 MgCl$^{+}$, MgCl$_{2}$같은 이온종을 형성하기 때문인것 같다. 한편 어떠한 용리액에서던지 NH$_{4}$$^{+}$의 경우