• Title/Summary/Keyword: 현존량

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Biomass Estimation of Phyllostachys pubescens Stands in KFRI, Southern Forest Research Center (맹종죽 시험림의 현존량 추정에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Kwang Soo;Jung, Su Young;Son, Yeong Mo;Lee, Kyeong Hak;Bae, Eun Ji;Yun, Seok Lak
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.101 no.1
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    • pp.138-147
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    • 2012
  • For biomass estimation of Phyllostachys pubescens stands by optimal survey method we established 9 bamboo sample plots in the research forests of KFRI (Korea Forest Research Institute). The dry weight of culm segment determined by relative heights of total bamboo height show us two groups of 1st to 5th culm segment (up to 0~55% culm of tree height from the bottom area) and 6th to 8th culm segment (55~100%) by the results of cluster analysis for dry weight ratio. This results show that upper and lower part of 55~70% reference height from the bottom area against total culm height can be used in obtaining 1 kg of a sample bamboo, respectively, rather than 2.0 m stem segments of other forest tree species. In above-ground biomass estimation by $W=aD+bD^2$ having the highest coefficient of determination in this study, above ground stand biomass was 57.77 ton/ha (culm 40.47 ton/ha, branch 9.29 ton/ha, and leaf 8.01 ton/ha) of which 70% was contributed by culm component followed by branch (16%) and leaf (14%). Below-ground biomass was 53.35 ton/ha in total.

Temporal and Spatial Variation in Species Composition and Abundances of Ichthyoplankton in Masan Bay (마산만에 출현하는 난자치어 종조성과 출현량의 시공간 변동)

  • Kwak, Seok Nam;Park, Joo Myun
    • Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.42-49
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    • 2014
  • A total of 4 pelagic eggs and 24 larval fish species were collected in Masan Bay. Engraulis japonicus eggs predominated in pelagic eggs. Abundant larval fishes were Omobranchus elegans, Scomber japonicus, Acanthogobius flavimanus, Hexagrammos otakii, Repomucenus sp., Scartella cristata and Gobiidae sp., and these 7 species accounted for 78.5% in the total number of individuals. Temporal and spatial variation in both species composition and abundance of was large: the peak abundances of pelagic eggs and larval fishes occurred in July 2007, whilst these were lowest in February 2007. Higher abundance of ichtyoplankton were at station 5 than those of other stations. Temporal changes in the abundances of pelagic eggs and larval fishes corresponded with temperature. Pelagic eggs and larval fishes varied among stations between with shallower inner stations and deeper outer stations with physical characteristics such as depth and local topography.

Seasonal Change of Phytoplankton Community and Water Quality in Yeongsan River Watershed (영산강 수계의 수질과 식물플랑크톤의 계절적 변화)

  • Son, Misun;Park, Jong-Hwan;Lim, Chaehong;Kim, Sekyung;Lim, Byung-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.105-112
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    • 2013
  • Environmental parameters and phytoplankton community structure were investigated at four sites of Yeongsan River between April 2010 and December 2011. The standing crops of the phytoplankton ranged from $275cells{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ to $58,600cells{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ with an average of $5,850cells{\cdot}mL^{-1}$. The dominant species were Cyclotella sp., Stephanodiscus sp., Aulacoseira granulata, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Pediastrum biwae, Coelastrum sp., Aphnizomenon sp., and Oscillatoria sp.. The most dominant species was Stephanodiscus sp.. The concentration of chlorophyll-a ranged from $2.3mg{\cdot}m^{-3}$ to $164.2mg{\cdot}m^{-3}$. The phytoplankton community structure of the survey area was influenced by temperature and rainfall.

Allometric Equations for Estimating the Standing Biomass of Basidiocarps (버섯 자실체의 현존량 추정을 위한 상대생장식)

  • Heo, Eun-Pork;You, Young-Han
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.55-59
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    • 2009
  • The mushroom takes in charge of decomposer in ecosystem and its production is important indicator for sounded ecosystem function. To determine standing crop of basidiocarps(fruit body of mushroom), a weight must be measured by harvesting mushroom individual in the field. But this method has profound affection on the basidiocarps population or its surrounding condition due to habitat destruction. Thus, in this study, without harvesting any mushroom in the field, we developed allometric equation using some morphological parameters to estimate standing crop biomass of basidiocarps. Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Flammulina velutipes and Conocybe tenera were used for allometry. Morphological variables of the mushroom were pileus diameter, pileus area, stipe length and stipe thickness. Consequently, all the experimental mushrooms species showed significantly correlation in biomass estimation of basidiocarps from allometric equation (p<0.05). As a result of this research, the standing biomass of the basidiocarps could be indirectly estimated with proportional expression, allometric equation drived from morphological characters.

Seaweed distribution on the area of artificial reefs in Geumo-do, Yeosu (전남 여수 금오도 인공어초 설치 해역의 해조류 분포)

  • Kim, C.W.;Jeong, D.S.
    • Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.45-56
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    • 2015
  • The distribution of seaweed was examined in Jeonnam archipelago marine ranching area, the coastal of geumo-do, Yosu. Abundance and distribution of seaweed in dropping site of artificial reef were sampled at 6 station at October 2007. Seaweed community were investigated with quadrat method at line-transect by scientific SCUBA divers. as a result, 30 species in total, 4 green, 9 brown and 15 red seaweed were identified. Range of seaweed biomass in all sampling stations were about 1,600~4,000 g/m2. At intertidal zone, appearance of individuals and dominance rate were showed higher than below the subtidal line and at depth from 4m to 6m, individuals, dominance rate and biomass were represented low level. characteristic of water in marine ranching area is turbidity and also compensation depth is low. For that reason, individuals of seaweed community were smaller from depth of 4 meters. Therefore, when equip the artificial reef for preparation of seaweed beds need consider that equipment periods(early spring; before releasing marine seaweed spore) and suitable water depth(3~6m).

황해 동부해역에서 식물플랑크톤 군집의 시공간적 분포에 미치는 환경요인에 관한 연구

  • Park, Seung-Yun;Son, Jae-Gyeong;Yun, Suk-Gyeong;Heo, Seung;Kim, Seong-Jin
    • Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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    • 2007.05a
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    • pp.308-311
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    • 2007
  • 황해의 25개 조사정점의 표층수에 대한 해양환경요인 및 식물플랑크톤 현존량의 월별 조사결과를 종합하여 주성분분석(PCA)을 실시한 결과 주성분 I에서는 변화를 26.6% 설명할 수 있으며, 이중 질산질소가 가장 많이 기여하였고, 이어서 용존무기질소, 규산규소, 수온, 용존산소, 암모니아질소 순으로 기여 하고 있었다. 주성분 II에서는 20.3%를 설명 할 수 있으며, 이중 용존산소가 가장 많이 기여하였고 그 외 엽록소 a, 수온, 염분, 규산규소, 식물플랑크톤 현존량 순으로 기여 하였다. 주성분 III에서는 15.1%를 설명 할 수 있으며, 이중 인산인이 가장 많이 기여하였고 그 외 염분, 아질산질소, 수온, 용존산소, 질산질소, 용존무기질소 순으로 기여하였다. PCA에 이용된 항목 중 부유물질은 제외한 모든 항목은 주성분 I, II, III에 5%이하 유의수준에서 의미 있는 상관성이 있었다. 주성분 I은 질산성질소, 용존무기질소, 규산규소, 인산인과는 긍정적인 상관성(p<0.0001)을 갖고, 수온, 암모니아질소와는 부정적인 상관성을 보였다(p<0.001). 주성분 II에서는 용존산소, 엽록소 a, 식물플랑크톤 현존량은 긍정적 상관성을 나타내었고, 수온, 염분, 규산규소와는 부정적인 상관성을 보였으며(p<0.0001), 주성분 III에서는 염분, 수온, 질산질소, 용존무기질소, 식물플랑크톤 현존량과는 긍정적인 상관성(P<0.0001)을 나타내었고 인산인, 아질산질소, 용존산소는 부정적인 상관성을 나타내었다 (p<0.01). 공간적인 분포특성은 조사정점에 따라 항목별 결과에 대한 분산이 커서 일정한 특성을 도출하기가 어려운 상태이나 대체로 PCA II축을 기준으로 상부인 $1/4{\sim}2/4$분면에 북부와 중부의 조사정점이 위치하고 음의 방향인 $3/4{\sim}4/4$분면에 중부와 남부의 조사정점이 위치하고 있어 북측의 307선과 308선 및 중부의 309선과 310선 그리고 남측의 311선과 312선으로 구분되어지는데 그 중에서 태안반도의 연안역인 307선의 03점은 계절에 변화가 가장 커서 분산의 폭이 심한 상태로서 다른 조사정점들과 구분되어진다. 전반적으로 북측해역에서는 용존산소, 엽록소 a, 식물플랑크톤 현존량이 남측해역에 비해 상대적으로 많은 반면, 남측해역은 수온과 염분 및 규산규소가 높은 상태이었다. 북쪽인 307선과 308선은 연안역과 외해에서 상대적으로 영양염류가 높았으며, 중부인 309선과 310선은 연안역과 준 외해역인 07점과 09점에서 영양염류가 높았었고, 남부 해역인 311선과 312선에서는 연안역에서 영양염류가 상대적으로 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 즉 황해 동부는 연안역에서는 조석간만의 차가 심하고, 새만금 및 시호호등과 같은 대규모의 간척 매립으로 육상의 오염원이 자정작용을 거치지 못하고 직접 연안으로 유입되고 있는 실정이다. 또한 10여 년 전부터 육지의 모래부족으로 다량의 바다 모래가 채취되어 왔고 그 량이 점차 증가추세이며, 중부외해역에서는 각종 폐기물 투기로 점차 영양염류의 부하량이 증가되고 있어 특히 질소계와 인의 영양염류 농도가 높아지고 있는 추세이다. 시간적 변동특성은 전반적으로 순환하는 형태를 유지하고 있다. 2005년 2월에는 질산질소, 용존무기질소, 규산규소, 인산인, 용존산소가 높았었으며 4월로 접어들면서 항목 간에 분산되는 경향을 보이면서 수온, 엽록소 a 및 식물플랑크톤이 증가 하면서 해역에 따라 좌우로 분산되는 경향을 나타내었고 6월에는 아질산질소를 제외한 영양염류가 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 8월에는 6월에 비해 수온이 높아지고 규산규소, 질산질소, 용존무기질소 등이 약간 증가추세이었으며 10월로 접어들면서 증가추세가 더 높아졌었고 12월에는 질산질소, 용존무기질소, 규산규소, 인산인, 용존산소가 높아졌었다. 2006년 4월에는 2005년 4월에 비해 수온, 엽록소 a, 식물플랑크톤의 현존량이 높아져서 전년 동시기와 약간 다른 양상을 보이고 있었다. 즉 동계인 2월을 시작으로 반 시계 또는 시계 방향으로 순환하는 형태를 유지하고 있으며, 4월은 2개년 비교해 보았을 때 해마다 해양환경에 따라 그 순환 정도 및 형태가 다를 것으로 추정된다.

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Nutrient Removal Potential of water Hyacinth Cultured in Nutrient-enriched Water and Swinery Wastewater (부레옥잠의 수중영양염 제거 잠재력에 관한 고찰)

  • 전만식;김범철
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.117-124
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    • 1999
  • Nutrients removal by water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms from nutrient enriched waters and swinery wastewater were evaluated. The contents of nitrogen and phosphorus of dried water hyacinth increased from 1.4 to 3.3% and 0.21 to 0.80% when water hyacinth available N and P in the culture medium were increased from 0.7 to 5.0 mgN/1 and 0.06 o 1.5 mgP/l. respectively. Maximum N and P contents were found to be 4.1 and 0.90%, respectively. The significant relationship was observed between the standing crop of water hyacinth and the biomass yield per unit area and time. Biomass yield increased gradually until standing crop reached 15 kg wet wt./m$^2$, and then rapidly decreased. The high biomass yield of up to 0.5 kg/m$^2$/day was obtained in the range of 7 to 20 kg/m$^2$of standing crop. The potential removal rates of N and P by the water hyacinth during summer were found to be 2,250 to 2,710 mgN/m$^2$/day and 570 to 595 mgP/m$^2$/day, respectively, when 15 kg/m$^2$in standing crop and nutrient concentrations of culture medium were ranged from 1.24 to 6.2 mgP/1 and 3.2 to 32.5 mgN/1, respectively, Inorganic N and P concentrations of swinery wastewater were in the range of 82 to 121 mgN/1 and 22 to 79 mgP/1, respectively. Nitrogen and P removal rates of water hyacinth cultured in swinery wastewater were found to be in the ranges of 2,000 to 2,600 mgN/m$^2$/day and 157 to 254 mgP/m$^2$/day, respectively, at 10 times diluted water of swinery wastewater.

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Seasonal Changes of Community Structure of Phytoplankton in Three Korean Seagrass Beds (한국연안 3개 해초지 표층수에서 식물플랑크톤 군집구조의 계절 변화)

  • Lee, Sang-Yong;Lee, In-Woo;Choi, Chung-Il
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.95-105
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    • 2006
  • To clarify the seasonal changes of the phytoplankton community in seagrass beds, the abundance and distribution of phytoplankton, and environmental factors were measured in seagrass beds: in the Dongdae Bay and Aenggang Bay on the southern coast of Korea, and off Seungbong Island on the western coast of Korea, in October 2002, January, March, and June 2003. Water temperature, salinity, SPM, chlorophyll a, aboveground biomass of seagrass, DIN and DIP concentrations significantly changed within the sampling time. The taxa of phytoplankton observed in seagrass beds were classified as 3 divisions, 3 classes,4 orders,16 families, 27 genera, 65 species. 50 species of diatoms were recognized with 14 species of dinoflagellates, and 1 species of silicoflagellate. The species of genera Coscinodiscus and Thalassiosira were dominant all around the study areas but Peridinium granii, Eucampia zodiacus and Pleurosigma elongatum were seasonally dominant. Phytoplankton standing crops varied from minimum of $0.6{\times}10^3\;cells\;l^{-1}$ (June, Dongdae Bay) to maximum$21.1{\times}10^3\;cells\;l^{-1}$(March, Aenggang Bay). The standing crops and species composition of phytoplankton were relatively lower and simpler than those of other southern and western coastal areas. Seasonal variations of diatom standing crops in seagrass beds were attributed to seasonal changes in DIN and in DIP of water column.

Determination of Optimum Water Intaking Depth Based on Phytoplankton Distribution in Unmun Reservoir (식물플랑크톤 분포도에 따른 운문호의 선택취수 수심 결정)

  • Baek, In-Ho;Kim, Chul-Ho;Lee, Jung-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.33 no.3 s.91
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    • pp.311-318
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    • 2000
  • The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum water intaking depth for water treatment plant based on the changes of phytoplankton distributions in Unmun reservoir. Sampling was carried around of intaking tower near the Dam site at monthly intervals from February to Ocotber in 1998. Total 79 phytoplankton taxa were observed and they were classified into 4 varieties, 75 species within 51 genera. Diatoms were mainly dominated from February to July. However Rhodomonas sp. was a dominant species in August, and Microcystis ichthyblabe in September and October. Cell density of 122,800 cells/mL in October was the highest, and 415 cells/mL in May was the lowest. The pattern of vertical distribution was similar until May; however, the cell density in the epilimnion was much higher than it in the hypolimnion during the periods with the high water temperature over $20^{\circ}C$ since June. The water depths showing over 5,000 cells/mL ranged from the surface to 9m in June, surface to 6m in September, and on the only surface in October. Based on water temperature and phytoplankton vertical distribution, the depth of 6m appeared to be the optimum intaking depth far water treatment plant: 75.4 to 98.0% of phytoplankton cell densities could be avoided and the temperature over $18.3^{\circ}C$ was preserved to prevent cold water damage for rice growth at the water depth during cyanobacterial blooming period in Unmun reservoir.

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