• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.173-178
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• 2004

Chronic Cochlodinium blooms in the southern waters of Korea have brought about considerable economic losses for about a decade, This paper aims to reframe current perspectives on the outbreak mechanism and the remediation schemes through a thought experiment in a context of mass balance and mathematical ecology. Far different explanations emerge from a careful examination of the scientifically unnoticed clues and a through discussion on the phytoplankton conservation equation. Logic of the eutrophication-induced red tide subjects to criticism. It is strongly recommended that the current remediation scheme to exterminate the target species should be rerouted to an environmentally sound competition enhancement tactics. Finally a novel convergence-float-aggregation hypothesis is proposed as an outbreak mechanism.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.333-349
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• 2020

This study illustrates the necessity and feasible process of constructing local collections in public libraries. One of the important responsibilities of public libraries is to collect, preserve, and provide local information in order to enhance the identity of the region and local culture and to maintain and preserve the social memory of the community. However, as the subjects and types of local information are diverse and are owned and scattered by various persons and organizations in the local community, it is difficult to collect materials and build collections. There is, as a result, a lot of confusion in the library field. Focusing on the case of a few public libraries that hold good local collections, this study attempted to add suggestions to build a local collection containing regional history and locality and to promote related services.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.115-122
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• 2014

Korean native cattles (Han woo) are divided yellow, tiger(blinder), and black by coat color. Chikso has tiger coat color, which cultured about 1,700 heads within Korea. However there were a few researches reported about preservation and production. This study was conducted to investigated that the effect of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) dosage(240 mg and 280 mg) on the embryo production, pregnancy and calf birth weights. There were no difference total embryo and transferable embryo between FSH 240 mg or 280 mg treatment, but pregnancy rate was increased 46% in embryos derived from 280 mg group than 240 mg group's 29.6%. The birth weight of Chikso calves was similar between artificial insemination(25.6 kg) and embryo transfer(24.8 kg) groups.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.201-230
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• 2001

Conserving the recored cultural inheritance is actually the duty of all of us. Above all, the management and conservation of archives and documents is up to archivists who have technical knowledge about archival science. Archivists have to not only conserve archives and documents but also carry out classifying and appraising them in order to define them as current historic ones. The fundamental education about archival science is made up of history and law. Because Archive is the organisation which manage archives and documents produced by legal and administrative actions. Although there are still arguments about technical knowledge and degree archivists have to acquire, most of them prefer the studies related with history and emphasize legal studies to be the general boundary of archivits' ideology and trust. The training course about conservation of archives is conducted in about 9 National Archives of Torino, Milano, Venezia, Genova, Bologna, Parma, Roma, Napoli, Palermo. The training course in 19th was mostly based on the lectures of Phaleography, Diplomatics. There were not the education about archival science yet. Toward the end of 19th and 20th, people stressed the most basic subject in the training course of National Archive was not Phaleography and Diplomatics but archival science. The goal of archival science is to study the institution and organisation transferring archives and documents to Archive. And also it help archivists not wander about with ignorance of organisational and original procedures and divisions but know exactly theirs works. Like this, the studies on institution and organisation have got in the saddle as a branch of archival science since a few ten years. While archival science didn't evoke sympathy among people and experienced the tedious and difficult path in italy and other countries, Archive was managed by experts of other branches. As a result, there were a lot of faults in Archival Science. Specializing training course for Italian archivists came into being under the backdrop of Social Science Institute of Roma National University in 1925. The archival course of universities accomplished by the studies of history, law and economy. And such as Eugenio Casanova and Giorgio Cencetti were devoted archival science was abled to settle down in national archive. The training course for experts of 'archival science, 'Phaleography and Diplomatics' in National Archive of Bologna(Archivio di Stato di Bologna) is one of courses conducted in 17 National Archives in italy. This course is gratuitous and made up of 8 subjects(Archivistica, Paleografia, Diplomatica, Storia dell' Archivio, Notariato e documenti privati, istituzione medievale, istituzione moderna, istituzione contemporanea) students have to complete for two years. Students can receive the degree through passing twice written exam and once oral test. After department of Culture and education finally puts the marks of students, the chief Nationa Archive of Bologna confer the degree of 'archival science Phaleography and Diplomatics' on students passing the exams. This degree authenticates trainees' qualification which enables him to work at the archive in province, district and administrative capital city and archive of comunity and so on. Italian training course naturally leads archivists to keep in contact with valuable cultural inheritance through training in Archive. And it shows the intention to strengthen the affinity with each documents in the spot of archival management before training archivists. Also this is appraised as one of positive policies to conserve the local cultual inheritante in connection with the original qualitity of national archive with testify the history of each region. Traning course for archivist in Italy shows us the way how we have to prepare and proceed it. First, from producing documents to conserving than forever there has introduced 'original order that is to say a general rule to respect the first order given at the time producing documents'. Management of administrative documents is related consistently with one of historical documents. Second, the traning course for archivist is managing around 17 national archives. because italian national archive lay stress not or rducation of theory bus on train for archivest working in the first time of archival science. Third, diplomatics and phaleography for studies about historical document support archives. Forth, the studies on history id proceeding by cooperation between archivist and historian around archive. How our duties is non continuinf disputer who has to conserve and manage document and archives, but traing experts who having ability, vision and flexible thought, responsibility about archivals.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.421-430
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• 2009

This research was carried out focusing on the urgent treatment and related studies for paint scribbling on Samjeondobi Monument (Historic Sites No. 101) in 2007. Before the preliminary test, the paint lacquer used on the surface of Samjeondobi Monument was analyzed. The paint lacquer turned out to be the paint lacquer spray composed of $Pb_3O_4$ used for the red pigment in the market. It was proved that the poultice used with the organic solvent was the best way to remove the paint pollutants following the preliminary test for the removal of paint pollutants which was performed with various removal methods by the laser, etc. However, the removing the paint pollutants was found in difficulty in contrast to the preliminary tests because the paint on the spot was hardened so rapidly over time that there was difference from the situation of the laboratory. For that problem, the poultice method with ethylene dichloride of main component from Remover (goods in the market) was the most efficient, therefore the pollutants were removed with the solution of alkyds resin and nitrocellulose and the rest part was removed by the $Laponite^{(R)}$ RD.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.57-95
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• 2021

Korea's period for preservation of embryos is up to five years (the Bioethics Act). However, the study reviewed domestic and foreign laws and drew issues due to the recent demand that the development of related science and technology and the period limitation limit the rights of consent holder for embryo production. the first issue is that preserved embryos are intended for pregnancy, and it is important to ensure that the autonomy of the consent holder is protected through careful consideration based on information such as scientific evidence. the second is that regulations regarding the obligation to manage embryonic preservation institutions are needed. the third is to create a social atmosphere in which embryo creation, preservation, and disposal take place in a minimum range, considering the special status of embryos. based on this issue, the first of the proposals for rational improvement of the regulation and system about embryo preservation is the introduction of an environment in which sufficient explanation and appropriate consent can be exercised and to extend the reasons for the extension of the period, rather than specifying the specific period in law. the second is that institutionalization is necessary considering not only the obligation to manage preservation institutions but also the overall site, such as concerns that may arise as a result. lastly, we propose the introduction of a management method considering the future use of embryos, such as transfer to provide research purposes and donation of pregnancy purposes by others. this process should be a method of sufficient social discussion and consensus, as well as a general consideration of the family relationship with the born child.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.19-22
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• 1998

The influence of acid rain on the marble cultural properties investigated in two ways : 1) marble samples similar to that of Wongak-sa 10-story pagoda were directly exposed to rain in air at Chongro and Kwanghwamun sites; 2) marble samples under a protective facility were indirectly exposed to rain. The quantity of corrosion products and variations of calcium ion to rain were analyzed. The result shows that the corrosion qantity of the marble samples exposed directly under 1~8 mm rainfall in the Chongno and Kwanghwamun sites were similar, but those were 7.7 times higher than those indoor. Concentration of anions were higher than that of cations among the ion concentration over 40% in the early 1 mm rainfall. Calcium ion was produced over 30%. Because the monuments of marble, limestone and sandstone were affected by acid rain, it may be necessary to establish policies for the conservation on the National Treasures made of these materials.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.404-416
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• 2020

Studies on the preservation and propagation of tropical and subtropical plants are required, but the studies are insufficient in Korea. Since 2013, the Tropical Plant Resources Research Center has been collaborating on field research and publication to preserve plant diversity in Myanmar protected areas and Sagging areas in cooperation with Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Conservation and the Myanmar Forest Research Institute. This study is to provide information on cooperative projects. As a result of the joint research between the Korea National Arboretum and Myanmar, in December 2018, the Korea National Arboretum Tropical Plant Resources Research Center is on display for conservation and education purposes with the 65 Myanmar useful materials and specimens of 326 kinds of plants and specimens that Myanmar Forest Research Institute donated. This donation is the first case of Myanmar's export of plant organisms to a foreign country, and as for the Korea National Arboretum, it is the second official case of introducing a mass plant from foreign governments. The study will also accelerate preservation biodiversity and propagation methods of tropical and subtropical plants as well as research on biodiversity conservation and industrial use.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.114-135
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• 2013

Among the UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the proportion of natural heritage to cultural heritage is relatively small. In 2007, the "Jeju Volcanic Island and Larva Tubes" was the first one that was designated as an UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site in Korea. The growing Korean geological heritage condition and conservation case studies on management of the geological heritage were examined in this study. Furthermore, the purpose of this study is to show future driving strategy for conservation and improvement plan on our geological heritage. Natural Monuments as a state-designated natural property and Geoparks as a new application system for geological heritage are important to conserve our geological heritage. Public engagement through establishment of visitor centers is definitely needed to improve education and promotion. The study includes field investigation for the "Wadden Sea", an World Natural Heritage Site for a mud flat, interviews with staffs and experts who are responsible for investigating and managing the site. Three factors can likely be attributed to its successful management and conservation policy for the "Wadden Sea". First of all, there is an operation for integrated management system and joint secretariat for research and monitoring. Next, researchers invigorate the visitor centers for promotion and education on geological heritage. Finally, experts and staffs implement various research topics and projects based on a long-range plan. The study was carried out to evaluate the present condition of our geological heritage and to make a proposal as a policy to improve value and conserve them. In conclusion, this study provided future discussion that may help researchers to make a decision on long-term policies for the geological subject of Korean natural heritage.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.25
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• pp.9-26
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• 2021

This paper describes the production methods that were originally used for an arrow bundle excavated from a Bronze Age residential area in Auraji in Jeongseon, Gangwon-do Province and the conservation treatment process that it subsequently underwent. An arrow conventionally consists of an arrowhead and a shaft. It is rare to excavate a shaft along with an arrowhead in a complete form since the shaft is made of organic materials. Notably, the arrow bundle from the Auraji site is of great significance as it shows traces of tangless stone arrowheads attached to charred shafts and offers an important case of the split end of a piece of a tree being inserted into an arrowhead. For a further examination of the characteristics of the arrows from Auraji, microscopic investigation was conducted and the type of wood used for the arrow shafts was examined. The sequence and direction of processing and the particle sizes of the grinding tools were revealed through the analysis of traces of grinding on the stone arrowheads. The shaft is presumed to have been made from a green length of three-year-old willow (Salix spp.). A curing agent with a high degree of waterproofing and reversibility was used during the on-site curing process according to demands of the surrounding environment, and a technique that the authors call the "Bridge" method was used for emergency collection of the relics. Once the bundle was transferred to the conservation treatment lab, reinforcing materials were carefully chosen as it was important not to damage the relics during the process of turning them for the repair of their reverse sides. For this purpose, artificial clay was selected since it can safely bear a load and has excellent physical properties. Finally, detached parts were rejoined, the relics and their surrounding materials were cleaned, and the bottom sides were finished with epoxy resin prior to the display of the relics at the museum.