• 제목/요약/키워드: 현대 회화

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애니메이션에 나타난 문화원형에 관한 고찰: 한·일간 비교를 중심으로 (Basic Study on the Animation Culture Prototype: A Comparison of Korea and Japan)

  • 김윤호
    • 국제지역연구
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.73-94
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    • 2012
  • 일본의 문화콘텐츠는 전 세계적으로 지명도가 높으며, 그 중에서도 애니메이션은 아니메라는 이름하에 폭 넓은 마니아층을 형성하고 있다. 한국의 애니메이션이 영화나 드라마 등에 비해 상대적으로 일본에 뒤쳐져 있는 현실을 감안할 때, 일본의 애니메이션이 자국 내 전통문화를 현대적으로 재해석하여 전 세계인에게 사랑받고 있는 현상을 파악하고, 이를 우리나라 실정에 맞추어 접목하는 노력이 요구된다. 세계를 지배하는 문화콘텐츠를 분석해보면 하나같이 해당 문화권의 근본적 속성을 강하게 지니고 있으며, 반드시 그 속에는 문화원형적 요소가 잠재되어 있다. 구체적으로 살펴보면 세상에 존재하는 모든 문화의 근원은 원형과 맞닿아 있다. 즉 가치 있고 글로벌하게 통용될 수 있는 문화콘텐츠를 발굴하기 위해서는 해당 국가(지역의 문화원형에 대한 심층적이고 체계적인 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구는 애니메이션에 나타난 한·일 간의 문화원형 콘텐츠에 대해 비교·분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 첫째, 한국의 애니메이션(호피와 차돌바위, 흥부와 놀부, 난중일기, 오세암)에 나타난 문화원형 콘텐츠를 분석하였다. 둘째, 일본의 애니메이션(모노노케 히메, 폼포코 너구리대작전, 센과 치히로의 행방불명, 겐지이야기 천년기)에 나타난 문화원형 콘텐츠를 분석하였다. 마지막으로 양국의 애니메이션에 나타난 문화원형 콘텐츠(건축, 회화, 의상, 음악, 무용·춤, 전통 행동양식, 신·신화적 요소)의 노출 빈도수 비교를 통해 양국 애니메이션에 나타난 문화원형 콘텐츠의 공통점과 차이점을 분석하였다. 한편, 본 연구의 결과물이 양국의 문화원형에 기초를 둔 글로벌화된 애니메이션 콘텐츠의 창작소재를 개발하기 위한 기초자료로서 제공되길 기대한다.

"그림 같은 풍경"의 재해석 - 병산서원 차경 설계의 수양론(修養論)적 해석 - (Reimagining "A Picturesque Landscape" - The Borrowed Scenery of the Byungsan Neo-Confucian Academy, Korea, and its Heuristic Instrumentality -)

  • 이경근
    • 한국조경학회지
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    • 제50권6호
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    • pp.15-29
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    • 2022
  • 병산서원은 한국 전통 건축과 차경 설계의 자연친화성 또는 비인위성을 대표하는 아이콘으로 인식되고 있다. 본 연구는 오늘날 병산서원을 수식하는 대표적인 비유인 '그림과 액자'를 중심으로 서원의 차경이 착시와 환영의 풍경을 선사하는 인위적 기법임을 논의하고자 한다. 연구는 다음의 세 부분으로 구성된다. 첫째, 오늘날 '그림'과 '액자'는 각기 순수한 자연의 아름다움과 이를 여과 없이 전달하는 건축적 틀을 일컫는 비유로 사용되며, 이는 자연과 건축의 조화라는 현대 한국인의 기대 심리가 투사된 결과물임을 지적한다. 둘째, 서원을 설계하고 이용하던 조선 중기의 인물들이 차경을 향유한 방식을 추론하기 위해 당대의 시와 회화에 묘사된 풍경과 차경이 선사하는 풍경을 비교하고, 차경을 통한 조망이 동시대의 경관 예술과 마찬가지로 성리학적으로 이념화된 자연의 이미지를 연상하도록 유도함을 밝힌다. 셋째, 이상의 고찰을 바탕으로 차경이 선사하는 '그림'이란 보는 이의 인식이 빚어낸 환영(幻影)이며 차경이라는 '액자'는 이를 촉발하는 인지적 착시 기법으로 구성되어 있음을 주장한다. 이상의 논의를 통해 병산서원의 차경을 자연주의적 표상으로 소비하는 시선에서 이탈하여 시대적, 문화적 보기 방식을 유도하는 적극적인 설계 행위로 인식하고, 자연과 문화유산을 바라보는 오늘날의 시선을 재점검하는 계기를 마련하고자 한다.

현대회화에서의 형태와 물질 -Digital Transfiguration에 관한 연구- (Digital painting: Image transfonnation, simulation, heterologie and transfonnation)

  • 정숙영
    • 조형예술학연구
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    • 제10권
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    • pp.161-181
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    • 2006
  • The words which appeared in my theoretical study and work are image transformation to digital painting, simulation, heterologie and transfiguration, etc. Firstly, let's look into 'digital era' or 'new media era'. Nowadays, the image world including painting within the rapid social and cultural change, which is called as digital era, is having the dramatic change. Together with the development of scientific technology, large number of events which was deemed to be impossible is happening as real in image world Moreover, these changes in image world is greatly influencing to our life. The word which compresses this change of image world and shows is 'digital'. Digit, which means fingers in Latin, indicates separately changing signal, and to be more narrow, it indicates the continual signal of '0' and ' 1' in computer. The opposite word is 'analogue'. As analogue is the word meaning 'infer' or 'similarity', it indicates the signal or form which continuously changes along the series of time when it is compared to digital. Instead of analogue, digital is embossed as a major ruler along the whole area of our current culture. In whole culture and art area, and in whole generalscience, digital is appearing as it has the modernism and importance. The prefix, 'digital', e.g. digital media, digital culture, digital design, digital philosophy, etc, is treated as the synonym of modernism and something new. This advent of digital results the innovative change to the image world, creates the new beauty experience which we could not experience before, and forecasts the formation of advanced art and expansion of creative area. Various intellectual activities using computer is developing the whole world with making the infrastructure. Computer in painting work immediately accomplishes the idea of painters, takes part in simulation work, contingency such as abrupt reversal, extraction, twisting, shaking, obscureness, overlapping, etc, and timing to stimulate the creativity of painters, and provides digital formative language which enables new visual experience to the audience. When the change of digital era, the image appeared in my work is shown in 'transfiguration' like drawing. The word, 'transfiguration' does not indicate the completed and fixed real substance but indicate endlessly moving and floating shape. Thus, this concept is opposite to the substantial consideration, so that various concepts which is able to replace this in accordance with the similar cases are also exist such as change, deterioration, mutation, deformity of appearance and morphing which is frequently used in computer as a technical word. These concepts are not clearly classified, and variably and complicatedly related. Transfiguration basically means the denial of "objectivity' and '(continual) stagnation' or deviation from those. This phenomenon is appeared through the all art schools of art ever since the realism is denied in the 19th century. It is called as 'deformation' in case of expressionism, futurism, cubism, etc, in the beginning of the century, which its former indication is mostly preserved within the process of structural deviation and which has the realistic limit which should be preserved. On the contrary, dramatic transfiguration which has been showing in the modern era through surrealism is different in the point that dramatic transfiguration tends to show the deterioration and deviation rather than the preservation of indicated object. From this point, transfiguration coming out from morphing using computer deteriorates and hides the reality and furthermore, it replaces the 'reality'. Moreover, transfiguration is closely approached to the world of fake or 'imaginary' simulation world of Baudrillard. According to Baudrillard, the image hides and deteriorates the reality, and furthermore, expresses 'not existing' to 'imaginary' under the name of transfiguration. Certain reality, that is, image which is absent from the reality is created and overflowed, so that it finally replaces the reality. This is simulation as it is said by Baudrillard. In turn, Georges Bataille discusses about the image which is produced by digital technology in terms of heterologie. Image of heterologie is the visual signal which is established with the media. Image of media is to have the continuous characteristics of produce, extinction, and transformation, and its clear boundary between images becomes meaningless. The meaning of composition, excess, violation, etc of digital image is explained to heterological study or heteologie suggested as important meaning of Georges Bataille who is a heretic philosopher. As the form and image of mutation shows the shape in accordance with mechanical production, heterologie is introduced as very low materialism (or bas materialisme), in this theory. Heterologie as low materialism which is gradually changing is developing as a different concept and analysis because of the change of time in the late 20s century beside high or low meaning. Including my image, all images non-standardizes and transforms the code. However, reappearance and non-standardization of this code does not seem to be simple. The problem of transformation caused by transfiguration which appears in my digital drawing painting, simulation, heterologie, etc, are the continual problems. Moreover, the subject such as existence of human being, distance from the real life, politics and social problems are being extended to actual research and various expressing work. Especially, individual image world is established by digital painting transfiguration technique, and its change and review start to have the durability. The consciousness of observers who look at the image is changing the subject. Together with theoretical research, researchers are to establish the first step to approach to various image change of digital era painting through transfiguration technique using our realistic and historical image.

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현대회화에서 드러난 해체의 형식론에 관한 연구 -타의적 해체와 자의적 해체의 성격규정을 중심으로- (A study of the destructive styles from Contemporary Paintings - Focused on distinguishing enmity-destruction and self-destruction -)

  • 박기웅
    • 조형예술학연구
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    • 제7권
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    • pp.5-63
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    • 2005
  • Generally, the meanings of destruction are related in the meaning of demolition, breakdown, into fragments ... and so on, and the similar meanings are twist, crush, demolish, split, cut, into pieces , break up ... etc. Further, it has related in the cruelty and destructive heart which are linked with orgy, Sadism, Necrophilia and so on. The meanings are also expressed by the initial , which are deprivation, deface, defame, deform, degrade, delegitimize, denounce , deride, destroy, devalue, as well as debase, debunk, declaim, declassify, decry, delete, denigrate, deprecate, despise or detract ...and so on. Dario Gamboni has discussed the meaning in his book as two categories Iconoclasm and Vandalism. And the similar meanings could be found in the words which has the initial of , like abase, abate, abhor, abjure, abolish, abridge, abuse ...and so on. Even though the distinct meanings of Iconoclasm and Vandalism, it is not easy to distinguish clearly between the differences when the results are accomplished in contemporary paintings because of the similarity of the results. In korean vocabulary there are no similar words to distinguish between the meanings of destruction and deconstruction, and the deconstruction is not recorded in the general dictionaries. However the meaning of is diminishing, separation, contrast and so on. So the unification of the word as do-construction is not construct, minus construction, reverse construction. And Vincent Ditch explained that there are the meaning of destroy the text. From Jacques Derrida, the deconstruction strategy is to criticise the world of traditional metaphysics and logocentrism, and not to reconstruire the philosophical meaning of texts but $d\'{e}construire$ them. And Saussure emphasized that the signifers could have more meaning that there can be more signified in traditional texts in the art. as a result, deconstruction is explained that there are many signified meanings in a signifer. In this thesis , from using the meanings of destruction and deconstruction, to distinguish the expressive skills in contemporary art works are arising. Therefore, special methods which are linked in the destruction styles are selected. As a result, the two different purposes of destruction is arising, one is enmity destruction and the other is self destruction another word, auto destruction or destruction to create The enmity destruction can be distinguished by the two category Iconoclasm and Vandalism. They come from the moment of different historical aspect is arising and want to attack the Icon or masterpiece this concept is from the study of John Philips and especially iconoclasm is linked with religious and artistic heart, but Vandalism is come from the political attack. Sometime, this distinguish is not clearly arising, because the two aspects are co-related in the attack. As a result, firstly, the Iconoclastic controversy had arisen in the methods of Dadaism which has developed by Man Ray, Francis Picabia and Marcel Duchamp. They want to attack the pre-established master-pieces and painting spaces, and they had 'non-artistic attitude' not to be art. Since 1980, the German artist Anselm Kiefer adapted the methods and made them his special skills so he had tried to paint tough brush strokes and draw with hugh pallette image line and fire and water images , they can be the image attack as the Iconoclasm. secondly, the model of vandalism is to be done by hammer, drill, canon and so on. the method is to attack the content of painting. Further, the object of destruction is bound by cords and iron lings to demolish or to declare the authority of pre-statues; it symbolize the pre-authority is gone already. Self-destruction based paintings are clearly different in the purpose of approaching the art work. First of all, they can be auto-destruction, creative destruction and metamorphosis destruction, which is linked with the skill the material aspect and basic stature, and sign destruction or signifier destruction, which is link with the inner meaning destruction that is considered as the Semiotical destruction in post-modern paintings. Since 1960, the auto destruction is based on the method of firing, melting, grinding and similar skills, which is linked with Neo-Dada and reverse-assemblage. Metamorphosis destruction is strongly linked with the basic inner heart price and quality, so it can be resulted in the changedness of expectation and recognition. Tony Cragg has developed the skills to metamorphose the wood as stone or iron as cloth and stone as sponge and rubber and so on. The researcher has developed the same style in the series of since 2003. The other self-destructive methods are found in the skill of sign destruction. In the methods the meaning of the art is not fixed as one or two, but is developed multi-meaning and differ from original starting situation, so Jacques Derrida called the difference meaning in deconstruction. It is the destruction of textes. These methods are accomplished by David Salle, Francesco Clemente, and recently Tracy Emin, who has developed the attacking heart in the spectators' emotion. Sometime in the method of self-destruction, it is based on horror and shock, the method is explored by Demian Hirst and Jakes and Dinos Chapman. Their destructive styles stimulate ambivalent heart and destroy original sign of girl and animals.

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서울시 가로수 역사와 수목 고찰 (A Study on the History and Species of Street Trees in Seoul)

  • 송석호;김민경
    • 한국전통조경학회지
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    • 제38권4호
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    • pp.58-67
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    • 2020
  • 본 연구는 서울시 가로수의 역사적 가치를 지닌 수종 선정을 위한 기초연구로써 고문헌에 기록된 가로수 역사와 수종을 고찰하였다. 또한 다양한 수종 대안을 위해 전통조경수목을 고찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 우리나라 가로수 역사는 고구려 양원왕(陽原王) 2년(546), 고려 명종 27년(1197) 등에 가로수로 추정되는 기록이 남아있으나 사료적 명료성은 부족한 것으로 판단하였다. 조선 초 세종 23년(1441)에는 국가의 역로(驛路)에 표목(標木)으로 가로수를 심은 것이 확인되며, 표목으로 식재된 가로수는 느릅나무와 버드나무가 확인된다. 조선 초 가로수제도의 시행은 단종 1년(1453) 기록으로 알 수 있으며 큰길 좌우로 소나무, 잣나무, 배나무, 밤나무, 회화나무, 버드나무 등이 식재되었고, 세조 5년(1459)에는 길가에 뽕나무를 심었다. 영조 연간에 그려진 정선의 『압구정』이나 『진헌마정색도』에는 가로수가 열식되어 있으며 이는 왕들의 행차, 한양 출입의 주요 도로, 마장(馬場)의 장소성, 수해에 따른 도로 보호와 표식 등의 복합적인 요인이 고찰되었다. 정조 연간에는 왕의 능 행차에 연관되어 소나무, 전나무, 버드나무 등의 가로수를 열식한 사례가 두드러지며, 이는 왕이 지나는 연도(輦道)와 해당 능역을 성역화하려는 가로수 식재기법으로 보았다. 개항 이후 고종 32년(1895)에는 국가에서 도로 좌우에 가로수를 심을 것을 장려하였고, 근대적 가로수 식재개념이 도입되었다. 당시 한양의 가로수는 사시나무가 속성수로써 주요하게 식재되었다. 서울시 가로수로 활용 가능한 고문헌 출현 교목은 삼국시대 17분류군, 고려시대 31분류군, 조선시대 55분류군이 추출되었으며, 16분류군은 삼국시대, 고려시대, 조선시대 모두에서 중복적으로 3회 출현한 수목으로 역사적 가치가 상대적으로 우수한 것으로 정리할 수 있다. 일제강점기에는 외래수종이 유입되고 법제가 변화하면서 가로수제도의 현대적 수용이 이루어졌다. 1936년 경성부 권역의 확대에 따른 가로수 6개년 식수계획(1934-1940)이 시행될 당시 경성의 10대 가로수 수종은 '모니리페라'로 불린 현재 미루나무의 아종, 이태리포플러, 사시나무, 은백양 등의 포플러류가 1~4순위로 가장 많이 식재되었으며 수양버들, 아까시나무, 버즘나무, 양버즘나무, 은행나무, 네군도단풍이 5~10순위로 나타났다. 1930년대 중후반부터 버즘나무와 양버즘나무가 새로운 가로수로 소개되며 대규모 식재되기 시작하였고, 1942년부터는 피마잠의 장점이 있는 가죽나무를 가로수로 권장하기도 하였다. 해방 이후 1957년 가로수 수종은 양버즘나무, 은행나무, 이태리포플러, 가죽나무, 미루나무, 수양버들 순으로 나타나 일제강점기 수종들의 순위변화를 보였으며, 양버즘나무와 은행나무의 비중이 높은 점에서 당시의 식재 경향이 현재까지도 영향을 주고 있는 것으로 나타났다.