• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.357-363
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• 2003

The objective of this study is to investigate background levels of As and heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) and their dietary intakes from white rice produced at various provinces in Korea during 2000. Except Jeju-do, sixty-three rice grain samples were taken at 8 provinces and analyzed for the elements using ICP-AES after acid digestion. The average contents of hi, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the samples were 0.126, 0.040, 1.96, 0.361 and 16.6 mg/kg(DW), respectively. These levels are within the ranges of worldwide average concentrations in rice grains reported by various research. Assuming the rice consumption of 256 g/day by overall households in Korea, the amount of daily intake of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn by the rice were estimated to be 32.3, 10.2, 502, 92.4 and 4,250 ${\mu}g$/day, respectively. Those amount of daily intakes of the elements by the rice are within the WHO's guide for trace elements, however, rice consumption is one of the most important sources of dietary intake of As and some heavy metals in Korean population.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.195-201
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• 2012

We tested for pesticide residues in 124 samples of 22 different items of imported fruits circulated in Gyeonggido. Total 218 pesticides were analyzed by multi-residue method using gas chromatography/nitrogen phosphorus detector-electron capture detector (GC/NPD-ECD), time of flight/mass spectrometer (TOF/MS), ultra performance liquid chromatography/photo diode array (UPLC/PDA), high performance liquid chromatography/fluorescence detector (HPLC/FLD) and mass spectrometer (LC/MS/MS). The pesticides were detected in 18 fruits samples, ranging 0.003~0.3 mg/kg and no samples had violative residue. The separation test to 14 sample pesticides detected was conducted to monitor the current status of pesticide residues according to the partial characteristic. The pesticides were detected in 14 peels ranging 0.03~1.5 mg/kg and 2 fleshes in less than detection limits. These results indicate that imported fruits are safe when the human takes normally but even the small amount of pesticides is harmful when the human takes it in a prolonged period. Therefore, the pesticide residual amounts of imported friuts should be constantly monitored for food safety.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.257-260
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• 2012

Sundried salt was recently registered in food category in Korea in 2008, and food hygiene regulation only applied to several heavy metals and a few inorganic ions. In this report, we investigated the residual amounts of tricyclazole, a highly concerned contaminant from agricultural activity, and estimated their daily intake and hazard index. All 60 sundried salts were collected by region, and qualitatively and quantitatively were analyzed with GC-NPD. In this investigation, only three samples were confirmed the residual tricyclazole in sundried salts. Their maximum residue was $1.7{\mu}g/kg$, and their estimated average daily intake was $2.40{\times}10^{-8}{\sim}6.22{\times}10^{-8}mg/kg-day$. From these results, HI of tricyclazole for sundried salts was $7.53{\times}10^{-7}{\sim}2.07{\times}10^{-6}$ for Koreans, and the values were not considered as serious risk issues currently.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.122-129
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• 2002

The removal rate of heavy metals from the wastewater, the accumulation and translocation of heavy metals in plants after transplanting, and the responses of water celery growth with different wastewater treatments were investigated to determine the potential ability of green-remediation with hydroponic culture of water celery. The removal rate and translocation of Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb from different wastewater to plants were compared with cultivation periods after transplanting. The removal rate of heavy metals from wastewater was different with each treatment but increased with growing periods of water celery plants. The removal rate of Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb in Artificial solution, Artificial solution+EDTA, Munmark industrical wastewater, Jungsun minewater is ranged from 22 to 73%, from 28 to 100%, from 13 to 92% and from 41 to 100% at 6 days after transplanting, respectively. The translocations of Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb from roots to shoots in Artificial solution, Artificial solution+EDTA, Munmark industrical wastewater, Jungsun minewater are ranged from 14 to 28%. 8 to 30%. from 28 to 45% and from 2 to 15% at 12 days after transplanting, respectively. In plant growth responses, it appears to be inhibited the plant growth over all treatments excepts for Munmark industrial wastewater in these glowing periods. Therefore the water celery might play a useful role in phytoremediation to clean up wastewater contaminated with Cd, Cu, Ni or Pb.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.194-201
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• 1981

In order to determine the residue levels of organochlorine insecticides in various meats consumed by Korean population, 80 samples of beef, pork and chicken were collected throughout the country and analyzed for their fat contents and pesticide residue levels. Organochlorine insecticides detected in the meat samples were ${\alpha}-BHC,\;{\beta}-BHC,\;heptachlorepoxide\;and\;DDE$. The average residue levels of the four pesticides on fat basis were 0.466 ppm in domestic beef, 0.145 ppm in imported beef, 0.264 ppm in pork and 0.106 ppm in chicken, in decreasing order of ${\alpha}-BHC>DDE>heptachlorepoxide>{\beta}-BHC$. Daily intake per person of the residues from meat by Korean population was estimated to be $1.0{\mu}g$ of total BHC, $0.1{\mu}g$ of heptachlorepoxide and $0.3{\mu}g$ of DDE. This level was far below the acceptable daily intake of organochlorine insecticides $(18\;{\mu}g/㎏\;body\;weight)$ as recommended by FAO/WHO.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2013

With increasing needs in power, Singapore is requiring stronger power transmission. Singapore Transmission Cable Tunnel is underground tunnel for transmission system installation such as 400 kV cable. This Transmission Cable Tunnel is 35 km long in total. The North-South Transmission Cable Tunnel is 18.5 km long and there is a total of three (3) contracts; NS1, NS2 and NS3 in respect of the design and construction. The East-West Transmission Cable Tunnel is 16.5 km long, and also there is a total of three (3) contracts; EW1, EW2 and EW3. Among of them, SK E&C has been awarded and operating contract EW2 and NS2. In scope of works, each contract has 3 to 4 shafts which connect aboveground and underground high volt cable and those shafts are used as TBM launching shafts during construction. Transmission Cable Tunnel is undercrossing middle of Singapore and most of shafts are located in urban area. Thus, optimal blasting design satisfying high blasting efficiency as well as blasting vibration limit of Singapore is highly required. Blasting design for large shaft of Singapore Transmission Cable Tunnel follows blasting vibration limits in Singapore and reflects our blasting engineering skills. With Singapore Transmission Cable Tunnel Contract EW2, it is expected that our excellent blasting engineering and performance skills can be delivered to the world.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.43-51
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• 2008

배경 : 최근까지 이루어진 천식의 침치료 무작위 대조군 연구들에 의한 결과는 뚜렷한 효과를 보여주지 못하고 있다. 이러한 요인의 하나로 적절한 피험자 수를 정하기 위한 예비 임상시험의 부재가 거론되고 있다. 따라서 천식에 대한 침치료의 본 임상시험에 앞서 이의 실행 가능성 및 규모를 예측하는 예비임상시험이 필요한 상황이다. 목적 : 예비임상시험을 통해 서양의학적 치료를 받고 있는 천식환자들에 대한 침치료의 부가적 효과를 검증하기 위한 본 임상시험의 실현 가능성을 예측하기 위함. 방법 : 본 시험은 무작위 단일 맹검 대조군 평행 설계 예비 임상시험이다. 1차 평가변수는 최대 호기량 검사기로 집에서 아침, 저녁으로 매일 측정한 수치로 구해진 최대 호기 유속 일중 변동률의 1주간 평균치 변화이며 2차 평가변수는 의료기관에서 시행하는 폐기능 검사, 기준시점 호흡곤란 지수, 호흡곤란 변화에 대한 지수, 천식환자들의 삶의 질 평가를 위한 설문 등이다. 피험자 수는 총 45명으로 선정 및 제외기준을 통해서 참여하게 되며 1주간의 최대 호기 유속 기저치 평가 기간을 거친 후 진짜침 처치 군, 가짜침 처치 군, 대기군 세 군에 각각 무작위로 15명씩 할당된다. 모든 피험자에게 기존의 천식관련 약물의 사용을 허용하며, 진짜침 처치군 및 가짜침 처치군은 주 3회 4주간 해당 처치를 받고 2주 후에 각 평가 항목에 대하여 추적, 관찰하게 된다. 대기군은 기존의 천식관리를 유지하면서 2주마다 방문하여 총 6주간 평가를 받고 진짜침 처치를 4주간 받게 된다. 고찰 : 본 연구는 국내에서 최초로 이루어지는 천식에 대한 침 무작위 대조군 예비 임상시험으로 향후 적절한 피험자 수와 실행가능성을 예측할 수 있으리라 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.5-12
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• 2015

Since blasting noise is impact noise, it will give a sudden shock to the human. In the case, such as the blast vibration, it has given aging buildings and livestock great damage to move the vibration along ground in nearby regions. In this study, the influence of the blasting generated during excavation was analyzed for effects on regional. A couple of field and laboratory surveys about geological were carried out to figure out the geological ratio in the study-performed area. Blast vibration noise was compared to the domestic and abroad case studies and each of the institutions permissible standards established the most appropriate criteria in site condition. The vibration velocity of blasting vibration exploits the values which were measured from test blasting on the ground in order to examine blasting effect. Considering the blasting point as the shortest distance from safety facilities (farms, private houses, etc.), the examination of the influence range, which was derived from the vibration velocity of blasting vibration, was performed to figure out how the point affected the safety facilities. Three-dimensional numerical analysis was performed a time history analysis in order to analyze the behavior of the structure for a dynamic blast load, which was determined in three directions of the blast vibration value. The results of three-dimensional numerical analysis and the blasting effect of blasting vibration estimation equation blasting vibration of impact circle with accompanying test blasting were compared. And the analysis confirmed similar results figures.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.714-722
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• 2017

The TPLMs is a system to manage the total amount of pollutants discharged from the watershed in order to achieve the target water quality of the river. In this process, the pollutant load can be classified into generation, discharge and delivery load. When using equation 2, the discharge coefficient should be 1. In case of using equation 3, it is considered that the discharge coefficient defined in the Technical Guideline should be applied. The delivery load is calculated as the product of the discharge load and the delivery ratio, and the delivery ratio is defined as the rate at which the pollutant discharged from the watershed reaches a specific point in the stream. In this study, the delivery ratio estimation method proposed by Hwang (2016) was applied to the Yonggang watershed in the Nakdong river. And the input data of QUALKO2 model was generated by using the estimated delivery ratio (equation 3) and the validation study was conducted by comparing with DRave (equation 2). As a result of the study, it is possible to use both the equation 2 and the equation 3, but it is necessary to change the methodology according to the application of the discharge coefficient.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.664-668
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• 2013

To evaluate Protaetia brevitarsis as a food material, we investigated its composition of nutritional and harmful components. Analysis of nutritional composition (moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, crude fiber, and carbohydrates) showed that the content of crude protein, fat, fiber, and ash were $57.86{\pm}0.01$%, $16.57{\pm}1.81$%, $5.31{\pm}0.10$%, and $8.36{\pm}0.10$% in Protaetia brevitarsis powder, respectively. Amino acids were composed of 17.68% essential and 33.97% non-essential in Protaetia brevitarsis powder. Protaetia brevitarsis powder contained 61.10% unsaturated fatty acid with oleic acids. Additionally, Protaetia brevitarsis powder had a large quantity of minerals related to body organization, such as K (1597 mg/100 g), P (724.1 mg/100 g), Mg (366.3 mg/100 g), and so on. We also confirmed that all bacteria and all heavy metals analyzed in this study, except for very small amount of Hg ($0.1{\pm}0.042$ mg/kg), were not detected in the lysophilized Protaetia brevitarsis powder.