• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.31
• /
• pp.73-100
• /
• 2012

Republic of Korea for the last 2012 nuclear security summit in Seoul in three days from March 26, has held great success. This industry watchers at home and abroad through professional meetings and private organizations to promote global nuclear security was intended to draw, for the preparation of this event the most important one of the things that should be addressed at the meeting was over the top guard. The national guard of heads of state and nationally significant as the important issues should be dealt with. So who is responsible for national security summit national guard for a successful guard against participants should have a higher understanding, these stories ever to be dealt with important security subjects is the psychological state of cognition. This study is currently a source of honor to escort the psychological state of subjects, and whether the search as I looked at cognition. Qualitative research methods to conduct research in-depth interview technique was used for one of the transcribed data analysis program, a non-quantitative data were analyzed using NVivo 8. As a result of this study, analysis of the problem compared with the usual methods 39 (72.2%), fine-grained observation and 15 (27.7%), through the media how cognition 41 (73.2%), marginal help of 15 (26.7%) were. The usual comparison with how honored Issue sources to detect security of those words and actions and facial expressions, etc. Security of subjects over the state of mind cognition that he, detailed observation of the national guard to security subjects the psychological state of cognition which are pre-Thorough Information subjects that can have all the information about security and the state can be obtained by saying that. Media coverage through a cognitive approach national guard of the media coverage to understand the security subjects of the political situation to understand the prerequisite that were marginal for help through the cognitive approach of security subjects surrounding the execution of security workers, Secretary in charge of protocol and security, and be propagated through the selection techniques to be utilized was that.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.27 no.1 s.45
• /
• pp.25-43
• /
• 1994

To estimate the factors to the inclination of the criminal violence, the content of trace minerals and toxic metals in the scalp hair were measured during the period from May 1992 to October 1992. One hundred eleven violent and 89 nonviolent criminal inmates of Taegu Correctional Institute were selected. The inmates of violent criminals were imprisoned by murder, robber, rape, injury and violent acts. Those of nonviolent criminals were swindle, larceny, and adultery and had no history of institutional violence. The contents of two toxic metals (cadmium, lead) and five trace minerals (Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg, Na) were determined by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (IL. 551). The contents of cadmium and lead in hair of violent criminals were significantly higher as $0.56{\pm}0.14ppm,\;11.53{\pm}3.32ppm$, respectively, than $0.42{\pm}0.20ppm,\;9.63{\pm}4.31ppm$ of nonviolent group (p<0.01). But the level of copper was significantly lower than nonviolent group (p<0.05). The factors that had a significant correlation with the inclination of violence in multiple logistic regression analysis were cadmium (odds ratio=98.09), unmarried (odds ratio=0.39), many times of criminal history(odds ratio=1.57) and residence of rural area (odds ratio=0.44). The results suggest that the sub-toxic contents of cadmium and lead in the hair may be of potential effect on behavior, and the mineral analysis may be an important adjunctive diagnostic procedure. Further studies into this problem are necessary.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.13-29
• /
• 2023

Overcoming the death valley, a period in which resources are depleted and profitability declines or stagnates in the entrepreneurial process, is an essential procedure for success. In this study, we examined how the strategic orientation(technology, customer, competitor orientations) and absorptive capacity(potential, realized capacities) of startups affect the possibility of startups to overcome the challenges of death valley, and also empirically analyzed whether support of open innovation and venture capital has a moderating influence to the overcoming of death valley. The result of this study shows that customer orientation and realized absorptive capacity have a positive influence on overcoming the death valley. In addition, we found that the support of open innovation and venture capital has a moderating effect only in the technology orientation among the three types of strategic orientations. The result of this research emphasizes (1) the need for startups to take a more customer-oriented approach to overcome the death valley. The customer-oriented behavior and strategies of startups are vital for their longterm survival and success if we consider the fact that most of the companies investigated in this study were technology-based startups and only customer orientation showed significant results in overcoming the death valley. The research outcome also shows that (2) implementing innovation in a more open way and securing venture capital funding can make it easier for startups to overcome the death valley. This study has academic significance in that it empirically analyzed the relationship of key factors influencing the overcoming of death valley in a situation where the majority of existing research remains at the conceptual level of discussion or methodology of case study. Furthermore, this research also provides practical implications for the establishment and implementation of effective strategies to confront the challenges of death valley for startups, government and related organizations.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.176-184
• /
• 2017

Objectives : Middle aged women with depression often experience hot flush symptoms. It is still unclear about the association between depression and hot flush symptoms. Therefore, we investigated hormonal profile, functional somatic symptoms, coping styles and attitude for menopause between depressed women with hot flush and those without hot flush. Methods : This study included 33 depressed patients with hot flush symptoms and 33 depressed patients without hot flush symptoms. Hot flush was confirmed through prospective daily symptom ratings for a week. Subjects' coping styles were assessed by the stress coping checklist. Somatic symptoms were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-15(PHQ-15). Sex hormonal levels were assayed by a radioimmunoassay. The Brief World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument(WHOQOL-BREF) was used to evaluate quality of life. Results : In coping style, depressed women with hot flush symptoms used less 'problem-centered coping'($13.15{\pm}3.17$) and 'search for social support'($11.83{\pm}2.84$) than those without hot flush symptoms($15.17{\pm}3.1$, p=0.028 ; $14.25{\pm}3.22$, p=0.009 ; respectively). Depressed women with hot flush symptoms showed more negative attitude toward post-menopause, but its statistical significance was marginally insufficient(p=0.059). We did not find any group differences in sex hormonal levels and somatic complaints assessed by the PHQ-15. The score of social relationship domain of WHOQOL-BREF was significantly lower in subjects with hot flush symptoms($8.62{\pm}2.04$) than subjects without hot flush symptoms($9.71{\pm}1.65$ ; p=0.044). Conclusions : Among middle aged women with depression, the manifestation of hot flush symptoms was associated with coping styles and attitude for menopausal transition. Hot flush symptoms in depressed women negatively influence quality of life, so clinicians actively perform therapeutic approach in case of depressed patients with hot flush symptoms. In case of depressed patients who present hot flushes, cognitive behavior therapy or stress management might be an effective treatment option in company with antidepressants or hormonal treatment. Later, longitudinal study will be needed to evaluate risk factor, cause and effect associated with hot flush and depression.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.129-137
• /
• 2015

This study is conducted with the aim of providing basic data for oral health improvement of pregnant woman and development of oral health education program by analyzing factors influencing the oral health related behavior of pregnant woman applying health belief model which is theoretical model of explaining individual's behavior change. For 217 expectant mothers who visited 8 obstetrics and 1 maternity class located in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Incheon from August 1 to 31, 2014, data analysis was implemented using self-administered questionnaire. Before the completion of self-administered questionnaire, the subjects were fully informed of explanatory note and consented on taking part in the research for the consideration of ethical aspect. Collected materials were treated by PASW Statistics ver. 18.0 program and following results were acquired. Health belief factor which infuences oral health related behavior of pregnant woman resulted that perceived severity influences on oral examination during pregnancy and dental treatment during pregnancy, and perceived benefits influences on oral examination during pregnancy, and perceived barriers on toothbrushing after having a snack, toothbrush with rotation method and oral examination during pregnancy, and self-efficacy influences on use of oral hygiene products after toothbrushing and oral examination during pregnancy. With these research results, I suggest that perceived severity of health belief factor, perceived benefits, perceived barrier and self-efficacy influence oral health related behavior of pregnant woman. And specific oral health education program for pregnant woman is necessary to increase perceived severity of pregnant woman, perceived benefits and self-efficacy and to reduce perceived barriers.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.162-170
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study is to provide framework for understanding children's dental utilization. In this paper Andersen-Newman's model is applied to the use of dental visits. This model consists of predisposing, enabling, and need components that describe a person's decision to use dental health services. One thousand, nine hundred seven children and their mothers were selected for the study. The children were fourth grade to sixth grade in elementary schools in Iksan city, Korea. Models are operationalized using stepwise multiple regression analysis and path analysis. The number of independent variables used in the analysis was 39 in total, ie 32 predisposing components, 6 enabling components, and 1 need component. Children's Dental utilization was measured based on the number of visits. The data collected by means of a questionnaire survey. In this study, the amount of variance by the model was 25 percent. Predisposing factors had the greatest effect on utilization. Number of restricted activity days caused by oral disease, having a regular dental care, and susceptibility on oral disease of children were found to have significant major effects on dental utilization of children. Mother's dental visits was most important factor affecting dental utilization of children.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the dietary behavior and image and preference of Japanese foods. The Subjects were consisted of 570 university students(243 males and 327 females) in Daegu and Kyungbuk area, Korea. The students responses to the 10 questions about image of Japanese foods were also measured on 5 point Likert scale. Data were presented by using frequency, percentage, chi-square test and T-test. The results of this study were as follows: (1) On the eating habits, 'the whole family has breakfast together with same foods everyday'scored high as 42.3％ and 'foods put in a big platter by gathering everyday'as 35.8％. (2) About the eating customs, 53.5％ of the subjects responded that the seat was fixed at meal time, 56.4％ didn't start to eat before the patriarch started a meal and 30.9％ responded that the head of a family had more foods in number and quantity. (3) On the table manners, 13.4％ of the subjects were scolded about 'watching TV on eating', 11.5％ about 'making left-over foods', 8.0％ about 'misuse of spoon and chopsticks'. (4) The preferred ethnic foods by University students was in other of Korean, Chinese, Italian, Japanese and French foods. (5) Among subjects, 93.8％ had no experience of visiting Japan and 92.6％ wanted to visit Japan. Images on the Japanese foods were 'the price is too expensive' (mean 4.15) and 'the decoration is wonderful'(mean 4.05). But the subjects did not think Japanese foods as 'hot'(mean 2.21) and 'greasy'(mean 2.51). (6) The favorite Japanese food of subjects was Udon(mean 3.98), Sushi(mean 3.85) and Tempura(mean 3.69). So Udon turned out to be the most popular Japanese foods by university students in Daegu and Kyungbuk area, Korea. But they did not prefer Natto(mean 2.68), Ochazuke(mean 2.76), Okonomiyaki(mean 2.87) and Misosiru and did not eat. From the above results, Korean university students preferred Udon to Natto among Japanese traditional foods, and they estimated Japanese foods as 'too expensive'. Therefore, lowering the price and developing the cooking method for Korean taste were needed to increase the intake of Japanese traditional foods by Korean university students and.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.43 no.5
• /
• pp.433-442
• /
• 2010

The study aim was to examine the effect of sensory responses of subjects after 6-month dietary sodium reduction with the aid of nutritional education. Fourteen female college students voluntarily restricted their sodium intake for 6 months, during which time they received nutritional education on the low sodium diet. As a control group, 10 students, whose anthropometric measurement, sodium intake behavior, and blood pressure were not different from those of the experimental group, were maintained on a normal diet. For the sensory responses of subjects, the salt taste perception and pleasantness for graded (0.15-1.3%) NaCl solutions were measured by a 9-point hedonic scale. The optimum sodium concentration, urinary sodium excretion, and blood pressure were measured. All the measurements were done at the beginning and end of the experiment. The sensory evaluation revealed an absence of any difference between the two groups in salt taste perception and pleasantness responses at the beginning. After 6-month adaptation, the experimental group subjects showed higher responses to low NaCl solution (0.15, 0.3, 0.5%) in salt taste perception and pleasantness evaluation while the control group subjects exhibited the opposite response. The optimum sodium concentration was reduced from 105.6 mmol to 80.7 mmol (p = 0.015) and the urinary sodium excretion was also reduced from 1,398 mg to 906 mg (p = 0.041) only in the experimental group. Systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced in the experimental group, although there was no correlation between the urinary sodium excretion and blood pressure. The optimum sodium concentration was negatively correlated with the urinary sodium excretion (r = 0.418, p = 0.053), indicating that adaptation to low sodium diet can reduce sodium intake. Further study on the individual responses of subjects on a low sodium diet by periodical evaluation may provide useful data for setting the duration needed to stabilize a lowered appetite for sodium.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.277-286
• /
• 1994

The pot experiment using $^{15}N$ isotope dilution technique was carried out to calculate the balance of nitrogen of surface applied urea in the rice-soil system. The $^{15}N$ concentration was determined by stable isotope ratio mass spcetrometer (model: VG ISO-GAS MM622). In the pots with $^{15}N$ labeled urea application at the rates of 15 and 30 kg N/10a, the percentage of nitrogen derived from fertilizer (NDFF) in rice was higher at the rate of 30 kg N/10a (average 89%) than at the rate of 15 kg N/10a (average 64%). However, the recovery as percentage of fertilizer N by rice was higher at the rate of 15 kg N/10a (65.5%) than at the rate of 30 kg N/10a (54.2%). The percentage of the fertilizer N remained in extractable inorganic N form at the rates of 15 and 30 kg N/10a were $13.5%\;(NH_4-N\;5.53%,\;NO_3-N\;7.99%)$ and $16.5%\;(NH_4-N\;7.49%,\;NO_3-N\;8.98%)$ in unplanted soil, and $2.0%\;(NH_4-N\;0.63%,\;NO_3-N\;1.32%)$ and$2.3%\;(NH_4-N\;0.87%,\;NO_3-N\;1.40%)$ in soil planted to rice, respectively. The dominant form of inorganic-N in soil after harvest was $NO_3-N$ form rather than $NH_4-N$ form regardless of urea application rate or rice cultivation. The percentage of the fertilizer N remained in organic N form at the rates of 15 and 30 kg N/10a were 65.0 and 41.8% in unplanted soil, and 23.7 and 26.9% in soil planted to rice, respectively. In conclusion, the efficiency of surface-applied urea was greater at the rate 15 kg N/10a than at the rate of 30 kg N/10a.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.112-119
• /
• 2012

Objectives : Delirium is a disorder defined as a sudden disturbance in thinking, speaking, acting and sleep pattern due to altered level of consciousness and cognitive function. The objective of this study is to analyze characteristics and therapeutic methods of the delirious patients during the recent 5 years, and provide basic data for further studies and investigation regarding delirium in the occurrence and treatment. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 475 patients who were consulted for delirium in Kyunghee University Medical Center from January 2007 to December 2011. Results : During the 5 years, among the 475 patients who were diagnosed as delirium, men were more common(61.7%). The most commonly consulted reason and cause were sleep disturbance(80.8%) and post-operational delirium(30.9%), respectively. The medication prescription percentage was 76.6% and was significantly increased year after year. Ratio of using antipsychotics were 76.4% among prescribed medication and the most frequently prescribed antipsychotic drug was quetiapine(46.8%). Other specialists commonly misdiagnosed delirium when the patient was previously diagnosed as dementia(6.8%). Conclusions : In our study, post-operational delirium was the most commonly referred reason and the percentage of medication prescription tended to increase. Patients with history of dementia were more easily misdiagnosed as diseases other than delirium. Our study suggests that we should evaluate symptoms, causes, reasons of consultation, management tendency of delirium. We should also closely observe changes in sleep patterns and establish the prevention strategies for post-operational delirium and therapeutic bases for pharmacotherapy.