• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.369-374
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• 2015

Grapholita molesta (GM) has been considered as a major problem to apple and peach orchards. Mating disrupters have been applied to control the pest over the world as an Integrated Pest Management [IPM] tool. Various types of dispensers releasing mating disrupters have been developed with different formulation of wax, polyethylene tube and aerosol. In this study, the dispensers that were composed of ester waxes and polypropylene (PP) film were used as dispenser materials to analyze release pattern of GM pheromone compared with paraffin wax and polyethylene (PE) film. The release pattern in PP film group was consistent with time while PE film group irregular. Based on these results, Japan wax_PP film dispenser (Japan_PP) was manufactured and showed the mating disruption effect of 98% during 5months in peach orchard.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.385-391
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• 2010

This study reports the results of natural enemy application against four insect pests on greenhouse sweet pepper in winter cropping system. Orius laevigatus ($3.3/m^2$) was released at two different times (Nov. 2005 & Feb. 2006) to control Frankliniella occidentalis, western flower thrips (WFT). Throughout the cropping season, the lowest level recorded of WFT was less than 2.0 individuals per yellow sticky trap. Amblyseius swirskii ($232.3/m^2$) was released four times (Nov. 2007 ~ Aug. 2008) to control Bemisia tabaci, tobacco whitefly (TWF). Until July 2008, TWF population had been suppressed lower than 6.6/trap. Phytoseiulus persimilis ($44.5/m^2$) was released seven times (Apr. 2008 ~ Aug. 2008) to control Tetranychus kanzawai, tea red spider mite (TRSM). As a result, TRSM population was suppressed lower than 1.7/1eaf. To control aphids, Aphidius colemani ($9.5/m^2$) was released seven times (Oct. 2004 ~ Jan. 2005), with the transplantation of banker plants ($5.5pot/660m^2$). As a whole, aphid's population has been successfully reduced to less than 2.0/leaf.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.113-124
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• 2017

Cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) and green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) are serious pests damaging various crops including vegetables such as pepper, cucumber, and Chinese cabbage. We conducted a study to control two aphids with secondary metabolite of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. A B. bassiana was already selected as a high virulence isolate against cotton aphid and green peach aphid. The culture filtrate of the isolate showed high pathogenicity against both aphids as 100% mortality against cotton aphid 3 days after treatment and 99% against green peach aphid 5 days after treatment. A different fraction extracts with $CHCl_3$ : MeOH of B. bassiana culture filtrate (30:1, 50:1, 70:1, 90:1, 100:1; v/v) through silica gel column chromatography showed different control effect to aphids. Among them, 50:1 ($CHCl_3$ : MeOH) fraction had highest mortality as 77.3% and 75.4% against A. gossypii and M. persicae, respectively. A mixture of each fraction (1:1) had no synergistic effects because control effect of every mixture was lower than only 50:1 extract; for example, mortality of 50:1 + 70:1 showed $2^{nd}$ highest as 72% of cotton aphid and 70.2% of green peach aphid and other mixtures were lower than these values. In future we will study the identification and mass production of aphicidal compound isolated from 50:1 fraction to develop stable aphid control agent.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2019

The citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae), is an important pest that decreases the productivity of citrus trees by attacking citrus leaves, and especially it causes a severe damage during the young growth stage. In this study, we investigated the distribution of eggs on the leaves of shoots according to the position and the survival rate of this pest in the field condition. The occurrence patterns of P. citrella eggs in citrus orchards were largely affected by the occurrence of shoots. Even if the adults were still being attracted in the pheromone traps, the eggs were not observed on leaves when the growth of shoots was stopped. The density of P. citrella eggs in the citrus shoots peaked at the fifth or sixth leaf from the terminal leaf, and over 90% of the eggs were found in the first to eighth leaves as a whole. In 2015 and 2016, the average survival rate of larvae surviving to pupa was 1.4%, and the rate of survival to adults was 0.2%, indicating that most of them died. Furthermore, we have discussed the management strategy of P. citrella considering the distribution of eggs and the larval survival rate in the citrus shoots.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.183-202
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• 2013

The demand of ginseng which has attracted many people for a long time has expanded further with great spotlight ; but it has caused anxiety of some safety-sensitive customers due to unavoidable pesticides and its weakness for disease and insect pest. On the other hand, sluggish studies on effective doses of ginseng and red ginseng which is produced and processed after hardship have worsened confusion of customers. Against this backdrop, this study is about to find out measures for safe ginseng cultivation and effective dose of white or red ginseng which are safely produced and reaches meaningful conclusions as follows ; As for a study to minimize the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides or to change them into environmentally-friendly products, ginseng cultivation utilizing Lime Sulfur complex might be an alternative. The effects of Lime Sulfur complex are great on ginseng seeding with under 200 times compound KHCO3 and five-year-old ginseng with over 200 times compound using NaHCO3. When using with green materials like Bordeaux mixture, there would be great potential to realize ginseng without pesticide use.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.131-137
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• 2023

The striped fruit fly, Zeugodacus scutellata (Diptera: Tephritidae), is one of important pests in Cucurbitaceae plants. The cuelure is currently using with various forms for surveillance to the Z. scutellata male as well as Z. cucurbitae, Z. tau, and Bactrocera tryoni, which are categorized as prohibited-quarantine fruit flies in Korea. This study was conducted to verify the attraction effect of applying the cuelure in different forms in field conditions. In this study, we used cuelure by 3 different forms as solid, liquid, and wax to striped fruit flies using the Steiner trap. The trap was placed in two Jeju and one Gyeongbuk regions and the number of attracted flies by each cuelure form is monitored by every 2 weeks during 2021. Attraction effect on Z. scutellata was significant difference by different cuelure forms in two Jeju regions. Liquid and wax forms of cuelure showed high attraction number to the Z. scutellata male compared with solid form when flies were occurred with high population from July to August in Jeju. However, there was no significant difference on attraction effect at low population in Juju and Gyeongbuk by different forms. Based on field assay, liquid and wax form of cuelure are recommended for surveillance against Z. scutellata male. Furthermore, these results also strongly suggest that the attractant, liquid and wax forms of cuelure, could be effective for surveillance to quarantine fruit flies such as Z. cucurbitae, Z. tau, and B. tryoni in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.76-76
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• 2020

최근 안전한 먹거리 생산과 치유, 교육 등 다양한 목적으로 도시농업에 참여하는 인구가 늘어남에 따라 도시텃밭의 농약, 비료 사용 등으로 인한 환경오염과 해충 피해, 농산물의 건강성 등 다양한 문제가 제기되고 있다. 따라서 도시텃밭 작물의 생육 증진, 잔류농약 문제 해결 등 농산물 안정성 증가에 기여하고자 식물추출물을 활용한 엇갈이 배추의 생육특성을 조사하였다. 선행연구 결과를 바탕으로 자원식물류 5종(쇠비름, 소리쟁이, 명아주, 박주가리, 환삼덩굴)과 허브류 5종(메리골드, 서던우드, 캐모마일, 애플민트, 로즈마리), 식용작물류 5종(양파, 마늘, 부추, 차즈기, 들깨) 등 추출 대상 식물 15종을 60℃에서 3일간 건조시켜 마쇄하였다. 이후 각 식물체 100g을 35% 에틸알코올 1,000ml에서 7일간 추출하였다. 추출물은 30%로 희석하여 주 2회씩 총 3주간 배추에 엽면살포하였다. 엽면적, 엽수, 지상부 및 지하부 생체중 등 생육특성을 7일 간격으로 조사하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 엽면적과 엽폭은 환삼덩굴 처리구에서 104.58cm²와 9.80cm로 가장 넓었고, 엽장은 박주가리 처리구에서 25.24cm로 가장 길었으며, 지하부 생체중은 메리골드 처리구에서 6.24g으로 가장 높았다. 엽수는 애플민트와 마늘 처리구에서 6.4개로 가장 많았고, 지상부 생체중과 엽록소는 집단 간 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 전반적으로 무처리 대비 엽면적 22%, 엽폭 18%의 유의한 생장 차이를 보인 환삼덩굴 추출물과 엽면적 12%, 엽장 17%의 생장 차이를 보인 박주가리 추출물, 엽면적 10%, 엽폭 9%의 생장 차이를 보인 양파 추출물이 엇갈이 배추 생육에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과 환삼덩굴, 박주가리, 양파 등 일부 식물추출물이 엇갈이 배추의 생육을 증진시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타나 주말농장 등 도시텃밭에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다. 향후 식물추출물의 효과성을 증진시키기 위해 추출 방법과 적정 농도, 보관 시기 등에 대한 연구와 함께 도시텃밭 해충방제 효과를 알아보기 위한 약해검정과 살충효과를 분석할 필요성이 있다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.237-243
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• 2009

This study was conducted to develop economic injury level (ElL) and economic threshold (ET) of Cabbage armyworm, Mamestra brassicae L. on cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var). The changes of cabbage biomass and M. brassicae density were investigated after introduction of larval M. brassicae (2nd instar) at different densities: 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 larvae per plant at 40 d after planting for an open field experiment, and 0, 2, 5, 8 and 12 larvae per plant at 25 d after planting for a glass house experiment. In the field experiment, the yield loss of cabbage was not significantly different among treated-plots at 30 d after the larval introduction, showing an over-compensatory response of cabbage plants to M. brassicae attack. In the glasshouse experiment, however, the biomass of cabbage at 15 d after the larval introduction significantly decreased with increasing the initial introduced number of M. brassicae, resulting in 38.3, 36.7, 21.7, 23.3 and 16.7g in above treated-plots, respectively. The relationship between cumulative insect days (CID) and yield loss (%) of cabbage was well described by a nonlinear logistic equation. Using the estimated equation, ElL of M. brassicae on cabbage was estimated at 44 CID per plant based on the yield loss 14%, which take into account of an empirical gain threshold 5% and marketable rate 91% of cabbage. Also, ET was calculated at 80% of the EIL: 35 CID per plant. Until a more elaborate EIL-model is developed, the present result may be useful for M. brassicae management at early growth stage of cabbage.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.617-627
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• 2013

This study was conducted to survey the current pest occurrence and grower's pest management practices, and to investigate biodiversity including birds, snakes, rodents, and amphibians in organic pear orchards. From the questionnaires and field survey of 22 organic orchards in 2010, the materials such as lime sulphur, plant extracts and their mixtures with microorganisms, and oils were preferred over insecticides. Scab, mealybugs, woollybugs and barkminers were the major pests for organic pear growers. Environment-friendly fungicides and insecticides were applied 9 to 10 and 5 to 6 times respectively. Incidence and severity of scab on Niitaka pear fruits in organic orchards was higher than in conventional ones. Whereas for mealybugs there was no significant difference between organic and conventional orchards. Pear fruits in organic orchards were significantly smaller than those of non-organic orchards. For the biodiversity of amphibians, snakes, pheasants, and rodents, there was no significant difference between organic and conventional orchards, but Rufous turtle doves were monitored more in organic areas than in conventional ones.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.159-164
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• 2016

The winter cherry bug (Acanthocoris sordidus Thunberg, Coreidae, Hemiptera) is a insect pest that have a piercing sucking type mouthpart, and it is injured to solanaceous plants including pepper plant. For the control of the winter cherry bug, 20 organic synthetic insecticides and 7 environmental friendly agricultural materials (EFAMs) were selected with single formulation. Fenitrothion, fenthion and phenthoate were significantly higher mortality to adults and 3rd instar nymphs of winter cherry bug as over 95 and 100 % after 72 hours with treatment. Otherwise, in case of EFAMs, there is no significantly higher effective materials to adults and 3rd instar nymphs of winter cherry bug. Eighty percentage of Sophora flavescens was showed only around 50% mortality with the high variation after 72 hours with treatment against adult of the winter cherry bug.