• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.73-92
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• 1998

Today the number of high school drop-outs is increasing , and also it is serious social problems. But almost factor analyses on the drop-outs are projected by questionnaire. This paper find out by the real data form the concerned documents what factors of drop-outs are. In order to accomplish this study purpose, the methodology are used such as Fequency Analysis, Correlation Analysis, Crosstabulation Analysis. Through the this study this paper could siome suggestions as followings. The first , all education authority should analysis what factors of drop-outs and what drop-out situation is . The second, every teacher should counsel with all problem students sincerely regarding to their characters, future occupations, life course and etc. The third, the most and worst important factors of drop-out is runaway. Because it is very difficult for teacher to teach, lead and guide a runaway student, therefore thepreventino of runaway is efficient for reducing of drop-outs. The fouth, the students violating rules are retrained propoerly in view of guide for good path. The fifth, besides of the above factors. there are drop-out factors such as the health, disease, dafety accidents . All parents. teachers, and students should try their best to solve. To the end, education authority try to encourage teachers to do their role with maximum sense of duty.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.199-202
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• 2001

A case study classified applications which is marine systhesize, port construction, marine product and fishery, marine transportation, marine safety. And this each case investigated that GIS system, Database, system contents and the subjective management, system strong and weakness. And so analysis a current issues that marine GIS developmental policy establishment

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.73-84
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• 2000

Shipping industry continues to face dramatic changes in its environment ranging from development in containerization, computerization and telecommunications to the emergence of global marketplace. Perhaps the most significant trend - representing both a threat and opportunity - is the increasingly competitive nature of shipping service market. In order for the shipping companies to cope with those improvements and challenges, they should analyze and clarify customer's DM(decision making) process for the purchase of container shipping service. The major research findings from the study were found as follows; 1) The degree of shipper's involvement in purchasing shipping services was found to be a discriminating variable affecting the information sources consisting of personal and non-personal information sources. 2) The positive relationship was found between the experiences on shipping services and non-personal information sources. 3) It was observed that as people had more experience searching for information, the more in depth their searches became. 4) There existed a positive relationship between knowledges on shipping services and information search. 5) According to the SEM analysis, the shipper's information search on shipping services was also found to have a great influence on the shipper's purchasing behavior. The shipper's search was resulted in positive customer satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.65-113
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• 1983

A lot of studies of ship's economy are on the traditional fields such asreducing propulsion resistance, raising cargo handling rates and lessening building consts, but there are few researches on the merchant ship's economy concerning their deadweights and speeds according to shipping companies managerial cercumstances. Contrary to the contemporary trend that "the bigger, the better, if the cargo handling rate could increased sufficiently to hold down port time to that rate of smmaler vessels", this paper demonstrates the existence of certain limits in ship's size and speed according to the coditions of the freight rates, voyage distances, cargo handing rates, prices of fuel oil, interst rates etc. Fom the curves of criteria contour for various ship's deadweights and speeds which are depicted from the gird search method, one can get the costs and the yearly profit rates under the conditiions of large volume with long term contracts for the transportation of bulk cargoes. In estimating ship's transportation economy, the auther takes the position that the profit rate method is properer than the cost method, and introduces the calculation table of the voyage profit rate index. The use of the criteria contours will be of help to ship owners in determining the size and speed of the ship which will be built or purchased and serve in a certain trade route.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.59-76
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• 1996

We have implemented the questionnaire survey to study the structure of consciousness of collegian and the Change of the worth view of the vocation on totally 832 collegians who attended to fisheries and martime colleges. The results were as follows : Most collegian had selected college and department by means of surrounding recommendation and acquired scores without regarding his own aptitude and prospect. The educational aims of the collegian who majored in fisheries and maritime field are to carry out the theory and practise along with emphasizing technical education and human-being education together. Concerning to the status of professor. Most collegian had wanted professor not only who had much comprehensive faculty but also who pointed out than well teaching professor. The collegian who consult their prospect with professor was very rare and they were very negative for the learning majoring in fisheries and maritime field. Because the practice guidance was not accomplished effectively on the account of social aspect, most collegian has avoided jobs relating to fisheries and maritime field. Also, they had selected short term on the job training couse aboard the ship.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.549-554
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• 2009

Wind velocity and wind direction are very important in the viewpoint of ship's safety and stability of port structure. The characteristics of wind distribution in the coast of Busan are analyzed for 10 years from 1997 to 2006 using AWS(Automatic Weather System) data. The characteristics of wind distribution of Miryang, is not affected by the land and sea breeze are also examined to understand clearly the characteristics of wind distribution in the coast of Busan. The mean wind velocity in the coast of Busan is stronger than that of Miryang. The mean wind velocitie at Youngdo and Gadukdo stations of Busan are stronger about 2.0 times than those at IlGwang, Haeundae and Daeyeon stations. The correlation a states show that the variation tendencies of monthly mean wind velocitie in the coast of Busan are very similar. The maximum monthly mean velocitie in the coast of Busan are recorded in September. This re ult is closely related to the influence of typhoon. The maximum instantaneous wind velocitie are also strong at Youngdo and Gadukdo stations and the peaks of maximum instantaneous wind $velocit^9$ are observed mainly from August to September. In the coast of Busan, the SW'ly-NNE'ly wind are prevailing in the winter and the SW'ly and NE'ly wind are predomi snt in the spring. w that the vs of wind direction in the summer and athumn are similar with those in the spring and winter, respectively.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

Butyltin compounds (BTs) were determined in surface sediment samples from Ulsan Bay in 2009 and 2011, to assess the contamination status and the effectiveness of tributylin (TBT) restriction of Korea. Dibutyltin and TBT concentrations in sediments in 2011 ranged from 19.5 to 980 and 14.2 to 1204 ng Sn $g^{-1}$ dry weight, respectively. The highest TBT concentration was found in a big shipyard complex and the next highest was found in harbor, suggesting that harbor and shipyard activities are a major contamination source of TBT in Ulsan Bay. Concentrations of BTs in Ulsan Bay sediments were significantly lower in 2009 and 2011 than that in 2003 survey previously reported, probably as a consequence of the legislative action in Korea. However, TBT concentrations in sediments still exceeded ecotoxicological values. Therefore, it will be important to monitor and reduce TBT contamination in sediments until the levels fall well below ecotoxicological levels.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

This study attempts to establish a precise forecast model for the container inventory demand of shipping companies through forecasts based on equipment type/size, ports, and weekly system dynamics. The forecast subjects were Shanghai and Yantian Ports. Only dry containers (20, 40) and high cubes (40) were used as the subject container inventory in this study due to their large demand and valid data computation. The simulation period was from 2011 to 2017 and weekly data were used, applying the actual data frequency among shipping companies. The results of the model accuracy test obtained through an application of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) verified that the forecast model for dry 40' demand, dry 40' high cube demand, dry 20' supply, dry 40' supply, and dry 40' high cube supply in Shanghai Port provided an accurate prediction, with $0%{\leq}MAPE{\leq}10%$. The forecast model for supply and demand in Shanghai Port was otherwise verified to have relatively high prediction power, with $10%{\leq}MAPE{\leq}20%$. The forecast model for dry 40' high cube demand and dry 20' supply in Yantian Port was accurate, with $0%{\leq}MAPE{\leq}10%$. The forecast model for supply and demand in Yantian Port was generally verified to have relatively high prediction power, with $10%{\leq}MAPE{\leq}20%$. The forecast model in this study also had relatively high accuracy when compared with the actueal data managed in shipping companies.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.264-272
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• 2019

In this study, the rate of return on investment used as a proxy variable for the entity's value and financial structure (liability ratio) is related to positive balance. This is consistent with the Static Tradeoff Theory (STT) that the entity's value and financial structure are related to a positive balance because the capital expense of a debt (tax-saving effects) that is less than its equity cost before it is in financial difficulty. Also, operating profitability (EBITDA/Sales), investment safety, total asset growth, net working capital and depreciation expenses are related to negative (-) with financial structure (liability ratio). This is the result of an analysis consistent with the Pecking Order Theory (POT). Fuel costs, borrowing, total asset turnover, financial costs, and tangible asset ratios have a significant positive relationship with the debt ratio. This is consistent with the agency theory and confirms that excessive chartering expenses, such as the bankrupt H company, are the main factors that pressure the financial structure of Korean ocean carriers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.16-26
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• 2024

Purpose: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic condition marked by persistent elevated blood sugar levels resulting from insulin resistance. The effective management of diabetes mellitus involves strict regulation of the blood glucose levels. This study examined the effects of Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.) berry (AOB) on insulin resistance and hyperglycemia using a type 2 diabetes mellitus animal model. Methods: Eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups. The control group received a basal diet, while the high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) group was fed a HFHS diet containing 27% sucrose and 33% lard for 12 weeks. The low AOB (LAOB) and high AOB (HAOB) groups were offered a HFHS diet with a 0.5% and 1.0% AOB extract, respectively. Results: The HAOB group showed significantly lower epididymal fat pad weight than the HFHS group. The LAOB and HAOB groups showed lower serum glucose levels and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance values than the HFHS group, and the HAOB group has lower serum insulin levels than the HFHS group. Supplementation with HAOB decreased serum cholesterol levels significantly compared with the HFHS group. The consumption of LAOB and HAOB reduced the serum triglyceride and hepatic total lipids and triglyceride levels compared to the HFHS group. In addition, LAOB and HAOB consumption in mice fed a HFHS diet increased adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase protein expression. Insulin receptor substrate-2 protein expression in the HAOB group was significantly higher than the HFHS group. Conclusion: AOB can alleviate hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus partly by mitigating insulin resistance.