• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.405-412
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• 2014

A number of algal bloom models (red-tide models) have been developed and applied to simulate the redtide growth and decline patterns as the interest on the phytoplankton blooms has been continuously increased. The quantitative error analysis of the model is of great importance because the accurate prediction of the red-tide occurrence and transport pattern can be used to setup the effective mitigations and counter-measures on the coastal ecosystem, aquaculture and fisheries damages. The word "red-tide model" is widely used without any clear definitions and references. It makes the comparative evaluation of the ecological models difficult and confusable. It is highly required to do the performance test of the red-tide models based on the suitable classification and appropriate error analysis because model structures are different even though the same/similar words (e.g., red-tide, algal bloom, phytoplankton growth, ecological or ecosystem models) are used. Thus, the references on the model classification are suggested and the advantage and disadvantage of the models are also suggested. The processes and methods on the performance test (quantitative error analysis) are recommend to the practical use of the red-tide model in the coastal seas. It is suggested in each stage of the modeling procedures, such as verification, calibration, validation, and application steps. These suggested references and methods can be attributed to the effective/efficient marine policy decision and the coastal ecosystem management plan setup considering the red-tide and/or ecological models uncertainty.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.187-191
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• 2006

This research is about the optical characteristics of algae which is collected from Nam-Hae for basic research of red tide remote sensing technique development 21 kinds of red tide organisms were cultivated to investigate optical characteristics of them in the level of laboratory, and chlorophyll specific absorption coefficient $(a^*)$ and backscattering coefficient $(b_b^*)$ are estimated by using spectrophotometer. Absorption spectrums according to species appeared to range from 0.005 to 0.06 $(m^2/mg)$, and the shapes of spectrums were also different. The range of $b_b^*$ appeared to be $10^{-2}\sim10^{-4}m^2/mg$, which had about 100 times differences between species, and the shape of spectrum have significant difference between species. These results will input as an ocean color model input parameter from ocean color.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.217-232
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• 1999

The author made a special review on/red-tides from the following points: definition, terms, yearly progress of researches, causative organisms, searching the causes, toxins, a loss of lives, damages of aquatic products, reducing aquacultural damages and removal efficiency. Red-tides in Korea were caused by diatoms in the early 1960’s, in the end of 1970’s it was caused by non-toxic dinoflagellates when marine pollutions were growing more and more serious. In the end of 1980’s, red-tides were caused by toxic dinoflagellates. Red-tide was only found in selected areas at first, but recently large-scaled red-tides are frequently found in the southern coastal waters of Korea, causing huge losses of marine life. A plan is greatly needed to reduce the damaging red-tides, and removal systems need to be developed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.125-135
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• 2001

The research on Harmful Algal Blooms is generally in progress through field work, such as the naked eye and sampling. It was difficult to forecast exactly the course, from appearance of red tide to disappearance, with the established ways of investigation and analysis. Accordingly it is need to analyze environmental factors in time and space, the appearance of red tide and the path of its migration by more objective and scientific methods. In this study the remote sensing was used to diminish damage from the occurrence of red tide. Such as a temperature change of sea water and a change of tidal currents, the major cause for red tide. The probed data were utilized. The technique for forecast of red tide phenomenon on the south coast was researched by analyzing the cause of red tide, pollutant flowed from landand the possibility of application of the technique was showed.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.3 s.119
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• pp.263-269
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• 2007

The outbreaks of red tide were sporadic in the South Sea until 1994, but have become frequent and widespread in whole coastal waters of the South Sea and East Sea since 1995 For monitoring of red tide, many kinds of techniques such as remote sensing, GIS and fuzzy model system have been developed and applied. The purpose of this paper is to develop red tide monitoring system for collection of red tide data and biological-oceanography parameters using wireless sensor network. The wireless sensor network has been noticed as a core technology in order to realize ubiquitous computing. In this paper, we design red tide database using wireless sensor network and suggest red tide monitoring software and web-service for user and biological-oceanographer.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.469-472
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• 2006

The primary objective of this study was to gain insight into the characteristics of algal blooms in relation to the marine environment of the Korean Southern Coast, using more than 22 years worth of data since the first known occurrence of algal blooms. Algal blooms tend to occur when the precipitation or water temperature for a ten-day period prior to the annual bloom exceeds the long-term mean value. There are three notable causative species in six different inner bays, namely Prorocentrum sp., Skeletonema costatum, and Heterosigma akashiwo, and in addition, these three species appeared in different conditions of water temperature and salinity at each region.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.1235-1240
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• 2003

선박이 배출하는 안정수(ballast water)는 외부로부터 유해 생물들이 유입되어 전파해 오는 주요경로로써, 해양환경 변화를 초래하는 매우 중요하고 위험한 일중의 하나이다. 그러나 이에 대한 효과적인 처리방법은 아직까지도 미흡한 상태이다. 선박 안정수에 포함되어 타지역으로부터 옮겨지는 외래침입생물 처리방안의 하나로, 강 전리방전 기술을 적용하여 고 밀집 산소와 물분자로부터 고농도 수산자유기(OH: hydroxyl radical)를 전리, 발생시켜서 활성입자를 신속히 확산시켜 비교적 낮은 수산기농도하에서 유해성 침입생물을 소멸 처리하는 환경 친화적 녹색 청정처리방법을 제안하였다. 제안된 기술은 대상물의 처리 후 부수적으로 발생할 수 있는 처리잔류물이 전혀 발생하지 않으며, 화학 약제를 사용하지 않는 저렴한 처리방법으로 선박안정수의 침입생물을 안전하게 처리할 수 있는 자연치유적 신기술이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2009

This research is about the inherent optical properties(IOPs) of algae which is collected from Nam-Hae for basic research of red tide remote sensing technique development. 21 kinds of red tide organisms were cultivated to investigate IOPs of them in the level of laboratory, and specific absorption coefficient of phytoplankton($a^*$) and backscattering coefficient of phytoplankton(${b_b}^*$) are estimated by using spectrophotometer. Absorption spectrums according to species appeared to range from 0.005 to 0.06 ($m^2{\cdot}mg^{-1}$), and the shapes of spectrums were also different. The range of ${b_b}^*$ appeared to be $10^{-2}{\sim}10^{-4}\;m^2{\cdot}mg^{-1}$, which had about 100 times differences between species, and the shape of spectrum have significant difference between species. These results will input as a remote sensing reflectance model input parameter from ocean color.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_1
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• pp.1541-1555
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• 2022

Red tide has potential to harm marine ecology and aquaculture. Research on detecting red tide using various optical remote sensors has been conducted, but most of existing algorithms for detecting red tide has limitations, especially in shallow coastal waters with high levels of suspended sediment. For enhanced understanding of the optical behavior of red tide waters, analysis on remote sensing reflectance and water constituent is becoming increasingly important. This study analyzed the optical remote sensing data and water quality variables(Chl-a_(Spec), SPM, a_ph, a_d, Turbidity, Chl-a_(HPLC), Dominant species) of red tide waters. The data were collected from ship-based campaigns. In addition to the research on detecting red tide, the remote sensing reflectance and extinction coefficients for mesodinium and cochlodinium species were also analyzed. Through the analysis, it was possible to estimate the red tide chlorophyll concentration based on a specific wavelength of the remote sensing reflectance. The study found that chlorophyll concentration and phytoplankton absorption coefficient were highly correlated(R²=0.9), and that the RE_diff formula provided a more accurate estimate of red tide concentration than the B-G ratio.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.145-145
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• 2020

가뭄은 과거부터 현재까지 국내뿐만 아니라 국외에서도 지속적으로 발생하고 있으며 가뭄피해를 줄이기 위하여 많은 연구가 과거에 수행되었고 현재까지도 진행되고 있다.(강동호 외 2명, 2019명) 가뭄은 일반적으로 강수량의 부족이 원인이 되어 나타나며 홍수와 달리 장기간에 걸쳐 광범위한 지역에 피해가 나타나는 특징이 있다. 그렇기에 가뭄은 감시 및 예측에 대한 어려움이 존재하며 우리나라에서도 가뭄으로 인해 수자원 공급 긴장상태를 경험하는 빈도가 점차 증가하고 있는 추세이다.(유지영 외 3명, 2016) 적조현상은 특정 조류의 폭발적인 증식으로 해수가 붉은 빛을 띄며 용존산소량을 부족하게 만들어 해양 생태계를 파괴하는 현상이다. 적조현상은 1990년대 이후 대규모 적조가 발생하여 1995년에는 적조로 인해 약 764억의 손실이 발생한 사례가 있다.(연합뉴스, 2019.09) 이후에도 적조현상은 점점 광역화, 장기화, 고밀도화 되면서 연평균 110억 이상의 피해를 지속적으로 주고 있다. 본 연구에서는 대상 지역을 대한민국 완도로 설정 하였다. 섬이라는 지역의 특성 상 가뭄이 발생하면 식수원의 공급이 어렵고 평시에도 물을 아끼기 위한 노력이 끊이지 않는 곳이다. 실제로 완도는 우리나라에서 가장 많은 피해이력이 있는 지역이다. 또 2016년 완도에서는 적조로 인해 전복이 집단 폐사하며 358억의 피해를 입은 사례가 있다.(중앙일보, 2016.09) 그렇기에 완도지역을 대상 지역으로 하여 비강우의 장기화 등의 이유로 나타나는 가뭄을 기상학적 가뭄지수 SPI를 활용하여 분석하고 ROC 분석을 통해 수온의 상승 시 나타나는 적조현상과의 관계를 분석함으로서 적조현상이 발생하는 한 척도로 가뭄의 발생 및 장기화를 생각 할 수 있는지 판단하고자 한다.