• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.237-242
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• 2019

Behavioral errors of the seafarers are one of the major causes of collisions and are usually corrected through education and training. To correct this behavioral error, the structure in which the behavioral error occurs needs to be identified and analyzed. For this purpose, behavior observation data were obtained through ship maneuvering simulation for collision encounters. The 9-state behavior classification frame proposed by Reason was used for the behavior observation and 50 university students were involved in the experiment. Behavioral analysis used the behavioral model of collision avoidance success and failure, which was developed from the 9-state Left-to-Right Hidden Markov modeling technique. As a result of the experiment, the difference between behaviors of success and failure of collision avoidance was clearly identified, and the linkage between 9-state behaviors, required to prevent collision, was derived.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.82-83
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• 2022

국제해상충돌예방규칙(COLREGs)에 관한 협약은 해상에서 발생하는 충돌사고를 방지하기 위한 규칙으로 구성되어 있으며, Seaman(선원)의 Qualitative Rule(질적 규칙)과 Ordinary practice(통상적인 관행)에 기초하고 있다. MASS의 출현으로 인하여 질적 규칙과 관행으로 인하여 COLREG를 기반으로 한 항법 해석의 기준의 다름이 발생하였고, 기준의 차이로 인해 충돌 상황에 대한 항법 해석의 모호성문제가 발생하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 COLREG의 항법 해석의 모호성을 규명하여 유인과 무인 사이의 충돌회피 상황을 명확히 하는 것을 목적으로 한다. COLREG를 기반으로 한 충돌 상황의 모호성을 식별하기 위해 실제 항해사를 대상으로 충돌 회피 상황에 대한 인식을 조사하고, 정면 및 횡단, 횡단 및 추월 상황을 기반으로 조사 결과를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 응답자들은 008°에서 마주치는 선박에 대해서 정면 또는 횡단 상황 항법 규칙을 적용해야 하는지, 160°에서 다가오는 선박에 대해서 추월 또는 횡단 상황을 적용해야 하는지에 대해 확신하지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 이러한 모호성의 증가와 함께 충돌회피상황의 수동적 행동보다 능동적인 행동을 취함으로써 선원에 의한 충돌위험을 회피하려는 경향이 더 강해짐을 나타낸다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.275-276
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• 2022

VTS operators instruct ships to wait for entry and departure to sail in one-way to prevent ship collision accidents in ports with narrow routes. Currently, the instructions are not based on scientific and statistical data. As a result, there is a significant deviation depending on the individual capability of the VTS operators. Accordingly, this study built a 1d-convolutional neural network model by collecting ship and weather data to predict the exact travel time for ship entry/departure waiting for instructions in the port. It was confirmed that the proposed model was improved by more than 4.5% compared to other ensemble machine learning models. Through this study, it is possible to predict the time required to enter and depart a vessel in various situations, so it is expected that the VTS operators will help provide accurate information to the vessel and determine the waiting order.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.227-233
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• 2011

Korea coastal area is highly potential dangerous zone of marine accident due to frequent ship's encounters. VTS center can't identify ship's information because of beyond VHF range. It is also difficult of us to efficiently manage vessel traffic beyond VTS control area, so that it can't prevent marine accident. Presently, korean government is conducting maritime traffic safety assessment according to enlargement of harbor & development of new port but do not have the system which provide danger of information depending on maritime traffic environment with real time. So it is necessary to develop evaluation index which can assess sea risk through the evaluation of maritime traffic environment. In this paper, on the basis of vessel navigator's risk consciousness, we carried out survey & statistical analysis vessel navigator's subjective risk depending on the LOA, crossing situation($045^{\circ}$, $090^{\circ}$, $135^{\circ}$), overtaking, head-on situation, encountering vessel's side, within or outside harbor, speed with other vessel(ex. same, fast or slow), speed difference with other vessel and distance with other vessel & propose basic expression to develop maritime traffic safety evaluation model. And by using this model, we can confirm that this proposing expression is suitable for domestic maritime traffic environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2021

The marine transport industry generally applies new technologies later than other transport industries, such as airways and railways. Vessels require efficient operation, and their performance and lifespan depend on the level of maintenance and management. Many studies have shown that corrective maintenance (CM) and time-based maintenance (TBM) have restrictions with respect to enabling efficient maintenance of workload and cost to improve operational efficiency. Predictive maintenance (PdM) is an advanced technology that allows monitoring the condition and performance of a target machine to predict its time of failure and helps maintain the key machinery in optimal working conditions at all times. This study presents the development of a marine predictive maintenance (MPdM; maritime predictive maintenance) method based on applying PdM to the marine environment. The MPdM scheme is designed by considering the special environment of the marine transport industry and the extreme marine conditions. Further, results of the study elaborates upon the concept of MPdM and its necessity to advancing marine transportation in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.51-57
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• 2023

Numerous studies have been conducted to analyze the causal relationships of maritime accidents using natural language processing techniques. However, when multiple causes and effects are associated with a single accident, the effectiveness of extracting these causal relations diminishes. To address this challenge, we compiled a dataset using verdicts from maritime accident cases in this study, analyzed their causal relations, and applied labeling considering the association information of various causes and effects. In addition, to validate the efficacy of our proposed methodology, we fine-tuned the KoELECTRA Korean language model. The results of our validation process demonstrated the ability of our approach to successfully extract multiple causal relationships from maritime accident cases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.192-197
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• 2003

A virtual vessel traffic control system is introduced to contribute to prevent a marine accident, e.g. ship collision or stranding. from happening. The system that comes from VTS limitaions, consists of both data acquisition by satellite remote sensing and a simulation of traffic environment stress (here, INOUE model used) based on the satellite data. Remotely sensed data cab be used to provide timely and detailed information about the marine safety, including the location, speed and direction of ships, and help us operate vessels safely and efficiently. If in the future, e.g. 5-minute after, environmental stress values that a ship may encounter on a voyage can be available, proper actions can be taken to prevent accidents. It lastly can be shown that JERS satellite data are used to track ships and extract their information.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.337-342
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• 2014

This paper is aims to build the advancement structural model of GICOMS through identification of required system and improvement for implementation of e-Navigation. We derived nine improvement subject for model of advanced GICOMS through the analysis of problems for GICOMS and brainstorming with expert in the maritime safety. And we analyzed the structure of nine improvement subject using by FSM(Fuzzy Structural Modeling) method, and proposed a structural model that to grasp the correlation between elements. As a result, we found out that "advancement of GICOMS" is the final goal, and "improvement a system of information production", "improvement a scheme of information providing", "linkage between GICOMS and VTS" and "building global networks for safety cooperation" are located lowest level. Especially, "advancement of GICOMS" is influenced by "advancement function of VMS" and "Activation of usage" on middle level. We suggested that utilizing state-of-the-art IT facilities, equipment and expertise to improve and enhance the user-centered transition such as maritime workers for advancement of GICOMS based on proposed structure model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.670-678
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• 2018

In coastal waters where the traffic volume of the ship is high, there is a high possibility of a collision accident because complicated encounter situations frequently occurs between ships. To reduce the collision accidents at sea, a quantitative collision risk assessment is required in addition to the navigator's compliance with COLREG. In this study, a new collision risk assessment system was developed to evaluate the collision risk on ship's planned sailing routes. The appropriate collision risk assessment method was proposed on the basis of reviewing existing collision risk assessment models. The system was developed using MATLAB and it consists of three parts: Map, Bumper and Assessment. The developed system was applied to the test sea area with simple computational conditions for testing and to actual sea areas with real computational conditions for validation. The results show the length of own ship, ship's sailing time and sailing routes affect collision risks. The developed system is expected to be helpful for navigators to choose the optimum safe route before sailing.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.395-403
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• 2004

The prevention of marine accidents has been a major topic in marine society and various policies and countermeasures have been developed, applied to the industries. The coastal VTS and navigational aids are considered as one of the effective methods to promote marine safety but they need relatively huge amount of budgets to build Thus prior to establishing these coastal VTS and navigational aids, it should be evaluated the navigational safety level in the coastal waterways from the Environmental Stress. So far as human beings are concerned, there are many types of fuzziness in the evaluation of navigational safety level. In order to reflect these fuzziness on this evaluation, this paper introduces the fuzzy integral suggested by Choquet to represent the fuzziness in the evaluation process. This paper aims to develop the method for this evaluation from the viewpoint of mariner's operational stress using the fuzzy measure and Choquet integral. In this paper, Korean coastal area is divided into 8 sectors and evaluated the priority for the needs of coastal VTS and navigational aids.