• Title/Summary/Keyword: 해안평야

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Prediction of the Flight Times of Hydrochara affinis and Sternolophus rufipes in Paddy Fields Based on RCP 8.5 Scenario (RCP 8.5 기후변화 시나리오를 적용한 논 서식 애물땡땡이 (Sternolophus rufipes)와 잔물땡땡이(Hydrochara affinis)의 비행시기 예측)

  • Choi, Soon-Kun;Kim, Myung-Hyun;Choe, Lak-Jung;Eo, Jinu;Bang, Hea-Son
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.16-29
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    • 2016
  • The total area of paddy field was estimated to be 55 % of the cultivated lands in South Korea, which is approximately 1 million hectares. Organisms inhabiting paddy fields if they are sensitive to environmental changes can be environmental indicator of paddy fields. Biological indicators such as phenology and distributional range are evaluated as intuitive and quantitative method to analyze the impact of climate change. This study aims to estimate flight time change of Hydrophilidae species' based on the RCP 8.5 climate change scenario. Unmanned monitoring systems were installed in Haenam, Buan, Dangjin and Cheorwon relative to the latitudinal gradient. In the three regions excepting Cheorwon, it was able to measure the abundance of flying Hydrochara affinis and Sternolophus rufipes. Degree-day for the flight time was determined based either on field measurement values and estimates of 2020s, 2050s and 2080s from KMA climate change scenario data. As a result, it is found that date of both species of initial flight becomes 15 days earlier, that of peak flight becomes 22 days earlier and that of final flight does 27 days earlier in 2080s compared to 2020s. The climate change impact on flight time is greater in coastal area, rural area and valley than inland area, urban area and plan. H. affinis and S. rufipes can be used as climate change indicator species.

Reconstruction of Post-Glacial Environmental Changes in Yeongjong-do Island Based on Palynological Evidences (화분분석에 기초한 후빙기 영종도의 환경변화)

  • PARK, Ji-hoon;PARK, Kyeong
    • Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.173-185
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    • 2012
  • Authors performed pollen analysis in deposits at a coastal plain at Yeongjong-do Island located in Incheon, South Korea. Sampling site (7.2 m a.s.l.) belongs to the cool temperate deciduous broad-leaf forest. Environmental changes since 8,900 yrs B.P. reconstructed from pollen analysis are as follows; JS-I stage (c.a. 8,900~8,500 yrs B.P. ) was cool temperate northern mixed-forest which is comparable to the early PostGlacial pollen stage RI in Japan, in which Pinus and Quercus were dominant and Abies and Picea were also found. At that time, climate was relatively cooler and dryer than today. JS-II stage (sometime between 8,500~4,000 yrs B.P.) was Pinus-dominant coniferous forest, which is comparable to the mid-Post-Glacial pollen stage RII. Mixed forest of Pinus, Quercus and Carpinus was dominant in JS-III stage (c.a. 4,000 yrs B.P). We assumed that JS-II and JS-III stage were relatively warmer and more humid than JS-I stage, and were more like present conditions. JS-IV stage (sometime between 4,000~900 yrs B.P.) was Pinus-dominant coniferous forest which is comparable to the late Post-Glacial pollen stage RIII. JS-V stage (c.a. 900 yrs B.P. ~present) was second growth Pinus-dominant coniferous forest stage. During the last stage, non-arboreal pollen was more common than arboreal pollen and Fagopyrum appeared among the herbaceous plant, which indicates that it is comparable to the RIIIb stage which was the age of human interference. From the JS-V stage, humans in the study site started agricultural activities.

The Climatic Change during the Historical Age inferred from Vegetation Environment in Alpine Moorsin the Korean Peninsula (한반도 고산습지의 식생환경과 역사시대 기후변화)

  • Yoon, Soon-Ock;Kim, Minji;Hwang, Sangill
    • Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.69-83
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    • 2014
  • This study examines vegetation and climate changes from pollen compositions of alpine moors in the Korean Peninsula such as Mujechineup at Mt. Jeongjok, Yongneup at Mt. Daeam, Jilmoineup at Mt. Odae and Wangdeungjaeneup at Mt. Jiri including moors at Mt. Jeombong. It can be found that the alpine moors were less interfered by human than low moors during the past 2,000 years of the historical age. Based on dominant periods of Pinus and Quercus, pollen compositions of the alpine wetlands, climatic environments of vegetation and historical records, vegetation and climate changes during three periods such as approximately 2,000~1,000 yr BP, 1,000~400 yr BP and 400 yr BP~present are examined. It was warmer during the period of 1,000~400 yr BP than 2,000~1,000 yr BP. The period of approximately 400 yr BP indicate the coldest climate of Little Ice Age. This study finds dominances of Quercus, low NAP/AP ratios, obvious divisions of pollen zones and human interference after 400 yr BP from pollen compositions of the alpine moors during the historical age. Human interference in the high moors becomes obvious after approximately 400 yr BP, indicating that there is a time lack of approximately 1,500~2,000 years between the alpine and low moors.

Liquefaction Hazard Assessment according to Seismic Recurrence Intervals Using Simple Estimating Method in Busan City, Korea (간이평가법을 이용한 지진재현주기별 부산광역시 액상화 재해 평가)

  • Lim, Hyunjee;Jeong, Rae-yoon;Oh, Dongha;Kang, Hyejin;Son, Moon
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.589-602
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    • 2020
  • As can be seen in many earthquakes, liquefaction causes differential settlement, which sometimes produces serious damages such as building destruction and ground subsidence. There are many possible active faults near the Busan city and the Yangsan, Dongrae, and Ilgwang faults among them pass through the city. The Busan city is also located within the influence of recent earthquakes, which occurred in the Gyeongju, Pohang, and Kumamoto (Japan). Along the wide fault valleys in the city, the Quaternary unconsolidated alluvial sediments are thickly accumulated, and the reclaimed lands with beach sediments are widely distributed in the coastal area. A large earthquake near or in the Busan city is thus expected to cause major damage due to liquefaction in urban areas. This study conducted an assessment of the liquefaction hazard according to seismic recurrence intervals across the Busan city. As a result, although there are slight differences in degree depending on seismic recurrence intervals, it is predicted that the liquefaction potential is very high in the areas of the Nakdonggang Estuary, Busan Bay, Suyeong Bay, and Songjeong Station. In addition, it is shown that the shorter the seismic recurrence interval, the greater difference the liquefaction potential depending on site periods.

A Study on the Evacuation Behavior of Students Due to Tsunami Occurrence in Coastal Areas: Focusing on the Great East Japan Earthquake (연안지역 지진해일 발생에 따른 학생들의 피난행동에 관한 연구 -동일본 대지진을 중심으로-)

  • Won-Jo Jung;Akihito Souda;Takashi Yokota;Tadasu Iida;Koji Itami;Myung-Kwon Lee
    • Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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    • v.47 no.1
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    • pp.18-24
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    • 2023
  • After the Great East Japan Earthquake, many reports and books that compiled testimonies of adult victims were published. Thus, refugee situations are well known, but information on the refugee situations of Japanese students is not. This is because what actions the students took and how they sought refuge from an earthquake or tsunami have not been fully recognized. The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze students' refuge behavior in the Great East Japan Earthquake and to predict the refuge behavior of students affected by future disasters. The results of the study showed that students passively acquired information about earthquakes and tsunamis and that their refuge behavior was highly dependent on adults. Immediately after an earthquake, people tended to protect themselves and stay in place until the shaking stopped. However, they tended to move to another place after the shaking occurred frequently. Students living on ria coastlines were likely to move to high places to escape the threat of earthquakes and tsunamis, whereas students living in plain regions were likely to move vertically to tall buildings, such as schools. As for the mode of movement to refugee shelters, the students arrived at the final refugee shelters in one move, and it is assumed that the refugee shelters should be decided in advance and the students should move there.

Holocene climate characteristics in Korean Peninsula with the special reference to sea level changes (해수면 변동으로 본 한반도 홀로세(Holocene) 기후변화)

  • Hwang, Sangill;Yoon, Soon-Ock
    • Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.235-246
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    • 2011
  • Sea level fluctuations during the Holocene reconstructed by the results of age dating, microfossils researches and sedimentary facies from coastal alluvial plains contain the valuable informations on climatic changes. The sea level during 'maximum phase of transgression' during 6,000~5,000 yr BP was slightly higher than the present by approximately 0.8~1.0 m and the summer temperature conditions seemed to be higher than those of the present by 2~3℃ in the Central Europe when the period of 'Climatic Optimum' might be dominant. The sea level in Korean Peninsula was assumed by 0.8~1.0 m higher at that time compared to the present and climate seemed to be warmer. At 2,000~1,800 yr BP in Korean Peninsula, the sea level reached the higher stand than the present by approximately 1.1~1.3 m and the climatic conditions might be warm similar to the period of 'Climatic Optimum'. Although the temperature in the Central Europe during the period of 'Subboreal' was about 2~3℃ cooler, it is supposed that the sea level in Korean Peninsula was relatively higher than the present. The sea level at 2,300 yr BP might be similar to that of the present, which was the lowest level since the mid-Holocene. From the fact, climatic environment during the cold period might not be reflected exactly in the sea level.

Determination of Safe Cropping Season in Direct- Seeding of Rice on Flooded Paddy by Using Effective Temperatures in Agroclimatic Zones (농업기후지대별 작물생육 유효기온 출현특성에 따른 벼 담수직파 안전작기 설정)

  • Shim Kyo-Moon;Lee Jeong-Taek;Yun Seong-Ho;Choi Don-Hyang
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.72-80
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    • 1999
  • The study was conducted to establish the safe cropping season for direct- seeding on flooded paddy by the analysis of meteorological data(l973~1992, 20 years) from Korea Meteorological Administration. The critical date for early seeding(CDES) at direct- seeding culture on flooded paddy was decided by the appearance date of daily mean air temperature(DMAT) of 15$^{\circ}C$. The optimum heading date(OHD) was the first day when 22$^{\circ}C$ of daily mean air temperature could be kept for 40 days of ripening period after heading, and the critical date of late heading for safe ripening(CDHR) was the last day when 19$^{\circ}C$ of daily mean air temperature could be kept for 40 days after heading. The optimum seeding date(OSD) and the critical date for late seeding(CDLS) could be decided by the accumulated temperature from OHD and CDHR to the appearance dates of necessary temperatures for early, intermediate, and intermediately late maturing varieties. This results can be used for the determination of the safe cropping season of direct-seeding on flooded paddy in each agroclimatic zone. For instance, the OSD appearance date for early maturing variety in Suwon region appeared to be May 11~20 and the CDLS appearance date was May 31~June 7.

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Temporal-Spatial Location of Dwelling Site in Asan Bay in the Neolithic Age (아산만지역(牙山灣地域) 신석기시대(新石器時代) 집자리의 시공적(時空的) 위치(位置))

  • Koo, Ja Jin
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.42 no.3
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    • pp.26-47
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    • 2009
  • This study examined dwelling site from among the sites of the Neolithic age found in the Asan Bay(牙山灣) area, and the temporal-spatial location and meaning of the dwelling site (settlement). The majority of the settlements in the area are of a square style but some coexist with rectangular-style settlements, which is noteworthy. The dwelling sites of the Neolithic age found in Asan Bay area are mostly located in a ridge of hilly areas, divided into gentle, low areas (20~50 meters above sea level) and relatively high areas (50~80 meters above the sea level). Although location strongly corresponded to the residents' subsistence and the technical levels within the culture, it likely was greatly affected by natural environment where they lived, as well. In examining radiocarbon dating results and the excavated artifacts, the settlements found in Asan Bay were determined to belong to the period II(3,500~3,000 B.C.) stated in the Relative Chronological table of Dwelling sites in the Neolithic age, written by the author. Said Dwelling sites are proven to have a close relationship with those found on the coast of Gyeonggi Province(京畿道) and in the Geum River(錦江) valley. This is deemed to be the result of expansion and interchange between Gyeonggi Province(京畿道) group and Geum River(錦江) valley group, who constituted the large settlements. Additionally, the Daecheon-ri type dwelling sites in the Geum River valley were verified to be the result of exchange, and spread to the Asan Bay area in the same era. Two forms of Dwelling sites coexisted dynamically in the Asan Bay area around 3,500 B.C. Such a phenomenon resulted primarily from the expansion of the dwelling site due to the introduction of primitive agriculture, as well as environmental (temperature), biological and social changes at those times.

'Samkwang1', a Medium Maturing, Multiple Disease Resistant, and High-quality Rice (중생 복합내병성 고품질 벼 '삼광1호')

  • Lee, Jeong-Heui;Won, Yong-Jae;Cho, Young-Chan;Lee, Jeom-Ho;Yang, Chang-Ihn;Kim, Myeong-Ki;Ahn, Eok-Keun;Suh, Jung-Pil;Lee, Sang-Bok;Jeon, Yong-Hee;Sung, Yeol-Kyu;Jeong, Eung-Gi;Ha, Woon-Goo;Chang, Jae-Ki;Jung, Kuk-Hyun;Yoon, Mi-Ra;Kang, Kyeong-Ho;park, Hyang-Mi;Roh, Jae-Hwan;Kim, Bo-Kyeong
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.50 no.4
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    • pp.490-496
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    • 2018
  • "Samkwang1," a japonica rice variety, was developed as a cross between "Samkwang" and F1 of Suwon152 (IT008283), which has a medium maturing and lodging resistance and Samkwang (IT284608), a high quality variety with bacterial blight resistance and mid-late maturing property by the rice breeding team at NICS in 2015. The heading date of "Samkwang1" was August 8 in the middle plain area, which was 2 days early than that of "Hwaseong." "Samkwang1" had a culm length of 77 cm, which was 7 cm shorter than that of "Hwaseong," and it had 128 spikelets per panicle. The viviparous germination rate of "Samkwang1" was 2.1%. "Samkwang1" showed resistance to blast, bacterial blight (K1, K2, and K3 race) and stripe virus, but was susceptible to the K3a race of bacterial blight, dwarf and black streak dwarf viruses, and plant hoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibits translucent and medium short grains. The cooked rice grains of "Samkwang1" have an excellent palatability index (0.35) and lower protein content (6.2%) than that of "Hwaseong." The characteristics related to grain milling were better than those of "Hwaseong," especially the head rice milling recovery ratio and head rice ratio (94.2%). "Samkwang1" showed 5.62 MT/ha of milled rice productivity at 11 sites under ordinary cultivation conditions (Registration No. 6798).

Characteristics and classification of paddy soils on the Gimje-Mangyeong plains (김제만경평야(金堤萬頃平野)의 답토양특성(沓土壤特性)과 그 분류(分類)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Shin, Yong Hwa
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.1-38
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    • 1972
  • This study, designed to establish a classification system of paddy soils and suitability groups on productivity and management of paddy land based on soil characteristics, has been made for the paddy soils on the Gimje-Mangyeong plains. The morphological, physical and chemical properties of the 15 paddy soil series found on these plains are briefly as follows: Ten soil series (Baeggu, Bongnam, Buyong, Gimje, Gongdeog, Honam, Jeonbug, Jisan, Mangyeong and Suam) have a B horizon (cambic B), two soil series (Geugrag and Hwadong) have a Bt horizon (argillic B), and three soil series (Gwanghwal, Hwagye and Sindab) have no B or Bt horizons. Uniquely, both the Bongnam and Gongdeog series contain a muck layer in the lower part of subsoil. Four soil series (Baeggu, Gongdeog, Gwanghwal and Sindab) generally are bluish gray and dark gray, and eight soil series (Bongnam, Buyong, Gimje, Honam, Jeonbug, Jisan, Mangyeong and Suam) are either gray or grayish brown. Three soil series (Geugrag, Hwadong and Hwagye), however, are partially gleyed in the surface and subsurface, but have a yellowish brown to brown subsoil or substrata. Seven soil series (Bongnam, Buyong, Geugrag, Gimje, Gongdeog, Honam and Hwadong) are of fine clayey texture, three soil series (Baeggu, Jeonbug and Jisan) belong to fine loamy and fine silty, three soil series (Gwanghwal, Mangyeong and Suam) to coarse loamy and coarse silty, and two soil series (Hwagye and Sindab) to sandy and sandy skeletal texture classes. The carbon content of the surface soil ranges from 0.29 to 2.18 percent, mostly 1.0 to 2.0 percent. The total nitrogen content of the surface soil ranges from 0.03 to 0.25 percent, showing a tendency to decrease irregularly with depth. The C/N ratio in the surface soil ranges from 4.6 to 15.5, dominantly from 8 to 10. The C/N ratio in the subsoil and substrata, however, has a wide range from 3.0 to 20.25. The soil reaction ranges from 4.5 to 8.0. All soil series except the Gwanghwal and Mangyeong series belong to the acid reaction class. The cation exchange cpacity in the surface soil ranges from 5 to 13 milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil, and in all the subsoil and substrata except those of a sandy texture, from 10 to 20 milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil. The base saturation of the soil series except Baeggu and Gongdeog is more than 60 percent. The active iron content of the surface soil ranges from 0.45 to 1.81 ppm, easily-reduceable manganese from 15 to 148 ppm, and available silica from 36 to 366 ppm. The iron and manganese are generally accumulated in a similar position (10 to 70cm. depth), and silica occurs in the same horizon with that of iron and manganese, or in the deeper horizons in the soil profile. The properties of each soil series extending from the sea shore towards the continental plains change with distance and they are related with distance (x) as follows: y(surface soil, clay content) = $$-0.2491x^2+6.0388x-1.1251$$ y(subsoil or subsurface soil, clay content) = $$-0.31646x^2+7.84818x-2.50008$$ y(surface soil, organic carbon content) = $$-0.0089x^2+0.2192x+0.1366$$ y(subsoil or subsurface soil, pH) = $$-0.0178x^2-0.04534x+8.3531$$ Soil profile development, soil color, depositional and organic layers, soil texture and soil reaction etc. are thought to be the major items that should be considered in a paddy soil classification. It was found that most of the soils belonging to the moderately well, somewhat poorly and poorly drained fine and medium textured soils and moderately deep fine textured soils over coarse materials, produce higher paddy yields in excess of 3,750 kg/ha. and most of the soils belonging to the coarse textured soils, well drained fine textured soils, moderately deep medium textured soils over coarse materials and saline soils, produce yields less than 3,750kg/ha. Soil texture of the profile, available soil depth, salinity and gleying of the surface and subsurface soils etc. seem to be the major factors determining rice yields, and these factors are considered when establishing suitability groups for paddy land. The great group, group, subgroup, family and series are proposed for the classification categories of paddy soils. The soil series is the basic category of the classification. The argillic horizon (Bt horizon) and cambic horizon (B horizon) are proposed as two diagnostic horizons of great group level for the determination of the morphological properties of soils in the classification. The specific soil characteristics considered in the group and subgroup levels are soil color of the profile (bluish gray, gray or yellowish brown), salinity (salic), depositonal (fluvic) and muck layers (mucky), and gleying of surface and subsurface soils (gleyic). The family levels are classified on the basis of soil reaction, soil texture and gravel content of the profile. The definitions are given on each classification category, diagnostic horizons and specific soil characteristics respectively. The soils on these plains are classified in eight subgroups and examined under the existing classification system. Further, the suitability group, can be divided into two major categories, suitability class and subclass. The soils within a suitability class are similar in potential productivity and limitation on use and management. Class 1 through 4 are distinguished from each other by combination of soil characteristics. Subclasses are divided from classes that have the same kind of dominant limitations such as slope(e), wettness(w), sandy(s), gravels(g), salinity(t) and non-gleying of the surface and subsurface soils(n). The above suitability classes and subclasses are examined, and the definitions are given. Seven subclasses are found on these plains for paddy soils. The classification and suitability group of 15 paddy soil series on the Gimje-Mangyeong plains may now be tabulated as follows.

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