• 아름다운작은공간 미소공
• /
• v.26
• /
• pp.18-21
• /
• 2002

• Korean Architects
• /
• no.2 s.442
• /
• pp.20-27
• /
• 2006

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.114-121
• /
• 1994

Population densities of intermediate nymphs and egg saw of Matsucoccus thunbergianae, a major insect pest of Pinus thunbergiona in southern coastal area of Korean peninsula, were est~mated. Tree samples of ca. 10cm D.B.H. were collected from old infestation area and newly invaded area. The numben of plimaly branches per tree were not significantly different by the locality, but those of secondaly and smaller branches were smaller in old infestation area The numbers of intermediate nymphs per tree in old infestation area and in newly invaded area were 10.8 and 13.1 times more than those on the trunk, respectively Approximately between 4, 200 and 208, 500 nymphs per tree were estimated. Men secondaw and smaller bmnch samples collected from the basal part of middle crown height, or from the central or the basal part of lower crown height, the number of samples required for the emr range of 20% were 21 and 11 far 10-20cm and 20-3 crn long branches, respectively. Approx~mately 63.6% of egg sacs of the whole tree were on the trunk. The node/intemode bearing the largest branch had the highest egg sac density; including that, four adjacent nodes/intemodes had ca. 37% of egg saw on the trunk.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.53-61
• /
• 1974

Pine forests existing in Hong-do island were examined as regarding such characteristics, tree form, needle length, branch diameter, bark colors, ratio of summer wood to springwood, location and number of resin canal and other measurements. Hong-do island, located the furthest west part of Korea, suports only Pinus densiflora but very few Pinus thunbergii, in fact the present authors could not find any black pine individuals at all through investigation. Checking 14 individual trees of red pine, more than age of 20, of the genetic contamination by black pine, in a certain degree, exist. Here, a very dense foliage type and a very sparse foliage type tree of red pine growing nearby was examined and the unique fact was that each of those type has only one (average number 1.3) accessory resin canal, while other trees have three as minimum or more. The present authors thought this island had not been covered by any Pinus thunbergii but by Pinus densiflora. It was thought that Pinus thunbergii stands grown along the sea-coast of Korean Peninsula are pollen donors to this island.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.295-298
• /
• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the changes in concentration of heavy metals in throughfall, stemflow and rainfall at the survey area. The Al concentration of Pinus thunbergii forest was 1.3 times higher than those of Quercus acutissima forest at industrial area, and 2.1 times higher at urban area. The Al concentration of stemflow was 2.3 times and 113 times, 4.8 times and 55 times, respectively, higher than those of throughfall, and rainfall at both industrial and urban area. The Al concentration of rainfall was lower at industrial and urban area. The Mn concentration of Pinus thunbergii forest was 2.4 times higher than those of Quercus acutissima forest at urban area. Heavy metal concentrations in rain water were the higher in stemflow, and in the order of throughfall and rainfall. Seasonal changes of heavy metal concentration were the highest on December at industrial area, and were higher in the order of March>June>August. Seasonal changes were not remarkable at urban area. Heavy metal concentrations were higher in the order of Al>Mn>Ni at industrial area, and Mn>Al>Ni at urban area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.79 no.3
• /
• pp.309-315
• /
• 1990

This study was carried out to observe the effects of two soil mixtures, various nitrogen levels, and inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of 1-year-old Pinus thunbergil seedlings in pots. The seedlings were treated with various combinations of above factors and grown one more year in pots. 1. Number of short roots, mycorrhizal short roots, height growth, and total dry weight were higher in vermiculite than in sandy loam. 2. 2-year-old P. thunbergii seedlings inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius mycorrhizal fungi showed significant increase in primary lateral roots, short roots, and total dry weight than those of uninoculated seedlings. 3. The growth of 2-year-old P. thunbergii seedlings was affected by infection with mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen fertilization of precious year.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.89 no.3
• /
• pp.306-309
• /
• 2000

The black pine bast scale (BPBS), Matsucoccus thunbergianae, causes serious damage to Japanese black pine forests in the southern part of Korean peninsula. After first detection of its damage in Kohung, Chonnam Province in 1963, the distribution has been expanding gradually year by year. Since 1983, extensive surveys for BPBS distributions have been carried out by Korea Forest Research Institute. We used cumulative data for BPBS distribution and analyzed the dispersal pattern. We divided expansions into three directions such as north along the west coast, northeast towards the inland, and east along the south coast. In the direction of northeast the dispersal rate was approximately 4.3km per year in dense forests of Japanese black pine, but it slowed down since the early 1990s. The annual dispersal rates were approximately 5.9 and 3.3km in north and east directions, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
• /
• 2010.04a
• /
• pp.429-432
• /
• 2010

본 연구에서는 산불발생 시 산림 내 연료들의 화재위험성을 분석하고자 산불에 취약한 소나무류(적송, 해송, 리기다소나무)의 솔방울을 대상으로 착화특성과 발연특성을 고찰하였다. 연료는 대형 산불이 빈번하게 발생하는 강원도 동해안 지역에서 채취하였다. 적송과 해송의 솔방울은 26%와 27%로서 함수율 차이가 크지 않았으며, 발화온도는 $380^{\circ}C$ 정도인 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 리기다소나무의 솔방울은 33%의 수분을 함유하였으며, 발화온도는 $352^{\circ}C$ 정도인 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 적송 솔방울의 최대연기밀도는 924Ds로서 해송의 599Ds와 리기다소나무의 605Ds 보다 상대적으로 높았으며, 690s~732s 시간영역에서 최대값을 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 1968

(1) The present work is a study on the tolerance of salt concentration, salt injuries and growth, under varied conditions, of salt concentration of five kind silvicultural species. (2) Pinus thunbergii, which is tolerant of stat, has shown both low fresh leaf's pH and low gravity, while Pinus densiflora, Abies bolophylla and Pinus koraiensis have respectively shown high fresh leaf's pH and high gravity. (3) Pinus thunbergii, which is tolerant otosalt, has shown high water content ind its lead, hbile such speciesras Pinus densiflora an Abies lophylla, which are intolerant of salt have shownlow water content in their leaves. (4) A signifficance has ibeen found, in the nonreatment fresh les's pH and n gravity, among Pinusthunbergiis Pinu rigida, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus densiflora and Abies holophya. (5) The order of thetlolerance of salt among the tested species is as foohws : Pinus thunbergii, P. Korea iensis, Abies holopylla. (6) The signs of salt injuries have been observed at the tops of the trees 2~3 hours after the application of 1.5% salt solution in the case of Abiihs holop hylla which are intolerant of salt, while they have been of served at the same position 4~6 hours after the 1.5% application in the case of Pinus Koraiensis and Pinus thunbergii.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.82 no.4
• /
• pp.347-353
• /
• 1993

Accumulation of air pollutants such as $SO_2$ and HF, chlorophyll contents, wax concentrations in needle tissue and needle growth of Pinus thunbergii were studied to verify possibilities of bioindicators of air pollution in Yochon Industrial Complex from July to October, 1991. The concentrations of water-soluble sulfur and fluorine increased nearer to the pollution sources regardless of sampling time, but water-soluble sulfur varied little during investigation and fluorine accumulated more with the passage of time. Total chlorophyll contents decreased a little in the slightly polluted site but sharply in the heavily polluted site. The higher the pollution level was, the more decreased chloroform-extractable wax. Air pollution exposure inhibited needle growth of Pinus tbunbergii during the latter part of growth period. Water soluble sulfur, fluorine and wax concentrations in needle of Pinus thunbergii were rather wood sensitive indicators of susceptibility to ambient air pollution from early July to early October. Chlorophyll contents seemed to be able to be used as a bioindicator of air pollution in early stage of needle development and in the severely polluted area. In the meanwhile needle length must be used as a bioindicator in latter part of growing season.