• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.36-45
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• 1996

The antihistaminic action of eighteen herbal medicines was investigated by the radioligand binding and functional assays. The hexane fractions of Trichosanthis radix, Mori cortex radicis and Evodiae fructus dosedependently inhibited [$^3$H] mepyramine binding to H$_1$, receptor in guinea-pig brain homogenates and histamine-induced contraction of isolated guinea-pig ileum. Antihistaminic action of the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of Mori cortex radicis and the hexane fraction of Evodiae fructus was more potent than their antimuscarinic action evaluated from the inhibition of [$^3$H]QNB binding and carbachol response. The ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions from Scutellariae radix also inhibited histamine-induced contraction, but antihistaminic potencies of these fractions were almost identical with their antimuscarinic potencies. The hexane fractions of Mori cortex radicis and Evodiae fructus inhibited selectively the increase of histamine-induced cutaneous vascular Permeability in the rat dorsal skins. However, the ethyl acetate fraction from Scutellariae radix inhibited eqipotently the effects of histamine and serotonin on the vascular permeability. These results demonstrate that the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of Mori cortex radicis and the hexane fraction of Evodiae fructus have the selective histamine H$_1$receptor blocking activity.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.233-240
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• 1987

In order to investigate experimentally the clinical effects of Chungsimjeongchun-Tang that have been widely used for cardiac asthma, dyspnea and coughs secondary to the appoplexy and cardiac diseases, the water extract of Chungsimjeongchun-Tang was conducted to the effects on the anti-histamine action and respiratory system in mice, guinea-pigs, rabbits and cats. The following results of Chungsimieongchun-Tang were obtained. Spontaneous motility of the isolated ileum of mice and rabbits was strongly suppressed and contractions of the isolated ileum of mice and guinea-pigs induced by acetylcholine chloride, barium chloride and histamine were remarkably inhibited. Anti-histamine action was noted. Antitussive action on the mechanically irritative cough in cats was recognized. Expectorant action on the leakage of dye in the respiratory tract of rabbits was also shown.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.141-148
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• 1989

The weak UV absorbing antihistaminics such as chlorpheniramine, triprolidine, tripelennamine and diphenhydramine were analyzed by charge-transfer spectrophotometric method. The results obtained are summarized as folows. It was possible to determine a weak UV absorbing antihistaminics using the intense charge-transfer UV bands in chloroform. Charge transfer complexes were formed in a 1:1 ratio between antihistaminics and iodine in chloroform. Linear relationship was found between absorbance and concentration in the range of $1.0\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M-5.0\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M$ for chlorpheniramine( ${\varepsilon}\;=\;2.082\;{\times}\;10^4$) and tripelennamine ( ${\varepsilon}\;=\;1.578\;{\times}\;10^4$), $1.0\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M-8.0\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M$ for triprolidine ( ${\varepsilon}\;=\;1.120\;{\times}\;10^4$) and $1.0\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M-1.0\;{\times}\;10^{-4}M$ for diphenhydramine ( ${\varepsilon}\;=\;9.900\;{\times}\;10^3$). Charge transfer complexes of chlorpheniramine, triprolidine and tripelennamine have absorption maxima at 293 nm and complex form of diphenhydramine has absorption maximum at 270 nm. By UV, IR spectra, it could be inferred that CT-complexes were formed by interaction between the basic nitrogen of antihistaminics as electron donor (non bonding electron) and iodine as electron acceptor (${\sigma}$ bonding electron).

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.133-144
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• 1974

The metal indicator, acidic azo dyes NN, EBT and Calcon are utilized to analyse quantitatively chlorpheniramine, tripelenamine and diphenhydramine forming insoluble ion pair in aqueous solution at proper pH values between the acidic azo dyes and the sample molecules, these compexes are extracted by organic polar solvents, and organic layer is determined spectrophotometrically. Generally, the absorption maxima of the complexes are shifted to longer wavelengths compare to the absorption maxima of the dyes themselves. The binding ratio of the ion pair forming complex molecules in chloroform soln, are as follows ; NN-antihistamines (chlorpheniramine, tripelennamine, diphenhydramine) are NN-1 to antihisamine-1, EBT-antihistamines are EBT-2 to antithistamines a and Calcon-antihistamines are Calcon-3 to antithistamines-1. These coomplexes in chloroform soln. are very stable, and show higher absorbance than the other organic polar solvents. The binding state of complexes were presumed intermolecular hydrogen bond by their infrared spectra. In the mixture solution of three samples, the aqueous phase is buffered at pH 1.0, and benzene is used to extract ion pair of diphenhydramine EBT complex selectively. At pH 1.0 of aqueous layer, Calon-diphenhydramine complex is also extracted selectively by benzene. However, in this case very small amount of chlorpheniramine-calcon calcon simultaneously. The binding state of diphenhydramine-EBT and diphenhydramine-calcon in benzene are smae as the complexes in chloroform. But the absorption maxima of the complexes in benzene are shifted to shorter wavelenlgths than the complexes in chloroform.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.82-87
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• 2008

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by chronic relapsing inflammation and is associated with hyper-production of immunoglobulin E (IgE). Recent studies have suggested that one of the treatments to alleviate symptoms of AD could be a supplementation of probiotics, Lactobacillus, Rhamnosus, Bifidus, etc. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of probiotics on immune parameters in NC/Nga mice treated with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitro-benzene (DNCB). To induce atopic dermatitis, DNCB was treated to the back of mice for 2 weeks. Then, NC/Nga mice were divided into the four experimental groups randomly. Probiotics fragment, probiotics with other complex (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12LbL, L. plantarum K8, L. plantarum K8 fragment, ${\gamma}$-linolenic acid), antihistamine, and distilled water were administrated orally to the NC/Nga mouse for 4 weeks of experimental period. The groups were probiotics fragment group (DPF), probiotics with other complex group (DPOC), antihistamine group (DAH) and distilled water group (DDW) as a control group. The levels of serum IgE, interlukin-4 (IL-4), interlukin-5 (IL-5), interferon-gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) and spleenocyte IgE were measured. The levels of serum IgE were significantly different among the four experimental groups. Before the treatment, there was no differences among the groups. However, from the first through the third week of the treatments, the levels of serum IgE in the probiotics (DPF, DPOC) and antihistamine (DAH) groups were lower than those of control group (p < 0.05). The levels of serum IL-4 of DPOC group was significantly lower than that of control group (p < 0.05) and serum IL-5 levels of DPF, DPOC, and DAH groups were significantly lower than that of control group. The levels of serum IFN-${\gamma}$ were not different among the four experimental groups. The levels of serum IgE in supernatant of spleen lymphocytes were not significantly different among the groups. These results suggest that probiotics supplementation showed partial effectiveness in the DNCB treated NC/Nga mice via modulation of IgE level and IL-4, IL-5 production. Based on these findings, probiotics exhibited the inhibitory effect via IL-4 production thereby inhibited the production of IgE in atopic animal model NC/Nga mice.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.219-229
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• 2002

Background : Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is caused by many cellular and humoral mediators induced by an endotoxin. Histamine, which is widely distributed in the lungs and has been considered as an important mediator of sepsis. It increases P-selectin expression on the endothelial cell surfaces and induces IL-8 secretion. Therefore, an endotoxin-induced histamine may be related to neutrophil-mediated ALI by inducing the migration and activation of neutrophils in the lung tissue. However, the role of endogenous histamine in endotoxin ALI has not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to investigate how endotoxin-induced ALI is influenced by endogenous histamine and to identify the possible mechanism of action. Materials and Methods : The study consisted of 4 groups using Sprague-Dawley rats : 1) control group, where the rats were infused intratracheally by normal saline, 2) an endotoxin group, where lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered intratracheally 3) the $H_2$ receptor antagonist-treated group ($H_2$ group) and 4) the $H_1$ receptor antagonist-treated group ($H_1$ group), where $H_2$-receptor blocker (ranitidine) and $H_1$-receptor blocker(pyrilamine) were co-treated intravenously with the intratracheal administration of an endotoxin. The lung leak index using $I^{125}$-BSA, the total protein and LDH concentration in the lung lavage fluid, myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity in the lung tissue, the pathologic score and the total number of neutrophils, TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-10 in lung lavage (BAL) fluid were measured in each group as the indices of lung injury. Results : Compared to the control group, the endotoxin group exhibited significant increases in all lung injury indices. Significant reductions in the endotoxin-mediated increases in lung leak index (p<0.05) were observed in both the $H_1$ and $H_2$ groups. In addition the total protein (p<0.05) and LDH concentration (p<0.05) in the BAL fluid were also lower in the $H_2$ group compared to the endotoxin group. However, there was no change in the MPO activity in the lung tissue, the pathologic score and the total number of neutrophils in the BAL fluid in both the $H_2$ and $H_1$ groups compared to the endotoxin group. The increases in TNF-$\alpha$ IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-10 concentrations in the BAL fluid observed in the endotoxin group were not reduced in the $H_2$ and $H_1$ groups. Conclusion : Antihistamine attenuated the enhanced alveolar-capillary permeability induced by the endotoxin via the $H_2$ receptor. However the attenuating mechanism may not be related to the pathogenesis of neutrophil dependent lung injury.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.245-253
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the biological effects of organic soybean extracts. Cellular and molecular analysis was performed to determine anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects of soybean extracts. First, we obtained various solvent extracts of soybean such as water, ethanol, and methanol. Molecular and cellular analysis were performed with 0.1 mg/ml concentration of each solvent extracts. The results of anti-oxidative, antiinflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of organic soybean extracts were prominent. However, organic soybean extracts were not observed in anti-allergic effects determined by releasing histamine from rat mast cell line, RBL-2H3. Conclusively, organic soybean suppress inflammatory responses. In addition, organic soybean could be applied as a functional food ingredient for treatment of chronic inflammation, asthma, and atopic dermatitis with enhanced anti-inflammatory activities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.103-113
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• 2009

This present study was carried out to investigate the biological effects of soybean extracts comparing organic and conventional cultivation. Cellular and molecular analysis was performed to determine anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects of both soybean extracts. First, we obtained various solvent extracts of soybeans such as water, ethanol, and methanol. Molecular and cellular analysis were performed with 0.1 mg/ml concentration of each solvent extracts. The results of anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of organic cultivated soybean extracts were prominent than conventional cultivated soybean extracts. However, discrepancy between organic and conventional cultivated soybean extracts was not observed in anti-allergic effects determined by releasing histamine from rat mast cell line, RBL-2H3. Conclusively, organic cultivated soybeans have stronger effects than conventional cultivated soybeans in suppression of inflammation. In addition, organic soybeans could be applied as a functional food ingredient for treatment of chronic inflammation, asthma, and atopic dermatitis with enhanced anti-inflammatory activities.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2004

The aim of this study is to assess the anti-irritation activities of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) extract against various irritants used in cosmetics. For its antidotal activity, mung bean has been used as a medicinal or cosmetic material since ancient times. However, there have been few reports describing the biological activities of these beans and no comprehensive surveys of the constituents. We obtained an ethanolic extract of mung bean and isolated the major constituents, such as vitexin and isovitexin. And we previously reported that the mung bean extract containing vitexin and isovitexin had excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. To investigate the mechanisms of anti-inflammatory activity of mung bean extract, we examined the inhibitory effects on histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells and lipoxygenase activity. Mung bean extract inhibited histamine release in a concentration dependent manner but showed no inhibitory activity in the 5-lipoxygenase assay. And, clinical studies were conducted to evaluate the anti-irritation effects of mung bean extract against various irritants used in cosmetics such as lactic acid, retinol, and preservatives. When 2.0％ of mung bean extract was applied to cosmetic formulae containing each of irritants, it revealed considerable anti-irritation efficacy. Our results of the human patch test with 20 volunteers showed that this extract reduced skin irritations caused by 5.0％ lactic acid, 4000 IU retinol, and 1.0％ preservative mixture by about 60％, 30％, and 50％ respectively. The stinging potential test for assessing subjective irritation also showed that the extract reduced the unpleasant sensations by about 50∼30％. Finally, we performed a double-blind usage test with 30 subjects to compare formulae containing mung bean extract with placebo. From the results of questionnaires for 4 weeks of use, we confirmed the excellent anti-irritation effect of mung bean extract. Conclusively, we could discover new material that had anti-irritation effects and apply this mung bean extract to the final cosmetic products successfully.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.488-493
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• 2010

We investigated the effect of Perilla frutescens (PF) ethanol extract powder (PF-E30) on the local allergic reaction activated by anti-DNP IgE and the mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reactions induced by compound 48/80 in a mouse model. One gram of PF powder extracted with 30% ethanol at $80^{\circ}C$ contained 12.3 mg of rosmarinic acid. Oral administration of PF-E30 (0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg body weight) significantly reduced plasma histamine levels and inhibited histamine release from peritoneal mast cells in mice activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. Moreover PF-E30 dose-dependently inhibited the production of antigen-induced IgE. These results indicate that the PF ethanol extract inhibits mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reactions in vivo and in vitro.