• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.203-209
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• 2010

Purpose : It has been a common medical practice to use prophylactic antibiotics to prevent recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) in high risk situations such as urinary tract obstruction, vesicoureteral reflux, neurogenic bladder, or urinary stones. But sometimes, we meet difficult situation of breakthrough infections (BI) which might cause new or progressive renal scarring. The clinical characteristics of children contracting breakthrough UTI experienced in a single center were studied. Methods : The study was done retrospectively through medical records of 150 pediatric patients who had been cared in pediatric and urologic clinics of Pusan National University Hospital from Jan. 2001 till June 2006 and had prophylactic antibiotics to prevent recurrent UTI. Results : The starting age of prophylactic antibiotics of 150 patient was 1-76 months, and median age was 5 months. The BI developed 61 times in 43 patients (28.7%), 1.5 times per 100 patient-months. The BI occurred more frequently in patients with higher grade of VUR, and in the cases with abnormal DMSA scan. Co-trimoxazole was more effective than 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins to prevent UTI. The distribution of causative organisms was more diverse than usual UTI. The causative organisms were sensitive to the antibiotics used for prophylaxis in 29.5%, and resistant in 59.1%. After experience of BI, 40 percents of patients went to the surgical treatment including endoscopic injection of Deflux, 35% to new antibiotics for prophylaxis, 26% remain on the same antibiotics as the previous one. Conclusion : Based on our study results, preexisting renal scar might be one of the factors which should be considered in favor of early surgical interventions of VUR. Poor compliance and wrong selection of antibiotics such as cephalosporins are important underlying causes of breakthrough UTIs.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.519-527
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• 2021

In this study, the hemolysis of Enterococcus faecalis BMSE-HMP strains, isolated from human breast milk, was investigated, and the anti-hemolytic and antimicrobial effects on multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria were investigated. The enzyme activity of E. faecalis BMSE-HMP 4 strains was measured, and it was found that the activities of esterase and esterase lipase were the highest. In addition, no hemolytic reaction was observed in any of the isolates. Subsequently, the anti-hemolytic activity against MDR strains causing hemolysis was evaluated. E. faecalis BMSE-HMP002 had the highest anti-hemolytic activity against Staphylococcus aureus CCARM 3855 at 75.71 ± 10.00%. The anti-hemolytic activity against Escherichia coli DC 2 CCARM 0238 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa CCARM 0223 showed that the activity of BMSE-HMP001 was highest at 76.92 ± 2.99% and 87.93 ± 1.93%, respectively. Examination of the antimicrobial effects against the MDR bacteria Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia spp., Pseudomonas spp., Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., and E. faecalis BMSE-HMP strains showed antimicrobial effects against both gram-positive and gram-negative strains. Breastfeeding delivers enterococci into the intestinal tract of newborns by lactation, and its usefulness is attracting attention as it has been reported that enterococci have a potential effect on neonatal immune development. In this study, the hemolytic and antimicrobial effects of E. faecalis BMSE-HMP strains on MDR bacteria were investigated, to confirm their potential as useful lactic acid bacteria. Additional studies on the antibiotic resistance and toxicity of the E. faecalis BMSE-HMP strains, isolated in this study, are necessary to prove it safe for use.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.439-448
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• 1999

To investigate the population dynamics and survival of Genus Vibrio, population densities of aerobic saprophytic bacteria and Vibrio groups were measured 4 times in the intertidal waters of the Yellow Sea near Kunsan from November, 1997 to June, 1998. The distribution of heterotrophic bacteria during the survey periods by plate count and direct count method ranged from 1.2$\pm$0.6$\times$10$^3$~2.0$\pm$1.5$\times$10$^4$CFU ml­$^1$and from 6.0$\pm$4.0$\times$10$^{5}$ ~1.9$\pm$1.5$\times$10$^{7}$ cells ml­$^1$, respectively. Vibrio groups were distributed in the range of 1$\times$10 and 6$\pm$2.2$\times$10$^2$CFU ml­$^1$. The proportion of Vibrio groups to total heterotrophic bacteria was between 0.1 and 6% during the survey periods. A total of 51 isolates was obtained from TCBS agar plates and identified to species level by Biolog Identification System$^{TM}$. As a result, dominant genera were V, mediterranei, V aitguillarum, tr metschnikovii, and V. parahaemolyticus, and isolates were clustered into 26 groups based on the relatedness of average linkage clustering method at 70% level. As for the susceptibility of 51 isolates to 7 kinds of antibacterial agents (gentamicin, ampicillin, chlorarnphenicol, streptomycin, kanamycin, tetracycline, carbenicillin), 96% of isolates showed high resistance to more than one antibiotics and 65% of isolates contained a plasmid, of which size was observed greater than 12 kb, The number of cells of 3 tested strains (V. anguillarum, V. vulnificus, and V. metschnikovii) in filtered aged seawater decreased by approximately 1 to 5 orders of magnitude during 30-d incubation. In most cases, the numbers of cells decreased rapidly until day 3, then decreased slowly by day 30. The number of cells incubated at 15$^{\circ}C$ showed higher survival than those at 4$^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$. These results may be considered for the basic supporting data in the risk assessment of vibriosis in summer.r.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.511-516
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• 1994

P multocida was isolated from 80(17.7%) of 450 pneumonic lungs of slaughter pigs. The majority of the biochemical and cultural characteristics of P multocida isolates were identical to those of the reference strains employed. Seventy seven strains(96.3%) among 80 isolates were capsular serotype A while the remaining 3(3.8%) were serotype D. All isolates were very susceptible to ampicillin, ceftiofur, cephalothin, ciprofloxacin and penicillin-G although some of them were resistant to sulfamethoxin and/or streptomycin. Sixty one(76.3%) of all 80 P multocida isolates were dermonecrotic toxin producers. Out of 77 isolates of serotype A and 3 isolates of serotype D, 59(76.6%) and 2(66.7%) were toxigenic, respectively. No difference was noted in dermonecrotic toxigenicity of the isolates in relation to capsular serotypes.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1972.03a
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• pp.1.2-1
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• 1972

It is the most important to know the causative organisms and the most effective antibiotics in the cases of chronic suppurative otitis media not only for the treatment of the cases of O.M.P.C. but also for postoperative control of middle ear surgery. In the authors' opinion, there are various organisms in the middle ear depending on the country, hygine, and area, etc., and many new antibiotics have recently been developed. To the otologists, it is helpful to know the causative organisms of O.M.P.C. and to compare with other authors' results about the sensitivity of antibiotics to the organisms. Thus the authors have performed bacteriological studies and its sensitivity test to the causative organisms in the cases of O.M.P.C. and obtained the following results. According to the our studies, in the gram-negative species, Proteus species (16.9%) was the most sensitive to Ampicillin 81.8% and Pseudomonas(18.5%) was the most sensitive to Colimycin 91.7%, and in the gram positive group, Staphylococcus Aureus (29.2%) was sensitive to Erythromycin 100% and Orbenin 94.7%.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.355-360
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• 2007

The essential oil fraction from the aerial parts of A. annua was analyzed by GC-MS. As the results, caryophyllene oxide (11.7%), caryophyllene (7.54%), camphor (7.32%), 1,8-cineol (4.98%), and borneol (3.99%) were confirmed as the main components of the oil fraction. The effects of this oil and its main components on antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant strains of Salmonella enteritidis and S. typhimurium were assessed. A. annua oil fraction significantly inhibited all strains of the two Salmonella species examined, with minimum inhibiting concentrations (MICs) ranging from 2.0 mg/ml to 8.0 mg/ml. Among the main components of the oil, borneol and camphor showed relatively strong inhibiting activity with MICs between 1.0 mg/ml and 4.0 mg/ml. The MICs of caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide were higher than 16 mg/ml. The combination effects of the oils with kanamycin were evaluated using a checkerboard microtiter assay. Against S. typhimurium KCCM11862 and CCARM8009 strains, the oil fraction of A. annua, camphor, and 1,8-cineol exhibited significant synergistic with kanamycin with fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices in the range of 0.085 to 0.375. In conclusion, a combination of kanamycin and A. annua oil or its main component, camphor, and cineol, may be useful for reducing the minimum effective dose of antibiotic required for the treatment of resistant S. typhimurium infections.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.79-80
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• 2018

Citrobacter freundii is a facultative anaerobic and a Gram-negative bacterium of Enterobacteriaceae family, and is an opportunistic pathogen. Bacteriophages infecting C. freundii can be an effective treatment for C. freundii infections. Here, the complete genomic sequence is announced for a lytic bacteriophage CF1 infecting C. freundii isolates.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.61-63
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• 2019

Streptococcus sp. strain NM belonging to Firmicutes was isolated from head and neck cancer patients. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of strain NM with a size of approximately 1.90 Mbp and a mean G+C content of 39.3%. The draft genome included 1,845 coding sequences, and 12 ribosomal RNA and 58 transfer RNA genes. In the draft genome, genes involved in the antimicrobial resistance, hemolysis and defense system have been identified.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.331-336
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• 2017

Bacteria exist everywhere and continuously come into contact with daily surroundings and humans. Super bacterium methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, resistant to methicillin, has recently appeared. The morbidity and rate of death associated with super bacteria infection has increased. This study investigated the antibacterial activity of fabrics naturally dyed with Chamaecyparis obtusa leaves extract against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Fabrics were left for 15 min in a natural dyeing solution prepared by extraction from C. obtusa leaves using 11.3% (o.w.f) with a fixed liquor ratio of 1:22 at $40^{\circ}C$. The dyeing process was conducted using three different mordants; subsequently, the K/S value of the dyed fabrics increased in the order of None < Cu < Fe < Al. The color fastness property of the fabrics to washing, dry-cleaning, and rubbing was found to be excellent and ranked in the 4-5 grade. The color fastness to light of natural dyeing is low in most cases and has the problem that the dye color soon becomes bleached. Yet, in most cases cloth dyed with retinispora leaves, the color fastnezz to light was good with a third to fourth grade. Non-mordant fabrics, aluminum mordants, and copper mordants also showed better antibacterial properties (99.9% reduction) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, compared to the control fabrics. The dyed fabrics showed the same antibacterial activity even after three washes. The results highlight the strong potential of fabrics naturally dyed with C. obtusa-extract as a medicinal material with excellent antibacterial function against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.106-114
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• 2006

Purpose : Studying the serotypes and emm genotype of group A streptococci(GAS) hold a key role in the investigation of epidemiology, pathogenesis, and resistance to antibiotics. We planed to find out the possible differences in serotypes and genotypes between the invasive and the non-invasive GAS infection. Methods : We obtained 39 isolates from the patients hospitalized in 2004 with the diagnosis of invasive GAS infectious diseases in the Severance Hospital, Yonsei University. We sent the isolates to the WHO Collaboratory Center in University of Minnesota and analyzed T serotypes and emm genotypes. These results were compared with non-invasive GAS infections in our hospital. Results : Compared this data with the results of 2003 to 2004, T2/28, T3, T5/27/44, T9 and NT were more prevalent. The NT showed statistically significant difference(P=0.019). The emm 3, emm 9, emm 18, emm 44 and emm provision type STG485 were more frequent genotypes compared with the study in 2003~2004, relatively. The emm provision type STG485 had statistically significant difference(P=0.000). The incidence of T12 plus T4, known as erythromycin(EM) resistant serotypes, was as low as 17.9% in this study, compared with those of non-invasive strains. Conclusion : The incidence of EM-resistant strains is supposed not to be higher in invasive GAS infection. We could find out possible higher incidence of rheumatogenic strains in the invasive GAS infections. It seems to be important to have an effort on studying of serotyping and genotyping for the monitoring of strains and to know the epidemiologic characteristics.