• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.83-83
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• 2020

염증은 물리화학적 자극이나 세균 감염과 같은 외부 자극에 대응하기 위한 생체조직의 방어 반응의 하 나이며 조직이나 장기의 손상을 회복시키는 기전으로서 매우 중요한 역할을 하지만 염증반응이 과도해 질 경우 궤양성 대장염, 기관지염, 천식, 대장암 등을 유발하는 원인으로 작용하기 때문에 염증반응을 조 절하는 항염증제 개발은 매우 중요시되고 있다. 국내 염증개선 관련 시장은 현재 약 3조원 규모이며 지속 적인 성장세에 있지만 천연소재의 기능성 중심으로 출시된 제품 중 다수의 제품에서 주로 수입 원료를 사용하고 있어 국내 자생 및 재배하는 천연 소재들의 효능에 대한 검증을 통해 수입 원료 의존도를 낮추 기 위한 연구가 요구되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 순창에서 재배되는 참두릅 (Aralia elata Seem)과 도라지 (Platycodon grandiflorum)를 이용하여 천연 염증개선 소재화를 목적으로 기능성 증진을 위한 추 출조건 선정과정과 대식세포에 대한 세포독성 및 항염증 효능을 확인하여 천연소재를 이용한 염증개선 소재화를 시도하고자 한다. 본 연구는 전북 순창에서 재배되는 참두릅과 도라지의 추출조건을 선정하기 위해 용매, 온도 및 시간별 추출물의 total polyphenol 함량 평가를 통하여 최적 추출조건 선정을 진행하 였으며, 선정된 추출조건에서 추출된 추출물의 항산화 활성을 측정하기 위하여 DPPH & ABTS radical scavenging activity 및 total flavonoids 함량을 확인하여 항산화 효능을 평가하였다. 또한 대식세포인 Raw 264.7을 사용하여 MTT assay, Nitric oxide (NO) 생성 억제 효능을 확인하여 세포독성 및 항염증 활 성을 평가하였다. 실험결과, Total polyphenol 함량 분석을 통해 최적 추출조건이 선정된 두릅 (주정 40%, 25℃, 3 h), 도라지 (주정 60%, 25℃, 1 h)의 추출물을 이용하여 DPPH & ABTS radical scavenging activity 및 total flavonoids 함량을 분석한 결과, 도라지보다 두릅에서 더 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. 대식세포를 활용한 두릅과 도라지의 세포독성을 측정한 결과, 100 ug/mL 이내의 농도에서 독성활성이 나타내지 않음을 확인되었으며, 항염증 활성을 측정한 결과 100 ug/mL에서 두릅 추출물이 도라지 추출 물보다 약 33% 이상 NO 생성억제 활성이 높게 나타내었다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.20 no.4 s.51
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• pp.287-296
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• 2005

아연은 다양한 독성 물질로부터 유도된 아폼토시스를 저해하는 것으로 알려져 있으나 이 기전에 대해서는 명확히 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 인간 유방암 세포 MCF-7에 카드뮴을 처리하였을 때 유도되는 아폼토시스에 대한 아연의 저해효과를 살펴보았다. 아연의 아폼토시스 저해 효과는 DNA분절현상, 핵의 쪼개짐 그리고 caspase-9의 발현을 통하여 확인하였다. 또한 아연의 아폼토시스 저해효과가 카드뮴에 의한 산화적 스트레스와 관련이 있는지 확인하기 위하여 활성산소인 peroxide의 농도를 세포내에서 측정하였다. 나아가 superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) 그리고 glutahion redurtase (CR)같은 활성산소에 대한 인체내 방어기작으로 작용하는 항산화 효소의 활성을 측정하였다. 본 연구를 통해 아연이 카드뮴에 의해 생성된 세포내의 활성산소의 양을 감소시키고 항산화 효소를 회복시키는 기전이 카드뮴에 의한 아폼토시스를 저해하는 한 요인으로 사료되어진다.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.225-231
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• 2010

The hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of Allium victorialis (AV) methanol extracts were investigated on high fat diet (HFD) supplied mice. Treatment of AV extracts (62.5, 125, 250 mg/kg) once a day for 12 weeks markedly decreased the liver steatohepatitis and kidney damages. AV extracts were inhibited the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine elevations and reduced the histopathological changes of livers induced by HFD supply. In addition, AV extracts strengthened the antioxidative defense system with an increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), catalase and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The 125 mg/kg of AV extract showed similar favorable effects as compared with silymarin 100 mg/kg. It is suggested that AV methanol extract administration is beneficial to the improvement of the alleviation of liver and kidney damages in HFD supplement.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1987

Prophylactic and curative behaviors of Panax ginseng components (95%, 50% ethanol ext., ginsenoside Re and Ginsana G 115) on the hepatomegaly, lipid peroxidation of the thioacetamide-intoxicated animals in vivo and in vitro were investigated. Ginsenoside Re and Ginsana G 115 significantly decreased in the lipid peroxide formation : the 95% ethanol extract and ginsenoside Re, in the zinc sulfate turbidity test. Besides these investigations, the preventive effect of ginseng components on the degranulation of mast calls in the guinea pig mesentery by compound 48/80 and venom toxin (Agkistrodon piscivourus) was also examined. All ginseng components subjected to this experiment were affected significantly at the different degrees.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.267-279
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• 2019

The study studied dermal protection and crease improvement from the sunlight of the lipid extract and narinjin. Sunlight was investigated in HR-1 (motherless mice) to identify changes in epithelial thickness and changes in collagen fibers, which account for around 90% of dermis, as the inhibitory efficacy of collagenase dissolving collagen also plays an important role in wrinkles. The experiment was validated using narinjin and jisil extract. First: The components of jisil and narinjin were analyzed. Second, antioxidant capabilities were confirmed with DPPH. Third: The inhibitory activity of collagen was measured. Studies have shown that the skin's upper skin thickness suppression of dermal extracts and narinzine has increased and that collagen thicknesses and wrinkles have decreased significantly compared to controls.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.309-313
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• 2000

To investigate the effects of different UV-B levels on growth and biochemical defense response in plants, cucumber plants were subjected to three levels of biologically effective ultraviolet-B $(UV-B_{BE})$ radiation [daily dose: 0.03 (No), 6.40 (Low) and $11.30\;(High)\;kJ{\cdot}m^{-2}$, $UV-B_{BE}$] in the growth chambers for 3 weeks during the early growth period. Enhanced UV-B radiation drastically decreased both dry weight and leaf area of cucumber. With increasing UV-B intensity, chlorophyll content was decreased, however the level of malondialdehyde was highly increased linearly. Total contents of ascorbic acid and glutathione were tended to increase by UV-B, while the ratios of dehydroascorbate/ascorbate and oxidized glutathione/reduced glutathione were significantly increased with increasing UV-B intensity in cucumber. All the enzyme activities investigated (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, guaiacol peroxidase etc.) in cucumber were increased by the UV-B enhancement. These results suggested that enhanced UV-B irradiation caused photooxidative stress in cucumber plant and resulted in significant reduction in plant growth. Biochemical protection responses might be activated to prevent the leaves from damaging effects of oxidative stress generated by UV-B irradiation.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.41-53
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• 2023

E171, a mixture of titanium dioxide, has been widely used as a food additive due to its whitening effect and low toxicity. However, it has been proven that E171 is no longer safe for public health. So far, there are insufficient studies on the toxic effects of E171 on organisms especially using standardized test methods. In this study, toxicity assessments of E171 to two aquatic species, water flea (Daphnia magna) and zebrafish (Danio rerio), were performed using modified standardized test methods based on the physicochemical properties of E171. The hydrodynamic diameter, polydispersity index, and turbiscan stability index (TSI) were measured to ensure the dispersion stability of E171 in exposure media during the test period. The EC₅₀ for immobilization of water flea was 141.7 mg L^-1 while zebrafish was not affected until 100 mg L^-1 of E171. Measurements of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzyme activities confirmed that E171 induced oxidative stress, leading to the activation of superoxide dismutase and catalase in both water flea and zebrafish, although the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes differed between species. These results suggested the potential risk of E171 to aquatic organisms and provided toxicological insights into the impacts of E171 on the environment.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1406-1413
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the effect of ethanol extract of Pimpinella brachycarpa(PBE) on chronically ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rat liver. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 90-130 g were divided into 5 groups; normal group(NOR), ethanol(35%, 10 ml/kg) treated group(CON), PBE 200 mg/kg treated group(P1), PBE 200 mg/kg and ethanol treated group(P2), and PBE 400 mg/kg and ethanol treated group(P3). PBE was also fractionated by the following solvent: n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and n-butanol. The antioxidative capacity of the n-hexane fraction was the highest among fractions and was similar to that of butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT). The body weight gain and feed intake of the rats were decreased by ethanol administration, but were gradually increased to the similar levels of the NOR group by administering PBE. The AST activity in serum elevated by ethanol was significantly decreased by administering the high dosage of PBE, but exerted no significant change on serum ALT activity. It was also observed that the hepatic activities of xanthine oxide(XO), catalase and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) increased by ethanol were markedly decreased in the combined ethanol and PBE administered groups(P2 and P3), but not in the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) as compared with the CON group. The glutathione(GSH) contents were decreased by ethanol adminstration, however, increased after administering PBE. These results suggest that ethanol extract of Pimpinella brachycarpa has a possible positive effect on the liver function in hepatotoxicity-induced rats by ethanol administration.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.104-113
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• 1997

Background : Toxic oxygen free radicals have been implicated as important pathologic mediators in many clinical disorders. Enhancing the intracellular content of antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) can provide means of limiting biological damage caused by oxygen free radicals. The oxygen free radicals and changes of antioxidant enzymes are though to play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Method : To investigate the pulmonary oxygen radical injury and the protective role of antioxidant enzymes in Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), author measured the amount of thiobarbituric acid reactants, the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the sulfhydry1 groups of glutathione in serum and red blood cells from the patients with COPD(COPD patients) and the normal controls. Results : The thiobarbituric acid reactant in serum and red blood cells of COPD patients was increased than those of the normal controls, and the superoxide dismutase activity in red blood cells was no statistical difference in both groups. But the glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities in red blood cel1s of COPD patients were significantly lowered than those of the normal controls. The sulfhydry1 groups in serum and red blood cells were no statistically difference in both groups. Conclusion : These results suggest that the increased thiobarbituric acid reactants in serum and RBCs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mean oxygen radical toxicity, and the decreased glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities in RBC could take pan in pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.805-811
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of water extract from Crassostrea gigas (CGW) against ethanol-induced hepatic toxicity in rats. Seventy-two male Wistar rats (6-week-old) were divided into six groups of 12 animals each: control group (1 mL saline/d), ethanol-treated group, positive control group (ethanol+Hovenia dulcis Thunb extract), CGWL group (ethanol+low dosage of CGW), CGWM group (ethanol+medium dosage of CGW), and CGWH group (ethanol+high dosage of CGW). All groups except the control group received ethanol (40% ethanol 5 g/kg) orally. CGW administration with ethanol resulted in prevention of ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity by increasing levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and ${\gamma}-glutamyltransferase$. CGW supplementation significantly reduced formation of malonaldehyde and inhibited reduction of hepatic glutathione and peroxidase levels, as compared with the ethanol-administration group. Further, CGW suppressed expression of CYP2E1, which was elevated by ethanol administration. Consequently, our results indicate that Crassostrea gigas may exert hepatoprotective effects against alcohol-induced hepatocyte injury by intensifying the anti-oxidative defense system.