• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.93-103
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial cluster characteristics of fire using long-term fire data. For this, fire data which were broke out in the last 40 years were converted into GIS data and spatial analysis was performed at Gangwon-do province's minimum administrative district level. In order to grasp the spatial distribution of the fire, Moran's I, Geary's Ci and Getis-Ord's Gi*, which are methods that analyze the local indicators of spatial association(LISA), were used. By integrating the characteristics of the spatial distribution of fire by integrating the results obtained from each analysis, the advantages of the individual analysis methods were reflected in the study results. As a result of the study, hotspot areas of fire in Gangwon-do was derived out. Among the hot spot areas, some areas, where the fire frequency is higher than the adjacent areas, have been identified. The results of this study can be used as information for predicting the fire hazard area and relocating of fire-fighting facilities in the study area.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.161-173
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• 2020

This study analyzed local imbalances in the supply and demand of emergency medical services in Busan using the 119 emergency activity reports of the Busan Fire & Disaster Headquarters. The data for EMS activity reports in 2017 was converted into Jimgyegu units. The spatial distribution of the indicators representing the local imbalance of emergency demand and supply (number of reports, number of reports relative to the population, average coefficient of variation and outlier of on-site arrival time, and number of dispatches outside the jurisdiction) was analyzed using Hotspot analysis of GIS spatial statistics analysis. As a result of the analysis, the hot spot area and the cold spot area where both supply and demand of emergency services are concentrated were clearly distinguished. This means that the supply and demand of emergency services in Busan are locally unbalanced. In particular, there was a difference in the demand and supply of emergency services in the original downtown and its surrounding areas, and in the outskirts of Busan.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.67-79
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• 2020

Plans to mitigate overheating in urban areas requires the identification of the characteristics of the thermal environment of the city. The key information is the distribution of higher and lower temperatures (referred to as "hotspot" or "coldspot", respectively) in the city. This study aims to identify the areas within Jeonju City that are suffering from increasing land surface temperatures (LST) and the factors linked to such this phenomenon. To identify the hot and cold spots, Local Moran's I and Getis-Ord Gi^* were calculated for the LST based on 2017 images taken using the thermal band of the Landsat 8 satellite. Hotspot analysis revealed that hotspot regions, (the areas with a high concentration of Land Surface Temperature) are located in the old town area and in industrial districts. To figure out the factors linked to the hotspots, a correlation analysis, and a regression analysis taking into account environmental covariates including Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and land cover. The values of NDVI showed that it had the strongest effect on the lowering LSTs. The results of this study are expected to provide directions for urban thermal environment designing and policy development to mitigate the urban heat island effect in the future.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.87-97
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• 2024

This study analyzed the water shortage hotspot areas in South Korea using spatial clustering analysis for water shortage estimates in 2030 of the Master Plans for National Water Management. To identify the water shortage cluster areas, we used water shortage data from the past maximum drought (about 50-year return period) and performed spatial clustering analysis using Local Moran's I and Getis-Ord Gi*. The areas subject to spatial clusters of water shortage were selected using the cluster map, and the spatial characteristics of water shortage areas were verified based on the p-value and the Moran scatter plot. The results indicated that one cluster (lower Imjin River (#1023) and neighbor) in the Han River basin and two clusters (Daejeongcheon (#2403) and neighbor, Gahwacheon (#2501) and neighbor) in the Nakdong River basin were found to be the hotspot for water shortage, whereas one cluster (lower Namhan River (#1007) and neighbor) in the Han River Basin and one cluster (Byeongseongcheon (#2006) and neighbor) in the Nakdong River basin were found to be the HL area, which means the specific area have high water shortage and neighbor have low water shortage. When analyzing spatial clustering by standard watershed unit, the entire spatial clustering area satisfied 100% of the statistical criteria leading to statistically significant results. The overall results indicated that spatial clustering analysis performed using standard watersheds can resolve the variable spatial unit problem to some extent, which results in the relatively increased accuracy of spatial analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.221-229
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• 2015

The urban crimes that threat individual's safety are parts of the serious social problems. However. the information of crime in Korea has only been provided by forms of hot spots around place of crime, or forms of crime statistics without positional information. Those could not provide enough information to users in identifying the vulnerable areas for substantive crimes. Therefore, this study suggested a methodology of extraction in criminal vulnerable areas by using the spatial information, the statistical information and the public sector information. The crime vulnerable areas were extracted through the grid-based spatial analysis and the overlapping analysis from each of the information. In fact, the extracted areas were able to provide detailed vulnerability information than the traditional hot spot-based crime information. Following the study, the extracted results in crime vulnerable areas have displayed highly coincide with Korea safety map, provided by national disaster management institute, which regards to be able to provide crime risk rating in terms of administrative business in future.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.580-591
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• 2019

This study analyzed roadkill hotspots in Yeongju, Mungyeong-si Andong-si and Cheongsong-gun to compare the method of searching the area of the spatial cluster for selecting the roadkill hotspots. The local spatial autocorrelation index Getis-Ord Gi* statistics were calculated by different units of analysis, drawing hotspot areas of 9% from 300 m and 14% from 1 km on the basis of the total road area. The rating of Z-score in the 1km hotspot area showed the highest Z-score in the 28th National Road section on the border between Yecheon-gun and Yeongj-si. The kernel density method performed general kernel density estimation and network kernel density estimation analysis, both of which made it easier to visualize roadkill hotspots than district unit analysis, but there were limitations that it was difficult to determine statistically significant priority. As a result, local hotspot areas were found to be different according to the cluster analysis method, and areas that are in common need of reduction measures were found to be the hotspot of 28th National Road through Yeongju-si and Yecheon-gun. It is deemed that the results of this study can be used as basic data when identifying roadkill hotspots and establishing measures to reduce roadkill.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.4
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• pp.459-471
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• 2023

This study identified the characteristics of changes in forest areas of North Korea's major regions (Gaesong, Goseong, Pyongyang, and Hyesan·Samsu) using data on degraded lands collected via monitoring by the National Institute of Forest Science. The data, spanning 1999 to 2018, were cross-analyzed to determine trends in land cover change, and hotspot analysis was conducted to confirm evident changes in the forest areas. The results showed that the areas of interest substantially transitioned to other land use types from 1999 to 2008. Contrastingly, the range of changes decreased from 2008 to 2018, with some areas regenerating into forests. Nevertheless, the hotspot analysis indicated that hotspots occurred more intensively in the outskirts of cities and forest edges from 2008 to 2018 than from 1999 to 2008. The analysis also showed that the aforementioned changes were caused by various aspects, depending on regional characteristics and social factors. This study can be used as a basic reference for decision-making on the selection of basic forest restoration targets and restoration methods in inter-Korean forest cooperation initiatives.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.31-40
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• 2016

최근 전 세계적으로 5G 이동통신 표준화 및 연구개발이 시작되었다. 기존의 4세대까지의 이동통신은 주로 가정, 사무실 등 보행자 중심의 Nomadic 환경에 최적화된 형태이고 120km/h 이상의 고속환경에서는 통신접속이 끊어지지 않는 정도의 서비스에 한정되었다. 최근에는 스마트폰 중심의 모바일 데이터 서비스 사용량이 매년 가파른 증가세를 보이며 보행자 중심의 저속환경뿐만 아니라 지하철, 고속철 등 그룹이동체 내에서의 서비스도 점차 중요해지고 있다. 이동 중인 차량 내에서 일반 사용자들은 차량외부의 이동통신망을 통해 직접 서비스를 받을 수도 있고 이동무선백홀과 결합된 WLAN 혹은 펨토셀과 같은 차량내 이동 핫스팟 네트워크(MHN)형태로 서비스를 받을 수 있다. 최근 5G 이동통신에서는 고속환경(최대 500km/hr)에서도 최적의 서비스 품질을 유지하도록 요구하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 그룹이동체 내의 이동소형셀의 지원을 위한 이동무선백홀 기술의 동향을 분석하고 향후 수 Gbps급 이상의 데이터 전송속도를 지원할 수 있는 밀리미터파 기반의 MHN 이동무선백홀 기술을 소개한다.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.277-292
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• 2017

The development impact fee (DIF) zoning is a very beneficial public tool to provide the pre-planned urban infrastructures in those areas where significant urban sprawl had already taken place. In order to guarantee its benefit, however, it is required to designate the zone boundaries accurately and consistently. This study, in this context, tries to test the validity of the 50m-grid suggested in the official DIF manual, and to compare an alternative Hot Spot Analysis tool with the existing Spatial Aggregation method in configuring the zone boundaries. The results indicate that, unlike the case of population growth rate, current 50m grid size could not be much adequate in the case of using the development-permit increase rate to configure the primary DIF zones. Also, the optimal grid sizes seem to differ in the cases of Spatial Aggregation and Hot Spot Analysis. Further extended studies, in this regard, seem necessary to check the validity of the existing grid-size criteria as well as the boundary configuration methods.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.583-592
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• 2015

As the increase of an environmental disease has become a social problem after industrialization, academic interest in a spatial difference and characteristics of an environmental disease is on rise. The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial distribution and characteristics of an environmental disease using the data provided by National Health Insurance Corporation in 2009. This research is focusing on atopic dermatitis among a variety of environmental diseases and shows the map that atopic dermatitis patients are distributed. Also, The Local Moran's I show how spatial autocorrelation of atopic dermatitis patients are distributed. First, the distribution of atopic dermatitis patients show the spatial difference. Second, 42 places including the western part of Incheon are hot spots of atopic dermatitis. Third, 39 places including Danyang are cold spot of atopic dermatitis. Forth, Jeju-si and Seogwipo-si are unusually hot spot of atopic dermatitis. These results have important implications that further research need to be done in public health geography.