• Clean Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.138-144
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• 2006

Conversion of methane to synthesis gas in a capacitive rf plasma at low pressure was experimentally studied. In this plasma, electrons which had sufficient energy-level collided with the molecules of methane or oxygen-containing gas, which were than activated and converted to synthesis gas. The effect of input power, various oxygen-containing gas and composition of the gas mixture were investigated. The conversion of methane reached up to 100%. In all cases, hydrogen and carbon oxide were produced as primary products, and other compounds was generated. The conversion of methane and the yield of hydrogen and carbon oxides were increased with increasing the input power. Depending on the oxygen-containing gases, the composition of synthesis gas was varied.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 1991

The essential oils of the two cultivars of Korean ginger were isolated by simultaneous steam distillation and extraction method. Then the essential oils were fractionated into one hydrocarbon fraction and two oxygented hydrocarbon fractions by using silica gel column chromatography. The composition of the resulting oils were investigated by GC-MS spectrometry. The volatile oil contents of the two fresh cultivars were 0.32%(wb) and consisted of 68.1% hydrocarbon and 31.9% oxygenated hydrocarbons. Out of 101 characterized compounds, 54 were identified by comparing GC retentions and mass spectral data with authentic samples and 47 were tentatively identified according to mass spectral data only. The major compounds of hydrocarbon fraction were camphene, ${\beta}-phellandrene$, zingiberene, ${\gamma}-bisabolene,\;{\bate}-sesquiphellandrene$, and of oxygenated hydrocarbon fractions were 1,8-cineol, neral, geranial, geranyl acetate, citronellol, geraniol and ${\alpha}-terpeneol+borneol$. Comparing the yield and composition of Korean ginger oil with those from other origins reported, Korean ginger oils showed good yields of oil, whilst those contained higher amounts of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons.

• Environmental engineer
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• s.115
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• pp.43-45
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• 1996

강력한 오존 발생기에서 나오는 4.6$\%$의 오존이 액체에 주어졌을 때 처음 반응은 오존이 산소분자와 원자로 분열을 일으키고 산소 발생기로 접어들게 함으로써 산화물을 촉진케 하는 불소를 능가하는 단 하난의 음전성의 산화가능성을 가진 것이기 때문에 오존은 거의 모든 유기성 화합물을 공격할 수 있는 자연이 준 강력한 산화제이며 만능의 처리제인 것이다.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.12-16
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• 1987

세계각국에서는 원류의 소비절약과 대체연료의 개발에 발차를 기하는 등 유류파동에 휘말리지 않 으려고 노력하고 있다. 그러한 노력의 일찬으로 기존기한을 크게 개조 및 수정하지 않는 범위 에서 메타놀 등의 알콜류에 대한 연국가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그 예로서 가솔린에 10-20%의 알콜을 혼합하면 안티노크성이 증가되고 기관의 운전이 원활하다는 것이 오래전부터 알려져 있 었다. 자동차의 배출가스문제가 제기되면서 이와 같은 종류으 혼합연료를 배기대책에 이용하는 것이 검토되었다. 더욱이 가솔린이나 경유에 알콜 등의 함산소화합물, 기타 첨가제를 혼합하여 연소를 개신하고 배출가스를 저장하는 가능성에 대한 연구가 많이 진행되었다. 지금까지의 연 구에서는 알콜, 에테르 등 항산소화합물의 일부가 적당하게 이용됨에 따라 순수가 솔린만을 사 용하는 것 보다도 배출가스의 점에서 유리하다고 알려졌다. 또 최근에는 석유자원을 절약하는 보조연료로서 또 장래의 대체연료로서 그 평가의 관점이 바뀌고 있다.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 1991

휘발유는 가솔린엔진을 구동하기 위한 에너지원으로서, 원유로부터 정제된 탄화수소 혼합물을 주성분으로 하고 알콜, 에테르와 같은 함산소화합물이나 특정 성능을 보완해주기 위한 첨가제 등이 배합되기도 한다. 본 고에서는 최근 환경오염방지와 관련하여 휘발유 배합재로 각광받고 있는 MTBE의 전반적인 특성과 MTBE가 배합된 휘발유의 차량에서의 실용 성능에 관해 살펴보고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.168-173
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• 1994

Contents of essential oil and its composition in aerial part of Agastache rugosa were investigated. Essential oil was obtained from the dried stems, leaves and flowers by steam distillation and fractionated into hydrocarbon and oxygenated hydrocarbon by silica gel column chromatography. Each isolate or fraction was identified by GC and GC-MS. The contents of essential oil were 0.29% in leaves of Agastache rugosa on dry basis, 0.38% in flowers. Major components were ${\beta}-caryophyllene(59.3%)$, limonene(13.1%), ${\delta}-cadinene(10.7%)$ among 13 kinds of components confirmed in hydrocarbon fraction of essential oil isolated from leaves. Also, major components in oxygenated hydrocarbon fraction were methyl chavicol (79.1%) and cis-3(1-propenyl) phenol(4.5%) among 44 kinds components confirmed. The highest content among the components identified was methyl chavicol in both leaves and flowers. On the other hand, limonene, trans-2-hexenal, 1-octen-3-one, 6, 10, 14- trimethyl pentadecane- 2-one and phytol were detected typically in leaves, but jasmone and ${\rho}-methoxyacetophenone$ were detected mainly in flowers with small quantity.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.312-317
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• 1991

The volatile components of Korean and Chinese Inulae flos were identified. It is made of dried Inulae flos from the components were collected by simultaneous steam distillation extract method. Those were analyzed by combined gas chromatography(GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometrt(GC/MS). Sixty two components, including 10 hydrocarbons, 7 aldehydes, 18 alcohols, 3 ketones, 5 esters, 13 acids and 6 miscellaneous components were identified. Volatile components in Inulae flos were fractinated into one hydrocarbon fraction and two oxygenated hydrocarbon fractions by using silica gel column chromatography. The volatile components consisted of 16.85% hydrocarbon and 83.15% oxygenated hydrocarbons in Korean Inulae flos, 23.46% hydrocarbon and 76.53% oxygenated hydrocarbons in Chinese Inulae flos.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 1992

The essential oil of Korean ginger(Zingiber officinale Roscoe) was isolated by liquid carbon dioxide extraction method and fractionated into one hydrocarbon fraction and two oxygenated hydrocarbon fractions by using silica gel column chromatography. The compositions of the resulting oils were investigated by GC and GC-MS spectrometry. Out of 102 identified compounds, 44 were identified by comparing GC retention time and mass spectral data with authentic samples and 58 were tentatively identified according to mass spectral data only. The major compounds of hydrocarhon fraction were $zingiberene,\;{\beta}-sesquiphellandrene,\;{\gamma}-bisabolene,\;{\gamma}-cardinene,\;ar-curcumene$, and those of oxygenated hydrocarbon fractions wee geranal, sesquisabinene hydrate, borneol and zingiberenol. The major compounds of ginger oil were zingiberene, $citronellol+{\beta}-sesquiphellandrene,\;geranial,\;{\gamma}-bisabolene\;and\;ar-curcumene+geranyl\;acetate$, and ginger oil contained higher amounts of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. The yield of extract was 6.96%.

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1049-1058
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• 1992

자동차 공해를 저감하기 위해서는 정부 당국의 도로 여건 개선을 통한 교통 체증의 해소, 자동차 제조기술(연소, 제어, 배기가스 정화등)의 개선, 정유사의 저공해 연료 개발 및 운전자 개개인의 운전 습관 개선, 차량 정비 점검 등 제반 노력이 합치되어야 할 것이다. 이중 연료 측면에서의 대기오염 개선을 위한 저공해화 기술을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 자동차 배기가스에 영향을 미치는 휘발유의 황함량을 낮추면 휘발유 자동차의 유해 배기가스 배출이 전반적으로 감소한다. RVP와 방향족 함량은 낮을수록, 함산소화합물함량은 높을수록 HC와 CO를 저감시키며 특히 CO의 저 감이 현저하다. 90% 증류점을 낮추면 HC 배출량이 크게 감소하고 올레핀함량을 낮추면 $NO_{x$ 배출이 억제된다.

• Clean Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.174-181
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• 2022

Biomass is a sustainable alternative resource for production of liquid fuels and organic compounds that are currently produced from fossil fuels including petroleum, natural gas, and coal. Because the use of fossil fuels can increase the production of greenhouse gases, the use of carbon-neutral biomass can contribute to the reduction of global warming. Although biological and chemical processes have been proposed to produce petroleum-replacing chemicals and fuels from biomass feedstocks, it is difficult to replace completely fossil fuels because of the high oxygen content of biomass. Production of petroleum-like fuels and chemicals from biomass requires the removal of oxygen atoms or conversion of the oxygen functionalities present in biomass derivatives, which can be achieved by catalytic hydrodeoxygenation. Hydrodeoxygenation has been used to convert raw biomass-derived materials, such as biomass pyrolysis oils and lignocellulose-derived chemicals and lipids, into deoxygenated fuels and chemicals. Multifunctional catalysts composed of noble metals and transition metals supported on high surface area metal oxides and carbons, usually selected as supports of heterogeneous catalysts, have been used as efficient hydrodeoxygenation catalysts. In this review, the catalysts proposed in the literature are surveyed and hydrodeoxygenation reaction systems using these catalysts are discussed. Based on the hydrodeoxygenation methods reported in the literature, an insight for feasible hydrodeoxygenation process development is also presented.