• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.85-104
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• 1997

As the concern about health is increased, the importance of preventive medicine that prevent disease in advance to overcome boundary of disease remedy gets emphasized in the whole world. The fundamental thoughts of oriental medicine are the harmony between the human body and nature, the unified idea regarding mind in the same light with body, and the symmetry of the cosmo dual forces. And oriental medicine is a kind of study that has developed on the ground of prevention thought. from old days, it has been developed the preventive medicine at is called 'Yangseng(養生; recuperation)' etc. with the clinical medicine. The preventive medicine of oriental medicine was taking a serious of the first preventive medicine of an incurable disease thought and the prevention thought that belongs to the second and third preventive medicine is described through the whole oriental medicine. Also the clinical and preventive medicine to apply to the clinics have an in- separable relation. Therefore I inspected the part of the preventive medicine described in some oriental medicine books and studied the characteristics of preventive medicine of oriental medicine as follows; First, the preventive medicine of oriental medicine has the characteristics that is emphasized generally in the first preventive medicine and wholly it is composed in the system of the first, second and third preventive medicine. It has the presentative theory such as 'Jungkijonae sabulkaghan(正氣存內 邪不可干; If good energy is in body, a disease. dosen't occur)', 'Husajukpung Phijeyushi(虛邪賊風 避之有時; When e infectious disease like plague break out, they must avoid the place occurring the disease)', 'Chuninsangeung(天人相應; The harmony of nature and human)' etc.. This is intimately related to the incurable disease thought of the inside diameter and oriental medicine has pursued that. Second, due to the most prerequisite theory of disease production, the balanced condition of environment, the cause of a disease and host is called the health. As oriental medicine has the system of aetiology like that, we can see the host and environments are importance most of all. Namely we can think of the relation of host >> environment > the cause a disease Up to date Jungkijonae Sabulkaghan(正氣存內 邪不可干) that the most oriental medicine doctors have had a knowledge is not whole theory but a pan of oriental medicine science and it is included in oriental medicine theory to avoid infectious disease such as Husajukpung Phijeyushi(虛邪賊風 避之有時). Third, according to the natural result of the first and second contents, we can know that its characteristics stress the remedy without drugs. Because Jungkijonae Sabulkaghan(正氣存內 邪不可干), Husasukpung Phijeyushi(虛邪賊風 避之有時), and Chuninsangeung(天人相應) mean that they prevent disease in condition of freedom from ailment, We can prevent the disease production through the positive preventive methods such as exercise, spirit, food and innate prevention etc.. fourth, the preventive medicine of oriental medicine has developed with therapeutics and it contains all oriental medical methods such as host, environment, exercise, acupuncture and moxibustion, innate or postnatal methods. Also it is the general preventive medicine that has fundamental philosophy of oriental medicine; for examples, the unified idea, the harmony of nature and human, and the unity of mind and body. fifth, to develope the above scientific merit and special features, the preventive medicine of Oriental medicine must be objectified and reemergent stud? gets more and more essential from now on. Especially we need to have the scientific concern of Oriental medicine about the cause of a disease, environmental hygiene, industrial sanitation, and personal hygiene etc..

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제4권
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• pp.161-187
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• 1995

This study was perfomed to investigate causes of the senile hypotension, pathogenic mechanism, symptoms, and therapies through medical literatures, recent chinese medical literatures and chinese medical journals. The results are as follows ; 1. The senile hypotension has major symptoms of dizziness, weakness, syncope, palpitation, shortness of breath, and deficiency of Qi. Additionally, it has minor symtoms of letharhy, isomnia, tinnitus, amnesia etc... 2. The prodromal symptoms of Kwul and Kwul are relating to the symptoms of tachycardia, facial pallor, sweating, anxietas, ambiguous consciousness, and fainting. Weakness and dizziness due to deficiency make the symptoms of exhaustion, fatigue, vertigo, lethargy, and brachycardia. 3. The most principal cause of the senile hypotension is deficiency of Shen due to aging, congenital deficiency, and chronic illness. The rest of causes are defciency of Qi and blood, phlegm of retention, stagnation of Qi, blood stasis, blood prostration etc... In the view of the occidental meicine, the causes of the senile hypotension came from the reduction of cardiac output, the decretion of cardiovascular system's extention due to aging, hereditary factor, secondary factor due to exsanguination, diabetes mellitus, C.V.A etc..., and factor of neurogenic system's degeneration. 4. The principal pathogenic mechanisms are the insufficiency of Xing-Yang, the deficiency of Qi in middle jiao, and deficiency of Shen-Qi. The rest of mechanisms are the deficiency of both Qi and blood, stagnation of the Gan-Qi, and the deficiency of Gan and Shen. Zang-Pu Organs have something to do with Xing, Bi, and Shen. 5. As principal therapies, there are warming and recuperation the Xing-Yang, strengthing the middle-jiao and replenishing Qi, replenishing vital essence to tonify the Shen, and warming and recuperation the Shen-Yang. Additionally, the therapies of invigorating the Bi and relieving mental stress, strengthning the Bi and tonifing the Shen, invigorating Qi and nourishing Yin, soothing the Gan and regulating the circulation of Qi, and tonifing the Shen and nourishing the Gan help the cure of the senile hypotension. In prescriptions there are Baohe Yuan Tang, Buzhong Yigi Tang, Zuoguei Yin, Yougui Yin, Guipi Tang, Zhu Fu Tang, Shengmai San, Sini San, and Qi Ju Dihuang Wan. The medical herbs of Astragali Radix, Codonopsitis Pilosulae Radix, Ginseng Radix, Aconiti Tuber, Ephedrae Herba, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Cinnamomi Corfex Spissus, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Liriopis Tuber, Polygonati Sibirici Rhifoma, Lycii Fructus, Schizandrae Fructus, and Glycyrrhizae Radix can be treated. 6. According to the clinical report, the principal causes are the deficiency of Qi, and insufficiency of Yang which symptoms are dizziness, vitality fatigue and acratia, amnesia, body cold and alger of extremity, spontaneous perspiration, and therady and weak pulse. It was improved by taking WenYang YiQi Tang, Zhu Fu Tang about 20-30 days. The improvement was shown on disappearance of subjective symptoms or the ascending of blood pressure to normal figure, and the rate of improvement was over 70%. 7. As regimens, taking warming and recuperating food(a sheep mutton, juglans regia, chiness date, longan aril etc...) and pungent food(chinese green onion, fress ginger, pipers fructns etc...), doing physical training, not being ill in bed at a long time, and preventing descent of blood pressure coming from sudden change of posture are needed. Additionally, the usage of diuretic, abirritant, and depressor needs to be extra cautious.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.458-466
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to review the research on treating depression in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) over the last 5 years to set the foundation for further studies. We searched for and analyzed articles about depression in CNKI(China National Knowledge Infrastructure) from January 2010 to December 2014. The results were as follows : The most frequently used diagnostic criteria was CCMD-3(The Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders-3), and the most used evaluation criteria was HAMD(Hamilton Depression Rating Scale). Prescription of decoction of medical herbs was most frequently used as a therapeutic method. Acupuncture, traditional Chinese psychotherapy, and music therapy were also used for some studies. The most frequent TCM Syndrome Differentiation Type was stagnation of liver-QI. For decoction of Chinese herbs, Soyo-san(Xiaoyao-san) and Sihosogan-san(Chaihushugan-san) were most often prescribed, and Bupleuri Radix, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Curcumae Radix, Poria cocos wolf, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba were mainly used for medical herbs. BaekHoi(GV20) and Yindang(Ex-HN3) were often used as acupuncture sites. Post-Stroke Depression was the most common case of intercurrent or secondary depression. According to the Jadad Quality Assessment Scale, the quality of the reports was not high as most of the reports had a score of 3 or below. Most systematic reviews on depression were conducted by Chinese researchers. The problem with Clinical research on depression, according to those reviews, was that there were no standardized criteria for the diagnosis and treatment and the trials were usually not randomized nor controlled. We found out there are various clinical methods for treating depression in TCM, and hope that this research could provide the preliminary data for designing and conducting clinical trials for depression.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.35-49
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of moxibustion theraphy for frozen shoulder through systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods The effect of moxibustion for frozen shoulder was constructed as a key question to search randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in 16 databases without type of publication restriction. Results A total of 790 studies were searched and 22 RCTs were finally selected through primary and secondary selection/exclusion process. In most of the evaluation indexes used in each study, moxibustion treatment for shoulder pain was statistically significant compared with other treatments. A meta-analysis of effective rate in 10 studies comparing moxibustion with acupuncture and acupuncture showed a statistically significant effect of moxibustion treatment. And there was a significant effect on the improvement of the shoulder mobility, but the effect size of shoulder pain was no significant effect for shoulder pain reduction. In addition in the result of meta-analysis of 4 studies' effective rate comparing moxibustion with electronic acupuncture, the effect of moxibustion was significantly higher than that of electronic acupuncture in frozen shoulder. Conclusions Moxibustion therapy was effective in symptoms in patients with frozen shoulder. However because of the high risk of bias in the quality of the included studies, the applicability of this study seems to be limited. It is thought that future randomized controlled trials will need to be designed and performed by reviewing ways to minimize bias.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture treatment for recovery of patients with vertebral compression fracture(VCF). Methods : We searched ten English and Chinese and seven Korean database up to April 2018. Randomised controlled trials(RCTs), quasi-RCTs, non-radomised Controlled Trials(CCTs) were eligible. Quasi-RCTs and CCTs were assessed only for safety assessment. Pain and adverse events were primary outcome of this review. Quality of life, dysfunction, patient satisfaction, incidence of new vertebral compression fracture were regarded as secondary outcomes. The risk of bias was assessed by two independent authors using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Level of evidence was tabulated using the GRADE methods. Results : Of 1656 screened, 15 RCTs, 1 quasi-RCT and 3 CCTs were included. Number of participants per study ranged from 45 to 135. Most of the studies had unclear or high risk of bias and considerable heterogeneity in terms of type of intervention, comparison and time-points for outcome measurement. Compared to usual care alone, acupuncture combined with usual care showed short-term favorable results for pain relief in patients with VCF(5 studies, n=252, MD -1.05 point on a 0 to 10 point scale, 95% CI -1.45 to -0.65, $I^2=74%$). Four studies reported mild and temporary adverse events, and no serious adverse events were reported. One study descriptively reported that acupuncture was effective for improving quality of life without providing numerical outcomes. There were no reports of patient satisfaction and incidence of new VCF. Conclusions : Level of evidence is very low for the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for pain, harms and other clinical outcomes in patients with VCF. Included studies suffered from incomplete reporting, high or unclear risk of bias and substantial heterogeneity between studies. Future high-quality RCTs are needed to assess whether acupuncture is beneficial for recovery of patients with VCF.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.178-192
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• 2020

Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the impacts of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and behavioral treatment (BT) on weight loss and psychological outcomes among patients with three different subtypes of obesity: simple obesity, obesity with binge eating disorder, and obesity with depression. Methods: Embase, PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Research Information Sharing Service, and Korean Studies Information Service System were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials conducted on or before May 2020, that used CBT to treat obesity. Methodological quality was assessed using Cochrane's risk of bias tool 2 and publication bias was evaluated through the funnel plot using the trim and fill method, Egger's test, and Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation test. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model and the standardized mean difference with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to determine effect size. Results: Twenty-one randomized controlled trials with a total of 22 intervention arms and 2,590 patients were included. Our study results revealed that the effects of CBT, compared with BT, on weight loss distinctly differed across all patient subgroups. In the simple obesity group, CBT was more effective than BT (Hedges' g=0.138, CI=0.012~0.264); however, in the obesity with binge eating disorder group, BT was more effective than CBT (Hedges' g=-0.228, CI=-0.418~-0.038); in the obesity with depression group, the effect of CBT was not statistically different from that of BT (Hedges' g=0.276, CI=-0.307~0.859). Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm the outcomes observed in this study. Conclusions: Our results indicated that the effects of CBT on obesity treatment vary based on patient subtype. Therefore, our findings suggest that CBT or BT should be selectively recommended as a treatment strategy for different obesity subtypes.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.62-78
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• 2023

Objectives : This study aims to assess the impact of acupotomy on migraine through an examination of clinical studies conducted since 2015. Methods : We conducted a comprehensive search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized controlled trials (nRCTs) related to acupotomy treatment for migraine, utilizing five Korean online databases (OASIS, Science ON, DBPIA, KISS, RISS), as well as four foreign online databases (CNKI, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library). We identified a total of 10 relevant studies for analysis. Participants characteristics, treatment points, combination treatments, treatment cycles or frequencies, evaluation indices, efficacy, and adverse events were analyzed. The risk of bias in the 10 RCTs was assessed using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0). Results : A total of 931 participants were included in 10 studies. In the intervention group, the average duration of migraine morbidity ranged from 15.5±4.5 months to 15.9±4.2 years. Six studies based their diagnoses on the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD), while five studies relied on Chinese diagnostic criteria. All studies specified the treatment area as the region exhibiting tenderness or induration on the head and neck. Treatment cycles ranged from a minimum of 2 days to a maximum of 1 week, with the number of days per treatment course varied from 5 days to 4 weeks. The diameter of acupuncture needles used varied between 0.3 mm and 1 mm. Of the eight studies specifying needle length, the shortest was 20 mm, and the longest was 40 mm. A total of eight evaluation indices were employed, with total efficacy rate (TER) and visual analogue scale (VAS) being the most frequently used. Statistically, all intervention groups showed more significant results compared to the control groups. Adverse events were reported in only two studies within the intervention group. Overall, the risk of bias assessment for the selected RCTs ranged from 'some concerns' to 'high risk of bias.' Conclusions : This study showed that acupotomy treatments for migraine were effective.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제4권
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• pp.19-73
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• 1990

Today, many people are more interested in preventing the disease than curing it. Chi-Kung (氣功) is the way of Life-Cultivation (養生法) peculiar to the orient, it is reported in china that Chi-Kung has an excellent curative value not only in curing the disease but also in preventing it. But the full-scale study of Chi-Kung is not be made up to now in Korea, so I studied the developmental history of chinese Chi-Kung through the oriental medical books. From this study, I reached the following conclusions ; 1. Chi-Kung is naturally derived from the self-preservation instinct to adapt oneself to circumstances of the nature, but in the investigation from the documentational records, it is originated in the treatment method of the Sam-Huang-O-Jae (三皇五帝 )period to cure the abnormal circulation of the vital force and blood caused by damp (濕). 2. As the principle and the method of the Life-Cultivation of the Chun-chu-Jeon-Kook (春秋戰國) periods were recorded in Huang-Jae-Nai-Gyung (黃帝內徑) detailly and the remedy examples by ancient Chi-Kung such as Tao-Yin (導引), Haeng-Chi (行氣) were presented, we considered that theoretical basis of the development of Life-cultivation and Chi-Kung study was furnished in that period. 3. A famous doctor, Hwa-Ta (華陀) lived in Han dynasty, researched the theory and practice of Tao-Yin transmitted from the former generations, as that result, he formed a kind of medical gymnastics what is called O-Keum-Hi (五禽戱). It is considered that 'O-Keum-Hi' is a Tao-Yin method developed more practically and systemetically than the Tao-Yin appeared in the 'Jang-Ja' (莊子) or 'Hoy-Nam-Ja' (淮南子). 4. In Wui-Jin-Nambook Jo (魏晋南北朝) periods, the contents of Chi-Kung were more abundant under the influence of Buddhism (佛敎) and Taoism (道敎). Galhong (葛洪), the author of 'Po-Bak-Ja' (抱朴子) arranged the ancient Chi-Kung method systematically first of all, Tao-Goeng-Gyung (陶宏景), the author of 'Yang-Seong-Yeun-Myung-Rok' (養性延命錄) recorded the 'Yook-Ja-Geul' (六字訣) first time. 5. There is a new development of Chi-Kung therapy in Soo-Tang-Odae (隋唐五代) pefiods, especially So-Won-Bang (巢元方), the author of 'Jey-Byung-Won-Hwu-Ron' (諸病源候論) collected aimost all of the Chi-Kung method, for curing the disease formed before soo (隋) period. From that fact, we supposed that Chi-Kung was utilized more widely in curing the disease. 6. 'So-Ju-Cheon-Hwa-Hu-Peob' (小周天火候法) was adopted as the best orthodox approach under the influence of Nae-Tan-Taoist (道敎內丹學派) in Song-Keum-Won (宋金元) periods, especially in the song dynasty, 'Pal-Dan-Geum' (八段錦) was appeared and assignment of six-Chi (六氣) for bowel and viscera in the 'Yook-Ja-Geul' (六字訣) was decided firmly, that is to say Lung-Si (肺-呬), Heart-Kha (心-呵), Spleen-Hoa (脾-呼), Liver-Hoe (肝-噓), Kidneychui (賢-吹), Three-Burner-shi (三焦-嘻). 7. In Myung-Cheong (明淸) periods, The general practitioner applied the principle of 'Byun-Jeng-Ron-Chi' (辨證論治) to the Chi-Kung field, and after Myeong dynasty the style of doing 'Yook-Ja-Gyel' (六字訣) was developed to the moving style. 8. Today, in china, the study on the Chi-Kung is being progressed constantly under the positive assistance of government, Chi-Kung-Hak (氣功學) has taking its place as a branch of study step by step. It is considered that the establishment of Chi-Kung-Hak Classroom (氣功學教室) and Medical Chi-Kung Center (氣功療法室) for special and systematic research are needed, at the same time the settlement of institutional system for training the Chi-Kung technician (氣功師) is also needed.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1999

한약(韓藥)의 효능(效能)은 약성(藥性)에 의해 분류(分類)되고 질병(疾病)을 치료(治療)하며 예방(豫防)하는 작용(作用)을 한다. 그러나 약성(藥性) 이론(理論)의 문헌(文獻)과 임상연구(臨床硏究)는 비교적 많지만 상대적으로 실험연구(實驗硏究)는 일부분에 불과하여 효능(效能)을 입증(立證)하는데 어려움이 많다. 이에 저자(著者)는 온열성약(溫熱性藥)들이 지니고 있는 유효(有效) 성분(成分)들을 조사(調査)하고 이 온열성약(溫熱性藥)에 함유(含有)되어 있는 유효(有效) 성분(成分)들의 구조적(構造的)인 특성(特性)과 화학적(化學的)인 공통점(共通點)을 찾아 온열성약(溫熱性藥)의 분류(分類)에 대한 일반적(一般的)인 기준(基準)을 제시(提示)하고자 하였다. 그 결과 각각의 열성약(熱性藥)과 온성약(溫性藥)들이 함유(含有)하고 있는 유효(有效) 성분(成分)간의 구조적(構造的)인 공통점(共通點)을 찾아내었으며 구조적(構造的)인 공통점(共通點)으로부터 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. 열성약(熱性藥) 중에서 강(强)한 독성(毒性)을 나타내는 부자(附子)와 초오(草烏)의 효능을 나타내는 유효 성분(成分)들은 C19-diterpenoid alkaloid과 C20-diterpenoid alkaloid 계열의 구조(構造)를 지닌 화합물들로 구성(構成)되어 있다. 이 디테르펜 알카로이드(diterpene alkaloid)들의 경우 고리의 구조(構造)가 aconitane(1), hetisan(16)과 7,20-cycloveatchane(17)의 기본골격(基本骨格)을 지니고 있으며, 이 두 가지 기본구조(基本構造)의 공통점(共通點)은 A 고리에 질소를 포함한 2-azabicyclo-[3.3.1]-nonanyl의 부분구조를 갖고 있으며, 이 부분 구조는 자연계에 존재하는 tropane alkaloid들의 기본구조(基本構造)와 유사하다. Tropane alkaloid들은 중추신경계에 작용하는 약물들로 알려져 있으며, tropane alkaloid는 일반적으로 anatoxin a(171)와 같이 강(强)한 독성(毒性)을 나타내며, 부자(附子)와 초오(草烏)가 지니고 있는 강한 독성(毒性)은 바로 2-azabicyclo-[3.3.1]-nonanyl 구조(構造)에 기인하는 것으로 추정할 수 있다. 2. 육계(肉桂)에 주성분으로 함유(含有)되어 있는 cinncassiol(47) 화합물(化合物)들은 분자 내에 bicyclo-[4.3.0]-nonanyl과 bicyclo-[3.3.0]-octanyl의 기본 혹은 부분 구조를 지니고 있다. 3. Cinncassiol(47) 화합물(化合物)들은 강(强)한 항균력(抗菌力)을 보이고 있는데, cinncassiol(47) 화합물들이 지니고 있는 구조적인 특성인 bicyclo-[4.3.0]-nonanyl과 bicyclo-[3.3.0]-octanyl의 기본 혹은 부분 고리구조는 sesquiterpenoid 화합물(化合物)들과 diterpenoid 화합물(化合物)들 중에서 많이 발견되며, 이러한 구조(構造)를 지니고 있는 sesquiterpenoid 화합물(化合物)과 diterpenoid 화합물(化合物)들도 좋은 항균력(抗菌力)을 보이고 있다. 이러한 공통(共通)된 구조상(構造上)의 유사점(類似點)이 항균력(抗菌力)을 나타내는 지표로서 활용 가능성이 기대된다. 4. 온성약(溫性藥)의 경우, 백지(白芷)의 coumarin(39) 화합물(化合物)들과 furocoumarin(61) 화합물(化合物)들, 건량(乾量)의 gingerol(87), shogaol(93), gingerdiol(95) 등과 capsaicin(102), 마황(麻黃)의 ephedrine(124) 계렬(系列) 화합물(化合物)들, 세신(細辛)의 methyleugenol(136)과 asaricin(137)의 구조(構造)에서 발견(發見)할 수 있는 공통적(共通的)인 요소는 phenolic 또는 methoxyphenyl의 공통구조를 지니고 있다. 온성약(溫性藥)의 유효성분들은 공통적으로 phenolic aromatic 화합물(化合物)을 함유(含有)하고 있다. 따라서, 열성약(熱性藥)과 온성약(溫性藥)은 주성분(主成分)들의 분포(分布)가 각기 다르며, 독성(毒性)을 나타내는 열성약(熱性藥)은 2-azabicyclo-[3.3.1]-nonanyl 구조(構造)를 지니고 있고, 육계(肉桂)와 같은 항균력(抗菌力)을 지니는 약물(藥物)은 bicyclo-[3.3.0]-octanyl 또는 bicyclo-[4.3.0]-nonanyl의 구조(構造)를 지닌다. 백지(白芷), 마황(麻黃), 세신(細辛) 등에서 볼 수 있듯이 온성약(溫性藥)은 benzene 구조(構造)를 함유(含有)하는 phenolic aromatic 화합물(化合物)들이 주종을 이룬다.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.89-110
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• 1998

본 논문은 금속-폴리에틸렌 복합관을 고랑에 매설하고 뒤채움할 경우 관에 작용하는 뒤채움 하중에 관한 연구로서 지금까지 널리 이용하고 있는 Marston-Spangler 이론을 유한요소 해석에 의해서 검토하였다. 유한요소 해석 결과의 신뢰성은 현장 매설관 실험에 의해서 검증하였다. 즉, 현장에서 실물 크기의 관을 매설한 후 뒤채움 높이를 증가시켜 가면서 측정한 관에 작용하는 하중과 관의 변형량은 유한요소 해석의 결과와 비교적 잘 일치함을 확인하였다. 그리고 1.0m 이하의 관경, 관경의 3.0배 이하의 고랑폭, 4.0m 이하의 뒤채움 높이 범위내에서, 뒤채움흙의 종류, 뒤채움 높이, 고랑폭 및 관경 등이 매설관에 작용하는 하중에 대해 어떠한 영향을 끼치는지를 유한요소 해석과 Marston-Bpangler 이론에 의해서 검토 비교하였다. 연구 결과로서 금속-폴리에틸렌 복합관에 작용하는 하중은 Marston-Spangler 이론에 의해서 계산하는 것이 합리적이라는 사실을 확인하였으며 Marston-Spangler 이론을 적용할때 설계계수 Inp 값으로 0.0을 취할 것을 제안하였다. 그리고 Marston-Spangler 뒤채움흘의 hi 값은 유한요소 해석에서 Duncan 흙 모텔의 SC 값, SM 흙에 대해서는 각각 0.13, 0.15로 할 것이 권장된다. 뒤채움 높이에 따른 하중비. WMf/WFBM의 변화는 좁은 고랑에서는 미미하나 넓은 고랑에서는 뒤 채움 높이가 증가할수록 증가하는 경향을 나타낸다. 또한 이 하중비는 관경이 커질수록 좁은 고랑 에서는 증가하는 반면 넓은 고랑에서는 감소한다. 그리고 뒤채움흙의 다짐도가 클수록 하중비는 감 소하며 SM 흙이 SC흙보다 더 큰 하중비를 나타낸다.식으로 모델 화하였다. 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 y/D=0.2 이하에서 CLM 방법의 적용성이 입증되었다.)히 현상적관찰(現象的觀察)과 경험적추리(經驗的推理)로서 설명(說明)되었기 때문에 현대의학(現代醫學)(서양의학(西洋醫學))과 같은 조직해부학(組織解剖學) 및 생화학적(生化學的)인 이론(理論)과는 상위(相違)한 점(點)이 많다. 더욱이 음양오행설(陰陽五行說)이라는 다분(多分)히 형이상적(形而上的)인 학(學) 사유(思惟)로서 관찰추리(觀察推理)되였기 때문에 현대의학(現代醫學)과의 비교설명(比較說明)이 거의 불가능(不可能)하며 또한 한의학이론(韓醫學理論)의 과학적근거제시(科學的根據提示)도 현재(現在)로서는 어려운 형편(形便)이다. 그러나 이 의학(醫學)은 이미 2,000여년간(餘年間) 동양(東洋)에서 전래(傳來)한 경험의학(經驗醫學)으로서 동양인(東洋人)들은 이 의학(醫學)으로 소화계질환(消化系疾患)을 포함(包含)한 여러 가지 인간(人間)의 질병(疾病)을 치료(治療)해 왔고 현재(現在)도 이 의학(醫學)으로 치료(治療)를 하고 있고 실제적(實際的)으로 많은 치효(治效)를 보고 있는 것이다. 그러므로 이 의학(醫學)속에는 아직도 현대과학(現代科學)으로서 해명(解明)되지 못하는 어떤 요소(要素)들이 깃들여 있는 것이 확실(確實)하며 이것을 밝혀내기 위해서 우리 의학자(醫學者)들은 이 의학(醫學)에 관(關)한 모든 것을 연구(硏究)해 보아야 한다. 이런 뜻에서 본고찰(本考察)은 한방(漢方)의 역대제문헌(歷代諸文獻)을 섭렵(涉獵)하여 소화계질환(消化系疾患)에 관(關)한 제이론(諸理論)들을 발췌(拔萃), 한방(漢方)에서 보는 (1) 소화기관(消化器官)의 생리(生理) (2) 병리(病理), 증후(證候) (3)