• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2002

Cotinine, one of nicotine metabolites, has been blown to reduce 4-(methylnitro samino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone(NNK)- induced $O^{6}$MeG DNA adducts significantly in A/J mice when administered together with NNK. In order to examine the effects of phyto-extract mixture on the conversion of cotinine from nicotine, cellular and clinical experiments were carried out. When the phyto-extract mixture was added to culture media, human liver cells (FLCFR5) produced cotinine from nicotine 2~3 times compared to the control. The phyto-extract mixture which was microinjected into Xenopus oocyte along with nicotine showed the almost similar production of cotinine compared with the results of hepatic cell culture. In clinical test employing 17 to 20 healthy men, concentrations of urinary cotinine derived from smoking after taking photo-extract mixture increased up to 2 times compared to the control group. These results indicatethat the phyto-extract mixture can increase the metabolic efficiency of nicotine to cotinine, leading to the reduced formation of $O^{6}$MeG DNA adducts.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.13-32
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• 2017

Objectives This study is to review the effect of herbal medicines on obesity in animal models reported in Korean domestic journals after 2010. Methods The Databases (Koreantk, KISS, NDSL) are searched with terms as obesity, and animal study reports on obesity with herbal medicines after 2010 were reviewed. Animal model, intervention, and obesity indicator were extracted. Results 69 articles were reviewed. 57 studies used high fat diet to induce obesity. 56 studies used complex herbal medicines. Most used herbal material for anti-obesity effect is Ephedrae Herba. Each study shows significant changes of obesity indicators. Conclusions These results suggest that herbal medicine is effective treatment to obesity. But we need continuously agonize and research more effective and safe herbal medicine.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.131-144
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• 2016

Objective : This study is to review the effect of herbal medicines on treatment of Allergic Rhinitis in animal models reported in Korean domestic journals.Methods : The Databases(NDSL, Koreantk, OASIS, KISS) are searched with terms as Allergic Rhinitis. among them, only animal study reports were reviewed. Animal model, intervention, and observation methods of measuring indicators were extracted.Results : 27 articles were reviewed. All studies used OVA to induce Allergic Rhinitis. 7 studies used simple herbal medicines, 20 studies used complex herbal medicines, To evaluate the effect of the Herbal medicines, 23 studies used immunological examination, 18 studies used histological examination, 16 studies used hematologic examination, 3 studies used macroscopy The evidences of 5 studies is insufficient to show that Herbal medicines are effective for treatment of Allergic Rhinitis.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.359-371
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• 2017

Objectives: The objective of this study was to review the effect of oral administration of herbal medicines on the improvement of memory in Alzheimer's disease animal model reported in Korean domestic journals. Methods: The Korean databases (Koreantk, KISS) were searched with memory as a popular search term. During the searches, only animal study reports were reviewed. Data of animal models, intervention, observation methods of measuring indicators were extracted from the databases. Results: Typically, 36 articles were reviewed. Twenty-two studies used scopolamine to induce Alzheimer's disease, 24 studies used complex herbal medicines, and 12 studies used simple herbal medicines. Polygalae Radix and Acori Rhizoma were the most frequently used herbal medicines to improve memory in Alzheimer model. To evaluate the effect of herbal medicines, 36 studies used macroscopy, 16 studies used molecular biological analysis, 21 studies used biochemical analysis, 15 studies used histological analysis, and 11 studies used hematological analysis. Each study showed significant improvement with respect to memory indicators. Conclusions: Overall, the results suggest that treatment employing herbal medicines is an effective option to treat memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2006

Background and Aims: Herbal drugs and traditional medicines have lately attracted considerable attention by global pharmaceutical corporations because the conventional chemical drugs didn't work well for many chronic diseases or intractable diseases. The government of Korea is also supporting to develop the new drug which is high value added product, and the natural medicine including herbal medicine(or Traditional Korean Medicine) have a significant presence in this field. non-clinical pharmacology/toxicology study and clinical trial are the two major criteria which estimate efficacy and safety for registration of new drugs. All of the pharmaceutical companies producing herbal medicine and the academic and the academic world of Tradition Korean Medicine have the will to develop new herbal drugs, but there are obstacles that they have neither experience nor guideline about clinical trial. Therefore for developing new herbal drugs, it is necessary to research the present conditions and comprehensive systems about clinical trial in Northeast Asian countries China, Taiwan and Japan because they have the common background with Korea in traditional medicine fields. Methods : The present state of clinical trial for herbal medicine in Korea was investigated. And then, those in China, Taiwan, Japan was also investigated. Results and conclusions : There are significant differences among 4 Southeast Asian countries Korea, China, Taiwan and Japan each in present condition, purpose, involved comprehensive system including legislation, and actual operation of clinical trial for traditional medicine.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-45
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• 2005

많은 암 환자들이 보완대체의학(CAM)의 치료법을 이용한다. 의사들은 보완대체의학 치료법에 대한 권위 있는 정보들을 이를 찾는 환자들에게 책임 있는 조언을 줄 수 있기 위해 필요로 한다. 이 글은 암 환자에게 일반적으로 사용되는 선택된 보완대체의학 치료법의 효과와 안정성에 대한 최근의 증거를 요약했다. 식이요법과 보조식품, 한약 및 기타 생약제재, 침, 마사지, 운동, 심리 및 심신의학 등의 주요 카테고리가 포함되었다. 효과의 증거에 대한 '가능한 질병진행과 생존율에 대한 효과' 및 '가능한 완화효과'의 두 가지 범주가 고려되었다. 안전성의 증거를 평가하는데 있어 '직적접인 부작용의 위험'과 '통상적 치료법과의 상호작용에 의한 위험'의 두 가지 위험 요소가 고려되었다. 각각의 치료에 있어 효용성과 안정성에 대한 현재의 균형은 이 치료법이 적절히 권고가 되고 수용되어지거나(예를 들어 유방암과 전립선암을 가진 영양 섭취가 충분한 환자의 식이지방 감소) 억제되는 것을(예를 들어 과량의 비타민 A 보조제) 제시한다. 이러한 전략은 보완대체의학의 치료법을 찾는 암환자들에게 책임 있고 근거중심적이고 환자중심적인 조언을 제공하는 것을 발전시킬 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.119.1-119
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• 2003

단체 급식의 증가와 더불어 편의식품을 선호하는 소비 경향에 맞추어 최소가공한 과일의 갈변저해를 위한 저해제를 탐색하였다. 실험에 사용한 과일은 배와 감으로 각각 박피하여 속심을 제거한 후 배는 8조각으로 절단하고 감은 1~2cm 두께로 slice 하였다. 저해제는 1% ascorbic acid, citric acid, NaCl, MgCl$_2$, CaCl$_2$, oxalic acid, EDTA, raffinose, salicylic acit, sporix를 사용하였다. 또한 열수 추출한 오약, 계피, 황기, 당기, 건칡, 진피, 천궁, 감초 등도 저해제로 사용하였다. 최소가공한 과일은 저해제에 3분간 침지한 후 물기를 제거하고 tray에 포장하여 실온에서 저장하면서 colorimeter를 이용하여 갈변도의 변화를 측정하였다. 갈변 정도를 나타내는 $\Delta$E 는 시간의 경과에 따라 점차 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 배의 경우 변화 정도가 크지 않았다. NaCl, MgCl$_2$, CaCl$_2$를 처리한 배의 갈변 정도가 가장 적었다. cysteine을 처리한 구에서는 황화합물 냄새가 났다. 또한 oxalic acid를 처리한 구에서는 연화가 빠르게 일어났으며 저장 시간이 경과함에 따라 수분이 용출되었다. 한약재는 자체 색으로 인해 배의 색변화를 증가시켰으며 이취가 발생했다. 또한 저장 시간이 경과함에 따라 건조가 빠르게 일어나 관능적으로도 좋지 않은 결과를 나타냈다. 감에서는 CaCl$_2$, MgCl$_2$를 처리한 구에서 색의 변화가 가장 적었으며 cysteine은 색변화는 적었으나 배의 경우과 같이 이취가 발생하였다. 한약제는 계피와 진피를 처리한 감에서 색의 변화를 저해하는 효과를 보였다.를 처리하였을 경우 당귀, 천문동을 처리한 구에서 효과를 보였다. oxalic acid는 갈변저해에는 효과적이었으나 시간이 경과함에 따라 수분의 용출이 증가하였으며 물성의 변화도 컸다. 또한 ZnCl$_2$를 처리한 구에서는 이취 발생과 수분 용출이 컸으며 색의 변화도 컸다.내었다. 고온 단시간 처리구의 경우 저온 장시간 처리구와는 달리 저장 1일 후부터 그 농도가 다소 상승되었다가 다시 감소는 경향을 보였다. 한편 열처리하여 냉각시킨 직후 및 저장1주 후 사과의 pH, 산도, 당도, 경도, 과육의 갈변도 등을 조사하였던 바 대조구 및 처리구간에 일부 항목에 있어서는 약간의 차이를 나타내었다. 대치할 수 있을 것이라고 사료된다. 수분함량은 기계적 검사보다 관능검사와 더욱 높은 상관관계를 나타냈다.내었다. 항균활성이 우수한 생약재를 농도별로 활성을 조사한 결과, 물 추출물과 10% Ethanol 추출물 모두 낮은 농도에서도 우수한 항균활성을 나타내었다.취와 함께 점질성 갈변물질이 생성되었다. 이와 같은 결과로 볼 때, BAAG의 처리는 BAAC의 경우보다 가격은 저렴하면서도 항균력은 우수한 천연 항균복합제재로써 농산물 식품원료에 적용하여 선도유지 기간을 연장할 수 있는 효과를 기대할 수 있었다. 과일 등의 포장제로서 이용할 가능성을 확인하였다.로 [-wh] 겹의문사는 복수 의미를 지닐 수 없 다. 그러면 단수 의미는 어떻게 생성되는가\ulcorner 본 논문에서는 표면적 형태에도 불구하고 [-wh]의미의 겹의문사는 병렬적 관계의 합성어가 아니라 내부구조를 지니지 않은 단순한 단어(minimal $X^{0}$ elements)로 가정한다. 즉, [+wh] 의미의 겹의문사는 동일한 구성요 소를 지닌 병렬적 합성어([$[W1]_{XO-}$ $[W1]_{XO}$ ]

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.465-470
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to observe clinically the effects of red onion prescription on type 2 diabetes. The subject of this study were middle-aged people. We measured clinically physiological index, body composition, radial arterial pulse wave before taking medicine and after taking medicine for 4 month (the prescription of red onion). The study results were as follows. In physiological Index, diastolic blood pressure(mmHg)(p<0.001), Fasting blood glucose(mg/dL)(p=0.001), and HbA1c(%)(p<0.001) were decreased significantly after taking medicine. In body Composition, waist-hip ratio(p=0.031), body fat percentage(p=0.006), fat mass(kg)(p=0.005), and muscle mass(kg)(p=0.001) were decreased significantly after taking medicine. Blood Circulation Index, ECO(L/min)(p=0.038) and ECI($L/min/m^2$)(p=0.007) were increased significantly after taking medicine, ECR($dyne^*sec^*cm^{-5}$)(p=0.002), and ECRI($dyne^*sec/cm$)(p=0.001) were decreased significantly after taking medicine for 4 month. The prescription of red onion was showed significant change in physiological index, character of body composition, blood circulation index. Based on this result, it is considered that red onion prescription has the positive effects on type 2 diabetes and blood circulation clinically. In the future, diversified studies on the effects of red onion prescription are needed.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.42-46
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• 2002

Effects of the water extract from Kalopanax pictus NAKAI on insulin-like action and glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 cells were investigated. The bark of K. pictus NAKAI was treated with hot water and the extract was freeze-dried. Total extract of K. pictus NAKAI was fractionated into 6 fractions with increasing gradients from 0 to 100% MeOH on Amberlite XDA-4. Treatment of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts with 1 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 10 ${\mu}g/ml$ of K. pictus NAKAI total extracts significantly increased the differentiation of the cells. When co-treated with inducers such a dexamethasone, 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine and insulin, the differentiation was increased at 1 ${\mu}g/ml$ of total extract, but not at 10 ${\mu}g/ml$. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, glucose uptake was increased by 3.3 times with addition of 0.3 and 3 ${\mu}g/ml$ of Fr. 1 (0-10% MeOH) and Fr. 3 (30% MeOH) at 3 ng/ml insulin. In conclusion, K. pictus NAKAI contains such compounds that play a role of insulin-like action and insulin sensitizer.