• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.55-68
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a novel method to solve the problem of excessive segmentation out of the method of segmenting regions from an image using Homogeneity Threshold($H_T$). The algorithm of the previous image segmentation based on $H_T$ was carried out region growth by using only the center pixel of selected window. Therefore it was caused resulting in excessive segmented regions. However, before carrying region growth, the proposed method first of all finds out whether the selected window is homogeneity or not. Subsequently, if the selected window is homogeneity it carries out region growth using the total pixels of selected window. But if the selected window is not homogeneity, it carries out region growth using only the center pixel of selected window. So, the method can reduce remarkably the number of excessive segmented regions of image segmentation based on $H_T$. In order to show the validity of the proposed method, we carried out multiple experiments to compare the proposed method with previous method in same environment and conditions. As the results, the proposed method can reduce the number of segmented regions above 40% and doesn't make any difference in the quality of visual image when we compare with previous method. Especially, when we compare the image united with regions of descending order by size of segmented regions in experimentation with the previous method, even though the united image has regions more than 1,000, we can't recognize what the image means. However, in the proposed method, even though image is united by segmented regions less than 10, we can recognize what the image is. For these reason, we expect that the proposed method will be utilized in various fields, such as the extraction of objects, the retrieval of informations from the image, research for anatomy, biology, image visualization, and animation and so on.

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.31-58
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• 2018

In this study, we empirically investigated the antecedents of crowdfunding success in the arts and cultural field using the case of Tumblbug in Korea. We collected data on 494 projects listed on Tumblebug in the arts and culture category that includes feature film, documentary, short film, animation, and Web series, as of June 2018. We analyzed the factors associated with the final amount raised via crowdfunding on Tumblbug using the hierarchical regression method. We find that the social capital accumulated by a focal entrepreneur (i.e., the proposer/designer of a focal project) through prior participation in other related projects and social communication activities carried out during the funding period, respectively, have positive effects on the final amount raised. More interestingly, we also find that the intensity of social communication plays a central role in the funding success of arts and culture-related projects by supplementing the lack of the entrepreneur's social capital and the reward features including a given project.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.69-85
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• 2021

In the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, not only artificial intelligence, big data, robots, and biotechnology, but also cultural industries that require human creativity will lead. Among the cultural industries, the animation industry has high industrial utilization value due to its high connection with other industries. Among them, animation characters play the most important role as the subject leading the story of animation. In particular, the villain character not only serves as a medium for the main character to lead the story, but also captivates the audience with a different presence from the main character, adding to the fun and completeness of the animation. These characters consist of visual elements such as form and color, of which color is a tool that effectively conveys the character's personality and role to the audience, and is the first visual element to be considered in delicately describing the character's emotions and the relationship between characters. Therefore, this study attempts to analyze the color of the villain character. To this end, we will select eight Disney animations to derive the characteristics of the villain character's color by analyzing the color, value, chroma, and color association of the colors used in the Disney villain character. As a result of the analysis, the colors mainly used by Disney to convey the villain's image were red (R) and Orange (YR), and there was no difference depending on the times or animation production methods. Second, the brightness of Disney villain characters appeared to be the same medium/famous regardless of the times and production methods, and the frequency of use of high brightness was very low. In terms of saturation, the frequency of use of high and low saturation was high. Third, blackish (Bk), Strong (S), dull (Dl), and deep (Dp) tones were mainly used for tones. In particular, in recent 3D animations than previously produced 2D animations, the use of low chroma and the high black mixing rate increased. Fourth, it can be seen that Disney uses color as a visual method to more clearly express the psychology of the villain character using color association. In conclusion, the color selection of animation characters should be carefully considered as a tool to convey the character's personality, role, and emotion beyond simply using color, and the color selection of characters using color associations and symbols strengthens the narrative structure. It is hoped that this study will help analyze and select the character color of animation.

• 재활복지
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.233-246
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• 2017

The present study is a basic study for application of Augmented Reality (AR) to verb teaching for children with language developmental disorders and is intended to examine validity for the list of verbs at the beginning of development. To confirm the validity of the verbs list, the appropriateness of the verbs was evaluated by three professors with certification of KSLP (Korean Speech-Language Pathologist) working in the department of Speech-Language Pathology at the university. The motion validity test was conducted by showing motion implemented as AR to eight master's students in Speech-Language Pathology major, having them record verbs that came to their mind, and evaluating in the conformity. The second motion validity test was conducted by using 5-point Likert scales to 87 undergraduates in Speech-Language Pathology major and having them see the motions in AR and marked the degrees to which them see the motions conform to the relevant verbs on the scales. Using the SPSS 21.0 program, descriptive statics analyses of the results were conducted. Through this all process, thirty verbs were selected as having content validity. It could be seen that when AR based communication system are applied, things and backgrounds that complement the insufficient movements of motions and help motion recognition should be also provided. In future studies, the 3D images of the AR based communication system will be complemented and the content validity will be verified with typically developing children and the children with language developmental disorders.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.500-507
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• 2021

The virtual reality industry has an opportunity to take another leap forward with the surge in demand for non-face-to-face content and interest in the metaverse after Covid-19. Therefore, in order to popularize virtual reality content along with this trend, high-quality content production and storytelling research suitable for the characteristics of virtual reality should be continuously conducted. In order for content to which virtual reality characteristics are applied to be effectively produced through user feedback, a quantitative index that can evaluate the content is needed. In this study, the process of viewing virtual reality contents was analyzed and head movement was set as a quantitative indicator. Afterwards, the experimenter watched five animations and analyzed the correlation between recorded head movement information and immersion. As a result of the analysis, high immersion was shown when the head movement speed was relatively slow, and it was found that the head movement speed can be used significantly as an index indicating the degree of content immersion. The result derived in this way can be used as a quantitative indicator that can verify the validity of the storytelling method applied after the prototype is produced when the creator creates virtual reality content. This method can improve the quality of content by quickly identifying the problems of the proposed storytelling method and suggesting a better method. This study aims to contribute to the production of high-quality virtual reality content and the popularization of virtual reality content as a basic research to analyze immersion based on the quantitative indicator of head movement speed.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.215-237
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• 2020

This paper is written to introduce and review Shinji Matsunaga's The Aesthetics of Video Games which published in Japan in 2018. Shinji Matsunaga has studied video games from a philosophical and aesthetic perspective. In The Aesthetics of Video Games, he took video games as a hybrid form of traditional games. Shinji Matsunaga particularly notes that video games can design human behaviors and experiences. From this point of view, he tries to construct a theoretical framework that will be able to describe the ways of signification in games and fiction respectively. In previous studies, video games have been mainly discussed in the context of cultural studies and entertainment culture in Japan. The Aesthetics of Video Games is distinguished from the previous studies in the following points. First, The Aesthetics of Video Games pioneered the method of studying video games in art theory. Second, it established various types of relationships with video games and traditional aesthetic concepts. Third, this book connects new concepts that emerged in the age of artificial intelligence to video games as an aesthetic action. Through this work, not only video games were discussed academically, but also the fields of aesthetics and art were expanded. The Aesthetics of Video Game is like a collection of philosophical concepts for video games. Through this book, it can be said that the path for artificial intelligence to approach human secrets is closer than before.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.175-184
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• 2023

The elderly in rural areas are faced with the dilemma of poor community environment, weak social communication ability and insufficient pension knowledge reserve. In addition, due to the serious shortage of social security facilities in rural areas and medical resources, the elderly are struggling, and the suicide rate is far higher than that in urban areas. In order to make the elderly have a comfortable pension environment and face the increasingly serious aging problem with a positive attitude, this paper takes the community environment of the Baima Tibetan elderly in Tielou Township, Gansu Province as the research object of aging transformation. First of all, literature data were used to carry out research on the aging transformation in rural areas. On the basis of sorting out previous research topics, ERG theory was determined as the guide. Secondly, the research methods of on-site investigation, interview and other research methods are adopted to investigate the number of left-behind elderly people in this area, and classify them according to the national standards. At the same time, the image of the current situation of the community environment of the elderly. Finally, combined with the ERG theory, the transformation design of the elderly living environment is implemented, mainly from the three aspects of survival, mutual relationship and growth.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.95-124
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• 2021

As the symbolic images of girls besides its definition have varied according to the age and society, a posthuman girl character recently appears in the digital cinema. This study aims to analyze its cinematic representations and the social contexts in which they are created. For this purpose, the study focuses on what extent the society allows its imagined figurations as a future female body and the meanings revolving around the image of 'technologically body-enhanced female fighter'. Current digital visualization technology has developed to the extent any imaged future humans can be represented, but posthuman girls' representations have its limitation that only a human-like figuration can be allowed in accord with the traditionally idolized image of girls. It is because of the representation logic in which digital cinema is visualized based on perceptual realism that values audiences' experiences. Despite such less critical figuration which does not dare to cross the boundary between the image of human and inhuman, the posthuman girl characters create a new category of the 'dangerous girls' who are both void of sexual femininity and independent of motherhood and heterosexual romance narrative. Of course, they support the modern human-centered belief that humans can take entire control of technology with their moral behaviors and dispel the fear about the negative impact the nature of technology may have on society at large by showing their child-like figuration protecting ethical values. However, the new character of 'unruly girl' exerts her subversive act that seeks to fight against the human-centered liberal humanistic values and melancholic feeling and vulnerability that the neoliberalism and technocracy enforce. When posthuman girl characters are considered to be a marker through which we can see how different social forces are intervening and competing each other in the upcoming posthuman age, the limited figuration of the posthuman girl characters in South Korean movies illustrates the opinionated thoughts toward the instrumentalism in technology but their bloodshed struggles reveal how the corporate or state-governed techno-biopower has oppressively treated and appropriated the human body as the technology-object and also provide a meaningful opportunity to rethink its unethical violence.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.430-438
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• 2018

This study was conducted to develop and evaluate a web-based infection prevention education program for children, parents and teachers. Research for development of the web-based education program was completed in four phases (analysis, design, development, and evaluation) from 1 February 2015 to 5 October 2015, and the completed website was named CHILD4HEALTH (http://uwcms.pusan.ac.kr). Educational contents pertaining to infection prevention were composed of three sections, children, parents and teachers. Subjects were divided into nine categories, animation, children's dictionary, with mom, music, games, quizzes, educational contents for parents, educational contents for teachers, school newsletters, and handouts. Six characters were developed to increase interest and educational effect. Program evaluation items comprised the website, reliability, and satisfaction. Website evaluation by parents revealed that ease of use was $3.77{\pm}0.70$, entertainment value was $4.07{\pm}0.27$, childproof was $3.82{\pm}0.67$, education value was $4.02{\pm}0.75$, and design features were rated $3.65{\pm}0.53$. According to teachers, ease of use was $3.98{\pm}0.37$, entertainment value was $4.00{\pm}0.17$, childproof was $4.34{\pm}0.60$, education value was $4.00{\pm}0.20$, and design features were $3.81{\pm}0.56$. Parents scored reliability and satisfaction as $8.33{\pm}0.62$ and $7.80{\pm}0.77$, respectively, while they were scored as $8.50{\pm}0.73$ and $8.10{\pm}0.74$ by teachers. Based on the results of this study, the developed web-based education program will help prevent infectious disease and facilitate development of future education programs regarding such diseases.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.307-317
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• 2002

In this paper we propose a new mesh reconstruction scheme that produces a displaced subdivision surface directly from unorganized points. The displaced subdivision surface is a new mesh representation that defines a detailed mesh with a displacement map over a smooth domain surface, but original displaced subdivision surface algorithm needs an explicit polygonal mesh since it is not a mesh reconstruction algorithm but a mesh conversion (remeshing) algorithm. The main idea of our approach is that we sample surface detail from unorganized points without any topological information. For this, we predict a virtual triangular face from unorganized points for each sampling ray from a parameteric domain surface. Direct displaced subdivision surface reconstruction from unorganized points has much importance since the output of this algorithm has several important properties: It has compact mesh representation since most vertices can be represented by only a scalar value. Underlying structure of it is piecewise regular so it ran be easily transformed into a multiresolution mesh. Smoothness after mesh deformation is automatically preserved. We avoid time-consuming global energy optimization by employing the input data dependant mesh smoothing, so we can get a good quality displaced subdivision surface quickly.