• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.507-519
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• 2015

Along with the rapid diffusion of smart devices, smart learning has been taking place as a main pedagogy in education. Under these drastic changing circumstances, social presence and interaction between learners have been highlighted as key factors in educational research. In this light of rising importance, this study examined the effects of modality and smart device on users' perceived social presence and interaction experience in a smart learning environment. It conducted 2(text based interface vs. audio/video based interface) by 2(smartphone vs. tablet PC) between-subjects experiment. 80 participants were systematically recruited and randomly assigned to four conditions. The findings showed that social presence was higher in audio/video based interface condition than in text based interface condition. Modality also had a positive effect on learner's interaction experience. On the other hand, the effect of smart device is found to be statistically insignificant. Instead, interaction effect existed between modality and device on social presence. The result of this study suggests that the modality and characteristics of device should be considered seriously when designing interface of smart learning contents. The findings in this study provide future studies with heuristic implications by highlighting users' perceived cognition and experience.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.117-130
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the patterns and features of interaction in teacher interviewing with high school students' small group for biology learning. The interactions in variety between the students and between the students and the teacher were made as the interviews with each small group were repeated to feedback for biology learning. The patterns of interaction were categorized into four types by interactive level of interaction among group members and a teacher: leader representation without interaction among students and the teacher(LR, leader representation), interaction among a part of students and the teacher(PSI, partial students interaction), active interaction among students inside the group, but only interaction between the teacher and the leader student(SAI, students active interaction), and interaction between all of the students and the teacher(teacher-students active interaction). Even though complex patterns of interactions were made among the students at the initial stage of insufficient understanding on the study concept, the simple interaction processes were shown as students had gradually completed the understanding on the concept. It was displayed that the interaction in the small group for biology study provides the opportunity to confirm and understand the concept to the students who were poor at the understanding on the concept, and it can influence positively on the mutual creation of study concept.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2024

This study sought to investigate the effects of cooperative learning emphasizing interactions on science-gifted elementary students' scientific creativity. Thirty-four science-gifted elementary students were divided into an experimental class and a comparison class to compare their creativity scores quantitatively. The experimental class participated in cooperative learning emphasizing interactions, and the comparison class participated in whole class interactions. For qualitative analysis, the small group discussions were audiotaped and transcribed. The results of the study are as follows. First, cooperative learning emphasizing interactions had a positive educational effect on usefulness, which is one of the essential elements of scientific creativity. Second, as the cooperative learning progressed, the interaction between the small group members improved qualitatively. Third, the factors hindering the effectiveness of cooperative learning included negative task-unrelated statements from some of the small group members and the following operational statements to correct them. Based on these results, this study proposed some suggestions for effective cooperative learning emphasizing interactions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2001.04b
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• pp.1125-1128
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• 2001

교육이란 대부분 가르치고 배우는 사람간의 상호작용이며 또한 동료 학습자간의 상호작용에 기반을 두고 있다. 사이버 학습 환경하에서도 가르침과 배움은 교수-학습 매체에 의한 상호작용으로 이루어진다. 학습자는 교수자에 의한 직접적인 가르침이 아닌 교수자의 학습 컨텐츠와 여러 가지 상호작용적인 컨텐츠의 요소로 인해 교육이 이루어진다. 본 논문에서는 점차로 확산되고 있는 사이버 학습 환경하에서 이루어지는 교수-학습 컨텐츠의 개발에 대한 학습 질 관리를 위한 설계 방안에 대한 연구이다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.104-111
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• 2017

In this study, we analyzed verbal interactions in small group science learning using smart devices by the level of prior achievement. Four heterogeneous groups at a coed high school in Seoul participated. Verbal interactions during small group science learning were audio- and video-taped, transcribed, and analyzed. Verbal interactions were analyzed at the levels of a turn and an interaction unit. The results revealed that the frequencies of verbal interactions were high in task category, especially at information explanation, information question, and reflection on standards subcategories. Furthermore, the frequencies of high-level students at direction explanation, reflection on standards and progress subcategories were higher than those of low-level students, and the frequencies of low-level students at direction question and information explanation subcategories were higher than their counterpart. In the analyses of the interaction units, the frequencies in symmetric elaborated interaction were high, especially at cumulative and evaluative subcategories.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.557-566
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• 2022

This study analyzed paired middle school students' verbal and physical interactions in small group learning using augmented reality. Twelve 8th graders were paired to take classes of solubility and melting/boiling points based on augmented reality. These classes were videotaped and recorded. After the classes, all the students participated in a semi-structured interview. The results were analyzed in three sections; individual statement units of verbal interaction, interaction units of verbal interaction and physical interaction. In the individual statement units of verbal interaction, the proportion of information question/explanation was found to be high. In the interaction units of verbal interaction, the proportion of simple interaction was the highest, followed by elaborated interaction. Beneath the elaborate interaction, the proportion of cumulative interaction was found to be the highest, followed by reformative interaction. In the physical interaction, writing a worksheet and gazing at a virtual object were higher. On the basis of the results, effective ways to form a proper environment in small group learning using augmented reality are discussed.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.10A no.6
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• pp.709-714
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• 2003

It is important that the interaction between learners and contents in Educational Contents. But, there is just simple interaction in traditional WBI or CAI. As it is necessary to study for interaction with learners. There is applied more multimedia elements for the fun of learners. But, it is also necessary to study for Network Educational Game Contents which can give virtual environment to learn easily and funny. In this study, Competition Learning Model is designed for network learning environment. We can look at the new view point of Educational Contents by implementation of Network Educational Game Contents and Competition Learning Model.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.01a
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• pp.95-100
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• 2006

학습자와 교수자 사이의 상호작용은 학습의 중요한 성공요인이다. 실제 교실에서 이루어지는 수업에서 이러한 상호작용을 증가시키기 위해 리모콘을 활용하는 CPS 시스템을 도입하였다. 이러한 시스템이 어떠한 상호작용을 증가시킬 수 있을지 확인하고 더 많은 상호작용을 일으켜 학습 목표를 달성한 수 있도록 하기 위한 최적의 수업 모형을 개발하였다. 기존의 수업과 달리 CPS 시스템을 활용한 수업에서 사라져야 할 점들이 무엇인지에 대해 살펴보고 이 시스템을 도입했을 때 얻을 수 있는 효과와 좀 더 개선해야 한 문제점들이 무엇인가에 대해 논의해 보도록 한다.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.08a
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• pp.341-348
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• 2005

본 연구는 상호작용에 대한 제 이론을 고찰하고 상호작용 증진을 위한 여러 가지 요소를 고려하여 웹 기반 학습 환경 설계 전략을 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 지식 정보화 사회에 들어오면서 여러 가지 통신 환경이 급속하게 발달하였다. 학교 현장에서 이러한 여러 가지 인터넷 환경을 고려한 수업이 설계되고 실시되고 있다. 학교 현장에서 실시되고 있는 이러한 적용에서 상호작용에 대한 고찰이 미흡하고 상호작용을 고려한 여러 가지 시스템이 구현된 것이 드문 것 같다. 이에 본 연구에서는 웹 기반 학습 환경에서 가능한 다양한 상호 작용에 대한 개념 및 상호작용의 내용에 따른 유형을 알아보고 상호작용을 증진시키기 위한 설계 전략을 고찰해 보았다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2022.07a
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• pp.723-724
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• 2022

지난 코로나 상황 동안 비대면 수업을 진행했고, 학생들은 빠르게 적응했다. 온라인 수업은 학습자가 이해될 때까지 반복 학습이 가능하고, 시간과 공간의 제약 없이 자기 주도적으로 학습할 수 있다는 장점이 있지만, 온라인상이라는 특징 때문에 교수자와 학습자 간 상호작용이 부족하다는 한계점이 존재한다. 하지만 이점은 차후에 비대면 수업의 지속적인 활용 및 확대를 제한하는 요인이 될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 상호작용을 높일 수 있는 웹 기반 에듀테크 시스템을 제안한다. 온라인 수업의 강의 영상을 세부적인 내용을 나누는 Section을 통해 다른 학생들이 질문했던 Q&A 데이터를 모아서 생성된 Section-FAQ를 열람할 수 있고, 그 Q&A에 반응해서 상호작용이 가능하다. 또한 교수자에게 Q&A를 보낼 때 영상의 Section 정보와 강의시간 정보를 같이 전송하여 강의 영상을 확인하지 않고, 빠른 답변이 가능하도록 설계했다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 온라인 수업의 상호작용 향상을 위한 웹 기반 에듀테크 시스템을 통해 온라인상에서 교수자의 역할을 대신해주고 비대면 수업의 단점을 해소해주면서, 교수자과 학습자 간의 상호작용을 높여 수업의 이해도를 높이고 학습자들의 학업성취를 높일 수 있을 것이다.