• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.293-298
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• 2012

Purpose: We compared static retinoscopy in eyes opened with cycloplegic refraction depending on the hyperopia for school-aged children. Methods: There were 59 eyes (30 patients) who were divided into 3 groups - the mild hyperopia (+0.25 D ~ +1.00 D), moderate hyperopia (+1.25 D ~ +2.00 D) and high hyperopia (+2.25 D or more). They all had 0.8 visual acuity or more. Autorefraction and retinoscopy were performed prior to cycloplegic refraction, and then copmared with manifest refraction and cycloplegic refraction. Results: Hyperopia measured with static retinoscopy tends to be measured higher than manifest refraction for school-aged children. Changes of spherical power was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Changes of astigmatism was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The difference between cycloplegic refraction and static retinoscopy was not significant for hyperopic school-aged children. The use of retinoscopy was limited for opticians because of legal constraints. The usage of static retinoscopy in eyes opened for optician should be generalized under the conditions not using the cycloplegic.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1-26
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• 2018

This study examines 17 ex-offenders' wives who is receiving housing support from the Korea Rehabilitation Agency to understood the difficulties child-rearing experiences with the grounded theory. Based upon the research outcomes, supporting that needs for prisoners' wives who feel a huge burden on taking care of infants and preschool children by themselves was discussed. The prisoners' wives with children at school age and initial/middle adolescent need to get strong support due to not only the shock about husbands in prison but also the burden and stress that should follow the role as parents of students. Those late adolescent/adulthood who were supposed to follow their dreams, were required for their financial and emotional sacrifice. Result indicates children need to get support to form the right identity, not to get exhausted or shrink from being stigmatized and prejudiced as children of released prisoners.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 2022

This study attempted to analyze the consonant perception ability and errors and to verify compatibility items for hearing impaired children wearing hearing aids and cochlear implants using the Phoneme Perception Test for School-Aged children (PPT-S). As a result of the study, it was found that children with hearing impairments have more difficulty in perceiving final consonants than initial consonants. The hard type of PPT-S, in which the articulation method and articulation place of the target and foil words are similar, felt more difficult than the easy type. Among the initial consonants, the incorrect response rate for aspiration sound was higher. In the case of final consonants, the incorrect answer rate for 'ㄷ' and 'ㅁ' was relatively higher. There was no significant difference in the percentage of correct response rate according to the gender of the speaker. The above results can be usefully used as basic data for standardizing of PPT-S and evaluating the intervention effects before and after hearing rehabilitation with hearing impaired children.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2022

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in somato-sensory and occupational performance of individually tailored sensory integration interventions for school-age children with somatodyspraxia. Methods : A single subject study with an AB design was conducted the total sessions were 11 sessions, consisting of 3 baseline sessions and 8 intervention sessions. To compare the effects before and after the intervention, the intervention was measured by dividing it into Performance Area (PA) and Performance Factor (PF), and after each intervention session, the Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) was implemented. Results : The children participating in this study showed overall improvement in PA and PF after the intervention, and after each session, it was confirmed that the GAS increased when measuring the target activities (Supine Flexion Posture; SFP, Walking by Arms; WA, Stand on Balance Ball; SBB). Conclusion : This study provided evidence that sensory integration has a positive effect on performing target activities (SFP, WA, SBB) and improving relationships with peers in children with somatodyspraxia.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.54
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• pp.149-176
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to examine the degree of community integration of visually impaired people who have the limitation of mobility in comparison with another disabled and to find factors affecting community integration. The data were obtained through telephone interview with visually impaired people. The final sample was consisted of 1,004 respondents. The data were analyzed using statistical techniques such as crosstabulation, t-test, and hierarchical regression. In this study, the factors affecting community integration was divided into four dimensions : the attribution to disability, physical functioning, psychology and social support system. The major findings of this study were as follows: First, the factors affecting community integration of visually impaired people were age, education, economic status, social support, information support and participation of rehabilitation service. Second, the factors affecting community integration of the low vision and the blind are the limitation of daily activities and social support. But the factors affecting community integration of the blind are participation of education for braille and that of the low vision are information support and participation of rehabilitation service. Finally, the person losing eyesight since school age were the more limitation of daily activities than the person losing eyesight in babyhood. The factors affect community integration of the former are social support, information support, participation of education for braille, and rehabilitation service. The current findings suggest that intervention and policy aimed at improving social support system and formal services such as education, rehabilitation services should be considered by rehabilitation professionals and policy makers.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.25-38
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to examine developmental trends in script-based organization strategy and relative influences of age, use of organizational strategy and category typicality of lists on children's recall. The subjects were 120 infant children, -40 four years old, 40 five years old, 40 six years old. All subjects were received 1 of 2 slot-filler lists of items differing in category representativness. Data were analysed by two-way Anova, Duncan's post-hoc test and Multiple Regression analysis. The major findings were as follows. 1. Recall and use of organizational strategy were increased with age. 2. At each age level, children showed high level of recall and organization strategy for category typical than category atypical. 3. Children's age, use of organizational strategy and category typicality of list significantly predicted children's recall. 42% of the variance of children's recall was explained by three variables. The relative influence of age to the prediction of children's recall was the strongest.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.52-67
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• 1991

The purpose of the present study was to investigate children's interpersonal problem solving strategies. Specifically, the number and categories of interpersonal problem solving strategies were examined by age, sex, and source of problem (friends or mother). The subjects were eighty 4,-and 6-year-old boys and girls. The instrument was based on Shure and Spivack's (1974) Preschool Interpersonal Problem Solving (PIPS) test. The test was administered to the children individually in the preschool setting. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA, frequency, percentage, and Kendall's Tau. The results showed that the older children had higher PIPS scores; that is, the 6-year-olds suggested more alternative problem solving strategies than 4-year-olds. Children suggested more alternate strategies and different strategies for solving problems with friends compared to solving problems with mothers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.298-305
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the eating habits and social behavior of preschool children. Six hundred twenty seven children ranging in age from 4 to 7 and their mothers were asked to complete a questionnaire assessing the children's eating habits and kindergarten teachers were asked to rate the social behavior of their preschool children. The eating habits of children positively correlated to those of their mothers, primarily in meal regularity, breakfast frequency, unbalanced meals, overeating, eating delivery food and food preferences. The results showed that 33% of preschool children always had unbalanced meals and 50% sometimes had them. Children who had ice cream, cake, carbonated drinks or cookies as snacks more often, tend to have meals irregularly because they favored sweets and were possibly induced to have unbalanced meals. Sixty five percent of the children were graded as good in terms of having healthy eating habits and had good social behavior. The results indicate that the eating habits of children are related to problem behavior, especially social withdrawal and anxiety. That is, children who have undesirable eating habits are likely to be anxious or socially withdrawn.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.379-387
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a psychomotorik program on the self concept, sociability and aggression in preschoolers. Method: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. There were 34 subjects in the experimental group and 34 in control group among 68 preschoolers in a nursery in the city of G. The experimental group received an 12 weeks psychomotorik. The out come variables were measured before and after the program. Collected data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test, t-test, $X^2$. test, repeated measures ANOVA & ANCOVA using the SPSS 15.0 program. Result: After psychomotorik program, self concept, sociability were increased and aggression decreased in the experimental group. Conclusion: Psychomotorik program was effective in increasing self concept and sociability and decreasing aggression. The program should be effective in psychological development of preshoolers.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.71-79
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between preschoolers'theory of mind and parenting style. The mothers of 66 3- and 4-year-olds were given questionnaires eliciting information about parenting style, SES, number of younger and older siblings, the time child spends with mother. Three variables were positively correlated with theory of mind: age, number of older siblings, and affective parenting style. The time spent with mother was negatively correlated with theory of mind. Factors most strongly affecting theory of mind were child's age and mother's affective parenting style. The resets are consistent with recent research showing that parenting style may be important for theory of mind understanding.