• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2019

The impregnation of solid foods into the surrounding hypotonic or hypertonic solution was explored as a method to infuse NaCl in pork loin cube without altering its matrix. Mass transfer kinetics using a diffusive model as the mathematical model for moisture gain/loss and salt gain and the resulting textural properties were studied for the surrounding solutions of NaCl 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 15% (w/w). It was possible to access the effects of brine concentration on the direction of the resulting water flow, quantify water and salt transfer, and confirm tenderization effect by salt infusion. For brine concentrations up to 10% it was verified that meat samples gained water, while for processes with 15% concentration, pork loin cubes lost water. The effective diffusion coefficients of salt ranged from 2.43×10^-9 to 3.53×10^-9 m²/s, while for the values of water ranged from 1.22×10^-9 to 1.88×10^-9 m²/s. The diffusive model was able to represent well salt gain rates using a single parameter, i.e. an effective diffusion coefficient of salt through the meat. However, it was not possible to find a characteristic effective diffusion coefficient for water transfer. Within the range of experimental conditions studied, salt-impregnated samples by 5% (w/w) brine were shown with minimum hardness, chewiness and shear force.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.39
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• pp.180-209
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• 1999

As a pioneering study on wife rape, this study focuses on identifying the prevalence, the correlates of the individual social class and domestic violence background, and the perception of wife rape. This study uses the data based on the survey 224 married men and women who reside in Daegu, Korea. The result of this study shows that about 42.4% married men have experienced any type of wife rape. The most prevalent wife rape is force only wife rape(36.4%). Battering rape(12.1%) and sadistic rape(10.4%) are also found as significant coercive sexual issue among Korean couples. Monthly income and child abuse experience are found as significant predictors for the wife rape of married men. In addition, wife's religious enthusiasm is also negatively correlated with wife rape propensity, although the effect is not strong. The living standards is found as a strong correlate of women's propensity of being raped from their husbands. Thus, our practical attention should be given to those who have financial difficulties in low economic status, and to those who have significant child abuse experience, in order to prevent wife rape. Overall, married men and married women show pretty negative perceptions of wife rape, however, some of them are still positive of it. It is interesting that married men show a very defensive attitude against the proposal of establishing legal punishment for the people who commit wife rape. According to the gender, there is a considerable difference between men and women in terms of both the degree of acceptance of, and the demand for legal punishment of wife rape. It is problematic that the married women with a greater experience of being raped by husbands show far greater tolerance of wife rape than those with a less experience of it. These findings give us significant practical implications for social work intervention.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.652-662
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate nursing students' experiences with violence, as well as their responses and behaviors subsequent to being subjected to violence. A descriptive survey was conducted and data were collected from April 30 to July 6, 2012. Responses were obtained from the 290 nursing students studying at six universities in four cities using self-administered questionnaires. About 91% of the students were subjected to violence. Verbal violence (85.2%) was the most frequently encountered type of violence, followed by physical threats (74.8%), sexual violence (41.0%), and physical violence (26.2%). Participants were abused by patients or patients' family members, as well as clinical staff, such as nurses and doctors. After the nursing students were exposed to violence, they responded more negatively to psychological aspects than to biophysical or social aspects. Most students did "not react to the person inflicting violence and continued clinical practice" (51.7%), and this response was cited by students as their most frequently used method of coping (79.5%) after violent confrontations. Strategies should be taken to prevent the violence inflicted upon nursing students in clinical settings, and nursing students should be provided with information related to communication and methods to cope with violence during their education.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.58
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• pp.1-45
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between family of origin and youth transitioning from out-of-home care. Data were collected from six youths transitioning from out-of-home care and were analyzed using the phenomenological approach. The results of this study were as follows. Four categories and twelve subcategories were drawn from the meaning units. The four categories were 'chaos in separation', 're-established relations but with distance', 'completely ended relationships with the family of origin', and 'redrawing family boundaries'. First, the participants who were separated from their parents due to poverty or divorce reunited with their parents, and they appeared to continue their relationships with the family of origin after transitioning from out-of-home care. The youth were receiving various forms of support from their parents in order to be independent, and they were experiencing stable independence through this support. Second, the participants who were separated from their parents due to serious child abuse or parental death had broken relationships with their parents. The youth were independent and relied on new alternative relationships that were not with the family of origin, but they experienced somewhat unstable self-reliance. In short, participants' relationships with families of origin in this study can be defined as a tight rope between love and hate. Based on these results, child welfare practice and policy implications were discussed to help out-of-home care youth's relationship with their family of origin.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2007

Pain is subjective and greatly influenced by prior experiences, but it is real. Pain associated with an organic(objective) pathology is more easily explained and treated. However, atypical or unexplainable pain is usually a source of greater confusion and frustration. Pain may be divided into four general diagnostic categories. 1) pain with anatomic features and objective findings 2) pain with anatomic features and without objective findings 3) pain with non-anatomic features associated with stress and somatization 4) pain with non-anatomic features associated with perceived physical injury. There is a well-established relationship between emotional, physical and/or sexual abuse history and development of chronic pain. It has been suggested that the link between somatization and abuse involves a paradoxical pattern of hiding feelings and reality, while seeking acknowledgment of suffering. History of abuse may physiologically and developmentally increase a person's susceptability to pain and organic changes can be associated with psychogenic disease. Patients with chronic pain should be treated with multidisciplinary approaches including exercise, meditation, cognitive therapy, medications, and biofeedback. Cognitive therapy alters patient's cognition and management of pain and alleviates pain, especially associated with stress. Antidepressants are the most commonly used medications and pain control effects have no relation with mood changes. Biofeedback with relaxation training, exercise and meditation may also be effective in pain control.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.467-491
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine relationship between social strains such as status strains and relational strains and adolescent suicidality by gender. As method, a self-report survey was completed by students (n = 819) from 3 middle schools in Seodaemun area, Seoul, Korea. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with adolescent suicidality, t-test analyses were used to verify gender difference. Results show that male adolescents are more likely to experience abuse from their father, and school violence related to relational strains than female. Differences were found in strains for males and females contributing to suicidality; male are responsive to economic status, a dimension of status strain, whereas female are reactive to non-physical abuse from father, a type of relational strains. Non-physical school violence was appeared to be a significant factor influencing suicidality for both genders. Based on these findings, research draws implications for social work interventions. First, different approaches by gender are needed to prevent adolescent suicide in consideration of the tendency that men are status-oriented and women are relationship-oriented. Second, it is suggested to hire full-time school social worker to provide consistent social service for students. Third, intensive effort is necessary to reduce non-physical school violence.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.1213-1223
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to explore and describe the health and welfare needs experienced by old parents living with disabled adult children, and to help generate research interest and public policy attention on this critical issue. For the purpose of this study, the survey was conducted with older parents who are living with dependent adult children with physical or mental disability. Among collected data for this study, data for 105 older parents were analyzed. The results showed that older parents have suffered with care responsibilities for their disabled adult children as well as special needs resulted from their old age. And older parents have little or even nothing prepared for later life because of lifetime economic, physical and social difficulties related to their disabled children. Also these difficulties had a significant impact on their idea of health and welfare needs in later life. It showed that older parents had mainly concerned and wanted to have the direct cash benefits and medical provisions but hardly recognised the importance of other services such as leisure activities. Preliminary suggestions of this study therefore may be helpful to improve the public policy approach in order to better serve older parents with disabled adult children in the coming aging society.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.765-775
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate factors that affect the suicidal ideation of the people with mental disabilities. To this end, the independent variables were analyzed by categorizing them into individual psychological factors, social factors, and demographic characteristics. The analysis data include 969 people with mental disabilities who participated in the 2017 Ministry of Health and Welfare's Research, 'Survey on the Current Status of Mental Disabilities in Community'. The analysis method was frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis with SPSS 23.0. As a result of the study, in terms of individual psychological factors, the higher the depression and the lower the mental health confidence, the more suicidal ideation increase. In terms of social factors, the more unregistered disabled groups, the more exposure to violence and discrimination, and the more they live in large cities, the higher their ideation of suicidal. The regression model explained 26.9% of suicidal ideation. The practical and policy implications for the prevention of suicide of the people with mental disabilities based on these results are as follows: First, social factors should be evaluated and considered together, rather than focusing only on individual psychological factors, in seeking policies and intervention programs that reduce suicidal ideation in the people with mental disabilities. Second, in seeking suicide prevention policies for the people with mental disabilities, Protection & Advocacy services should be provided to reduce violence and discrimination experiences. Third, in order to reduce the suicidal ideation of the people with mental disabilities, the mental disability registration system should be reorganized, and policy alternatives should be devised so that those experiencing mental distress can be included into the system.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.68
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• pp.41-76
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• 2021

This paper begins with the question of whether "on-tact" Christian education, which has become the most new-normal phenomenon since Corona 19, will remain as a decisive form of Christian education even in the post-Corona era. In order to answer that question, this study explored whether on-tact Christian education has its own domain of experience and educational elements that cannot be replaced by face-to-face education, specifically focusing on "types of on-tact Christian Education", "discussion of digital church" and "digital epistemology". Through research on "types of onn-tact Christian education," it confirmed that, when viewed on the basis of 'participation' or 'communication', on-tact Christian education has an independent field of experience and educational elements. Through contemplation on "digital ecclesiology", it found that on-tact education is the decisive channel for Christian education to reach digital generation. It also found a new metaphor from the "network" concept for the public church and the Kingdom of God. This paper also found that we experience the perception of the body that is expanded through the combination between the body and technology in the digital world, and that this is a unique epistemology that occurs only in the digital world. Based on the above points, it affirmed that on-tact Christian education is not simply a means of supplementing face-to-face education in the era of COVID-19, but is a Christian education that has an independent field of experience and educational power that face-to-face education cannot replace. Thus it foresees that on-tact Christian education will continue to expand as a center and form of Christian education even in the post-corona era.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.73
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• pp.93-115
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to explore implications for intergenerational Christian education in Korean churches and families that struggle with "generational fragmentations" focusing on the conception of reciprocity and participation. For the faith community in Korea, "generational fragmentations" does not merely mean communication gaps or the disconnection between generations but also the absence of reciprocity and communal participation as a genuine intergenerational community of faith. With this phenomenon in mind, this study explores the concept of "intergenerationality" in education, focusing on reciprocity and participation. Next, this study examines the concepts of reciprocity and participation found in John Dewey's seminal works, Democracy and Education and Experience and Education based on his ideas of democracy and experience in relation to intergenerational Christian education for the Korean church and families. The present paper then attempts to find implications for intergenerational Christian education in the Korean church and family, showing the importance of an intergenerational community of faith with reciprocity and communal participation, and communal spiritual journey with children and adults.