• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.39-49
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• 2008

A study was carried out on the physico-chemical properties of soil and content of heavy metals and benzo(a)pyrene that might have been introduced through by-product fertilizers or air pollution to growing turfgrass at natural turfgrass playgrounds in elementary schools located at the western coast and eastern mountain areas in Jeollabuk-do, Korea. The soil of turfgrass playgrounds is composed of loamy sand, and the CEC and organic matters were very low. Compared to agricultural land in Korea, the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were very low, requiring control in terms of nutrients. The contents of total and fraction heavy metals in soil were found to be background level. The reason may lie in the fact that unpolluted sand soil or sand was used to construct the foundation for the natural grass playground in the first place. However, any change in oxidation-reduction conditions or acceleration of decomposition of organic compounds may release some heavy metals from the soil and be transformed into forms that may be easily absorbed by plants or grass. It is believed that sustained monitoring and environment impact assessments should be carried out. The contents of benzo(a)pyrene in soil showed an average 0.60ng/g with a range between 0.06 to 1.47ng/g. The detected contents were found as background level.

• Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society
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• v.59 no.11
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• pp.1097-1102
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• 2018

Purpose: To report a case of toxic optic neuropathy caused by chlorfenapyr ingestion accompanied by central nervous system involvement. Case summary: A 44-year-old female visited our clinic complaining of reduced visual acuity in both eyes for 7 days. She had ingested a mouthful of chlorfenapyr for a suicide attempt 2 weeks prior to the visit. Gastric lavage was performed immediately after ingestion at the other hospital. Her best-corrected visual acuity was finger count 30 cm in the right eye and hand motion in the left eye. Both pupils were dilated by 5.0 mm and the response to light was sluggish in both eyes. A relative afferent pupillary defect was detected in her left eye. Funduscopy revealed optic disc swelling in both eyes. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a symmetric hyper-intense signal in the white matter tract including the internal capsule, corpus callosum, middle cerebellar peduncle, and brainstem. The patient was diagnosed with toxic optic neuropathy induced by chlorfenapyr ingestion, and underwent high-dose intravenous corticosteroid pulse therapy. Three days later, the best-corrected visual acuity was no light perception in both eyes. Three months later, optic atrophy was observed in both eyes. Optical coherence tomography revealed a reduction in the thicknesses of the retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer in the macular area. Conclusions: Ingestion of even a small amount of chlorfenapyr can cause severe optic nerve damage through the latent period, despite prompt lavage and high-dose steroid treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.31-40
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• 2014

The importance of green spaces in the city is growing each day. Local governments are taking charge of park development works that are having difficulty in developing and managing urban parks due to high land value as well as a shortage in finances. This is even though an urban park is defined as an urban planning facility and the law provides park area per person. Civil residents, meanwhile, are using not only urban parks provided by law but also other green areas such as rivers, reservoirs, and school playgrounds because they recognize urban green areas by the concept of use. In this study, accordingly, urban green areas were sorted into two types, urban parks, parks provided by law, and other green areas, and the difference in use pattern and use satisfaction by type was analyzed. As a result of analysis, there was no remarkable difference between the two types. According to such results, it was found that it is necessary to include other green areas, such as rivers, reservoirs, school green areas, and apartment green areas in addition to the current park green areas provided by law when park area per person is calculated, and such calculation of urban green areas reflecting local characteristics can reduce local governments' financial burden and improve the effectiveness of future urban park policies. It is judged that such results can become a plan against the cancellation of unexecuted urban facilities. The fact that accessibility factors, such as road satisfaction, access convenience, and convenient movement, are affecting satisfaction with the use of urban parks suggests that it is important to improve urban park accessibilities rather than to quantitatively expand park area in order to improve satisfaction with urban parks. Considering that people travel to urban green areas mostly by walking, it is necessary for access convenience to conduct follow-up studies such as barrier-free and securing walking stability through analysis of routes to urban green areas.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.89-93
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• 1990

60 Attention-deficit hyperactive patients treated with stimulant drugs such as methylphenidate and pemoline were evaluated in regards to the therapeutic benefit and side effects of these drugs. The results were as follows : 1) Of the 60 subjects 34 showed considerable imporvement and only 8 showed little or no improvement. 2) Hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity were improved markedly by stimulants These behavioral changes were accompanied by improved performance in classroom. 3) School age children tended to show more improvement than preschool children or adolescence. 4) Of the 60 subjects 25 showed no side effect and only 6 showed severe side effects, and common side effects were decreased appetite, insomnia and irritability or nervousness. It is the author's impression that despite of the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs when they were administered on a short-term basis, long-term outcome dose not seem to be altered by the administration of these agents.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.109-114
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• 1996

A study was conducted to evaluate isolation rate and distribution of mating type of M.gypseum complex Arthroderma(A.) gypsea and A.incurvata. Seventeen(17) strains were isolated from children patients and sixty(60) strains were from elementary school playgrounds, flower beds, and childrens playgrounds in Taegu area. The strains were crossed with test strains of A.gypsea and A. incurvata which were provided by Tokyo university. The results were summarized as follows; Of seventeen(17) strains, thirteen(13) were isolated from male children and ten(10) were A.incurvata and three(3) A.gypsea, and four(4) were from female children and all iou, strains were A.incurvata. Face(Tinea facial) was more frequently affected to compare with other clinical type. Of seventeen(17) strains isolated from patients, six(6) were A.incurvata "+" type and eight (8) were "-" type, and two(2) were A.gypsea "+" type and one(1) was "-" type. Of sixty (60) strains isolated from soil, sixteen (16) were A.gypsea "+" type and fifteen(15) were"-" type. and fifteen(15) were A. incurvata "+" type and fourteen(14) were "-" type.) were A. incurvata "+" type and fourteen(14) were "-" type. &"-&" type.t; type.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.241-250
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• 2007

A study was carried out on the level of heavy metals, total coliform and benzo(a)pyrene that may be introduced through by-product fertilizers or air pollution to turfgrass in natural turfgrass playground in elementary schools around the western coast and eastern mountain areas in Jeollabuk-do, Korea. The level of heavy metals found in turfgrass was in the order of Cu > Zn > Pb > Cd. The majority of heavy metals was found in the roots. It is presumed that the absorption of some air pollutants and by-product fertilizers or chemical fertilizers. The level of benzo(a)pyrene showed an average of 0.05ng/g with a range between 0.02 to 0.08ng/g in the leaves. In the meantime, none was detected in the stems, while the average for roots was 0.02ng/g with a range between 0.01 and 0.03ng/g. The level detected is that found background level, however, benzo(a)pyrene can be introduced partly from the unstable combustion of fossil fuel or through vehicle emissions. Total coliform distributed in grass showed an average of 12MPN/100ml with a range between 2 and 36MPN/100ml. The density of total coliform displayed no regional predominance. However, in some urban areas, the density was slightly higher. The feces of pets or by-product fertilizers may have contributed to the input of pathogenic micro-organism. Yet the level was found to be negligible.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.48-53
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• 2014

In this study, we would evaluate fire risk by domestic standard for artificial turf installed on field and roofs. Today domestic regulation for artificial turf only applies to outdoor uses and especially KS M 3888-1 has compulsion but limited to school athletic facilities. Indoor regulation complying with National Emergency Management Agency (No. 2012-35) was enacted as recommendations. Thus this study did combustion test of artificial turf installed on field. Analyzed result by 45 degree flammability test, standard was inadequate to judge the fire risk so we compared and analysed its characteristic through combustion test of flame retardant finishing carpet used as flooring. Test and assessment result of its ignitionability by 45 degree flammability test showed that carpet was satisfied with flame retardant finishing performance standard contrary to artificial turf. For this reason, by conducting cone calorimeter test, the combustion property after ignition would be analyzed and evaluated and then this study will suggest a countermeasure for strengthening standard.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.501-501
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• 2022

2014년 개정된 물의 재이용 촉진 및 지원에 관한법률(이하, 물재이용법)에 따라서 빗물이용시설의 수는 꾸준히 증가하고 있는 추세이나 실제 연간사용량의 경우 연별 증가량은 미미하다. 또한 2016년도 환경부 하수도 통계에 따른 2,043개의 빗물이용시설 중 집수면적 미파악시설의 749개, 여과시설 유무 미파악시설 564개, 연간 운영비 산출 불가능 시설 1,843개, 연강 사용량 미집계 시설 905개로 관리실태가 부실함을 확인할 수 있다. 이에 빗물이용시설의 설치·운영 실태조사 및 문제점을 분석하고 빗물이용이 비교적 활성화 된 시설을 대상은 현장조사를 수행을 통해 빗물이용시설의 현황을 분석하고 현실적인 여건을 반영하여 빗물이용을 활성화할 수 있는 방안을 마련하고자 하였다. 물재이용법에 따른 빗물이용시설 법정의무대상시설의 빗물활용처는 전체의 약 92%가 조경요수로 활용하고 있으며, 다음으로 청소화장실용수(약 3%)로 활용하고 있다. 건축물 용도에 따라서 골프장, 공공기관청사/공공업무시설, 대규모점포, 실내체육관/종합운동장, 학교의 경우 건축물 용도별로 각 30% 정도가, 공동주택의 경우 약 60%가 빗물이용시설을 활용하고 있음에도 빗물을 사용하지 았는 것으로 파악되었다. 이는 빗물을 사용해야하는 시기에 저류조에 저류된 빗물의 양이 부족한 것과 운영비 부담 순으로 조사되었다. 따라서 빗물이용시설의 빗물이용활성화를 위해서는 물수요-공급에 대한 개념을 도입한 물수지 분석이 필요하며, 운영비 부담을 줄일 수 있는 다양한 방안을 탐색하는 것이 적절할 것이다. 현장조사 결과에서도 기술 등의 발달로 빗물이용시설은 잘 구축되고 있으나 활용처에서 필요한 필요수량에 따라 활용률이 상이한 것으로 조사되었다. 이러한 실태조사 및 현장조사를 바탕으로 빗물이용시설의 빗물이용 활성화를 위한 방안에 대하여 기술적 및 제도적 방안에 대해서 제안하였다.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.68-73
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• 2003

This study performed from 2002 October to 2003 April. The samples were taken at 66 sites, divided into the 6 sections functionally in the southern part of Seoul such as Yangchon-gu, Kangseo-gu, Kuro-gu, Yeongdengpo-gu, Kwanak-gu, Dongjak-gu, Seocho-gu, Kangnam-gu, Songpa-gu, and Kangdong-gu. The result of research showed that each property soil was pH 4.7∼9.5, Cd; 0.391 mg/kg (0.011∼l.081 mg/kg). Cu; 12.35 mg/kg (0.061∼73.62 mg/kg), Pb; 13.04 mg/kg (N.D.∼61.85 mg/kg), Hg; 0.0866 mg/kg (N.D.∼1.353 mg/kg), F; 206.8 mg/kg(47.1∼561.1mg/kg). The minimum and maximum of the concentration with functional soils were Cd; 0.632 mg/kg for multi-purposed soil,0.079 mg/kg for schools, Cu; 21.35 mg/kg for roadside, 2.159 mg/kg for schools, Pb; 24.70 mg/kg for roadside, 1.030 mg/kg for schools, Hg; 0.1780 mg/kg for multi purposed, 0.0087 mg/kg for schools. Especially F was the high concentration at the hills. Also the concentration of Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg and F at school Zone was detected such as low. area of schools area was detected the low concentrations as the items of Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, and F. The average concentrations of metals and fluorine in the survey area were below the Preliminary Standard of the Soil Preservation Acts in Korea. To evaluate the soil quality of these area showed as a good qualified results. The results of SQPI (Soil Quality Pollution Index the qualified results as much as 86.4%.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.430-445
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to explore the learning effects in elementary school students who participated in a geological field trip conducted under the theme 'minerals and rocks', focusing on novelty space. A total of 10 sixth-grade students participated in this program held at a public elementary school in Seoul as part of after-school club activities. Students observed mineral and rock samples in a classroom and outdoor learning environment. The authors collected activity papers (texts, drawing), researchers' participation notes, video and audio recordings containing the study participants' activities, and post-interview data To analyze the learning effects in the cognitive domain of students, the observation analysis framework for rock classification of Remmen and Frøyland (2020) and the rock description analysis framework of Oh (2020) were used. Additionally, to explore the learning effects of psychological and geographic areas, students' drawings, texts, discourses, and interview data were inductively analyzed. The results showed that the students demonstrated 'everyday' and 'transitional' observations in the classroom learning environment, while in the outdoor learning environment (school playground, community-based activities), they demonstrated 'transitional' and 'scientific' observations. Moreover, as the scientific observation stage progressed, more types of descriptive words for rocks were used. In terms of psychological and geographic aspects, students showed their selection of places to explore familiar outdoor learning environments, positive perceptions of outdoor learning, and aesthetic appreciation. Finally, this study not only discussed novelty space as a tool for analyzing students' learning effects but also suggested the need for an academic approach considering new learning environments, such as learning through virtual field trips.