• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.37
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• pp.357-379
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• 1999

In recent years, the subject of peer rejection in school settings has received increased attention in the massmedia and counseling literature. This study focused on the effect of individual and environmental factors on peer rejection. Dependent variable was the number of perpetrating peer rejection and independent variables were psychological, behavioral, familial factors, exposure of peer rejection and perception about school policies. Ordered Probit model was employed because of the nature of limited dependent variable. The data were collected from 714 middle-school student in Seoul. Major findings were as follows. First of all, the adolescents who has aggression and problematic behaviors in school were more likely to participate in peer rejection. Second, negative parent-children relationships and the family structure didn't have significant effects on peer rejection. And there were not a significant effect of attitude toward academic value and academic achievement on peer rejection. Third, environmental risk factors such as negative peer relationship and the exposure to rejection had a significant increasing effect on peer rejection. But consistent school policies didn't have a significant effect. In conclusion, this study confirmed that peer rejection in school settings was affected by school environment such as negative-peer relationship, and exposure to rejection. Therefore, comprehesive and systematic intervention programs should be required to ensure that all the pupils at school have a right to learn in a safe and fear-free environment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.78-86
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• 2011

The recovering of historical mountain fortress needs the maintenance of forest scape for achieving visibility. In the study, the methods for the maintenance of the forest around the fortress were proposed. The Cumulative Visibility Analysis and Multiple Sight Surface Analysis were tested to verify the methods using GIS on the Myeong-hwal Fortress in Kyungju. The results of the study are as follows. First, the Cumulative Visibility Analysis was made on the Myeong-hwal Fortress from surrounding major viewpoints. The Cumulative Visibility Analysis enables the selection of excellent visibility sectors on the fortress. The 6 excellent visibility sectors were 1,937m(which occupied 41.2% of the area). Second, two cases of pine tree height were compared in the Cumulative Visibility Analysis. One used the average height of pines and the other used the maximum growth height. The comparative result demonstrated that the case of average height would be more effective for deciding the pine removal zone as well as achieving visibility to the mountain fortress. Third, to examine the feasibility of the management method, the tree removal plan and removal execution were compared on the A zone which showed high visibility frequency. Asa comparative result, there was insignificant difference(3.3%) in area between the tree removal plan($10,935m^2$) and removal execution($11,296m^2$). This study proved the Cumulative Visibility Analysis and Multiple Sight Surface Analysis to be effective for forest scape maintenance around a mountain fortress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.1172-1181
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• 2007

This research involved 226 Jeonbuk Province school dietitians as subjects to investigate intake and perceptions of the healthy functional foods. Sixty nine percent of the school dietitians didn't even know about the law enforcement concerning the health functional foods. Although 68.1% of the respondents said that they slightly knew about health functional foods, only 25% knew exactly what it was. As shown in the survey, most didn't have the cognitive understanding did not understand which should be obtained by education. Sixty two percent of the answerers said they had experience of taking health various functional food products of various kinds such as supplements (57.9%), red ginseng products (52.9%), and chlorella products (30.0%). The motive of intake was in the order of fatigue restoration (25.7%), sickness prevention (22.9%), and nutrient replenishment (22.9%). A fascinating fact from this study was that the reason for healthy functional product intake was different between groups that was primarily interested in the products and those that was not. For those who had interest, the reason for intake was for sickness prevention. On the other hand, for those who didn't have any interest, the reasons was primarily for fatigue restoration and they were mostly persuaded by close friends and relatives. Main concerns were in the order of side effects (4.72), efficacy after intake (4.59), cleanliness (4.51), reliability of the company (4.29), and price (4.23). In view of the study, it is clear that a lot of people are showing interest in healthy functional food products. However, dietitians who are experts in food and nutrition lacked knowledge and information on healthy functional food.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine what made dental hygiene students choose their major subject and how much they were satisfied with that in an effort to pave the way for more successful guidance. The subjects in this study were 320 dental hygiene students from five colleges in Gyeonggi province, Incheon, Gangweon province, north Gyeongsang province and north Jeolla province. 32 freshmen and 32 sophomores each were selected from the colleges.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.505-521
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• 2013

The purpose of the study is the find out current status and key factors of attendance in private education of gifted students. The results show that 95.9% of gifted students and 94.6% of general students are currently participating in private education. Most percentages of students took English and math programs at the private institutes. Average amount of time students spend for private education was 2~3 hours per day, and most percentage of parents spent 400,000~600,000 won per month for their children's private education. There were no significant differences between the gifted and the general students in the aspects of private education statuses. Regarding the key factors of attendance in private education, improvement of study related skills, school grade management, and influences of surroundings, such as parents and friends, were showed as significant variables in gifted students group. Interestingly, influences of surroundings showed negative effect. For general students and their parents, improvement of study related skills and school grade management factors were significant variables. And for the parents of gifted students, improvement of study related skills and entering higher level schools appeared as significant factors for the participation in private education. Implications of the study were discussed in depth.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.16-28
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• 2015

This study is suggested to enlarge the green area and to connect and improve the present green areas by deriving the lines of community greenway using living areas and community spaces close to the life of residence in Nam-gu. The purpose of this paper is to suggest the method of establishing greenway for the formation of community in which the residence can grow the community spirit and love their living space much more. Land-use status, green coverage ratio, and impermeability paving ratio are investigated. The community facilities are classified. The highest is educational facility, which is 7.7%, the green facility is 1.9% and the total area of community facilities which is 21.4%. The total area of Nam-gu is divided into 31 zones in total according to the administrative districts, the mail roads and reserved land of railroad and urban development. The total 20 lines of community greenway lines are chosen and the total length of lines is 18.2km. Finally, the characteristics of community greenway lines are analysed, the characteristics of community greenway lines are overall estimated according to the land-use, the street environment and the community facility. The classification system of community greenway is established on the basis on the function and purpose of greenway, the present status of land-use and the type of community facility. Based on the field investigation, the 6 greenway types are suggested considering the interconnection. The method of establishment of community greenway is suggested according to the principle of function and purpose, the principle of land-use and the principle of use of the facilities. Furthermore, the planting methods suitable to each greenway type are suggested in the building planting case of wall planting, roof planting, veranda planting, etc., and in the complex planting of parks, schools, roads, parking lots and other small areas.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.68-73
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• 2003

This study performed from 2002 October to 2003 April. The samples were taken at 66 sites, divided into the 6 sections functionally in the southern part of Seoul such as Yangchon-gu, Kangseo-gu, Kuro-gu, Yeongdengpo-gu, Kwanak-gu, Dongjak-gu, Seocho-gu, Kangnam-gu, Songpa-gu, and Kangdong-gu. The result of research showed that each property soil was pH 4.7∼9.5, Cd; 0.391 mg/kg (0.011∼l.081 mg/kg). Cu; 12.35 mg/kg (0.061∼73.62 mg/kg), Pb; 13.04 mg/kg (N.D.∼61.85 mg/kg), Hg; 0.0866 mg/kg (N.D.∼1.353 mg/kg), F; 206.8 mg/kg(47.1∼561.1mg/kg). The minimum and maximum of the concentration with functional soils were Cd; 0.632 mg/kg for multi-purposed soil,0.079 mg/kg for schools, Cu; 21.35 mg/kg for roadside, 2.159 mg/kg for schools, Pb; 24.70 mg/kg for roadside, 1.030 mg/kg for schools, Hg; 0.1780 mg/kg for multi purposed, 0.0087 mg/kg for schools. Especially F was the high concentration at the hills. Also the concentration of Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg and F at school Zone was detected such as low. area of schools area was detected the low concentrations as the items of Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, and F. The average concentrations of metals and fluorine in the survey area were below the Preliminary Standard of the Soil Preservation Acts in Korea. To evaluate the soil quality of these area showed as a good qualified results. The results of SQPI (Soil Quality Pollution Index the qualified results as much as 86.4%.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.571-579
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• 2014

This study was conducted to provide basic data for improvement of the oral health management ability and the factors affecting oral health recognition and practice of 6th graders. The research subjects total 259 numbers of 6th grade students in two schools located in Changwon, it was investigated and analyzed with structured questionnaires. The collected data is analyzed by using IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0. The average oral health recognition score investigated were $3.19{\pm}0.41$, and $2.95{\pm}0.43$ for oral health practices. The oral health recognition was statistically significant differences by father's education (p<0.01), perceived oral health status (p<0.01), perceived grade (p<0.01), intention to attend oral health education (p<0.001). The oral health practices was statistically significant differences by father's education (p<0.01), perceived oral health status (p<0.001), perceived grade (p<0.05), parent's interest in child's toothbrushing (p<0.01), experience of oral health education (p<0.001), intention to attend oral health education (p<0.05). The factors that may improve the oral health recognition are in order of oral health practices, intention to attend oral health education, and parent's attention to child's tooth brushing. The factors that may improve the oral health practice was found to be in order of oral health recognition, parent's attention to child's tooth brushing, and perceived oral health status. As a result, in order to improve oral health management ability of 6th grade students, the surrounding environment, the attitude on oral care, the interest of oral, and the current disease status of oral health are required to be identified, then the oral health education program should be provided.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.37-56
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• 2001

This study was conducted to analyze the degree of changes in knowledge and attitude toward smoking and to examine the factors affecting knowledge and attitude for smoking after providing a smoking prevention program based on social influence model for a year to middle school students. Study population consists of 665 subjects of middle school students(aged 14 years) in Gumi city in Kyeongsangbukdo Province. Among them three-hundred sixty-seven students(intervention group) were educated to a smoking prevention program for 1 year from April 1999 to April 2000. School-based four-class program to prevent smoking was developed. The program provides instruction about short and long-term negative physiologic and social consequences of smoking and also discussed the health hazards of smoking, social pressure to smoke, peer norms regarding tobacco use, and refusal skill. A 45-item self-administered structured questionnaire was designed to evaluate the change of knowledge, attitude, smoking rate and the amount of smoking. The instrument was comprised of 11 knowledge items, thirteen attitude item and demographic items. Each scales were created by summing responses to each items within each scales and high scores on the knowledge, attitude, and smoking behavioral intention scales indicated positive responses. Based on the changes before and after the implementation of smoking prevention program between intervention and control group, the change of scores on knowledge were significantly different between the control group and the intervention group(p<0.05) and the change of scores on the attitude toward smoking was significantly different between intervention and control group. The change of smoking rate were not showing a significant difference between two groups but the amount of smoking were significantly reduced in intervention group than control group. In multiple regression analysis on changes of knowledge about smoking, the variables of smoking prevention program education, previous knowledge on smoking and students' school performance were selected the significant variables. In multiple regression to analysis of the factors influencing changes in attitude toward smoking, the variables of smoking prevention program education, previous knowledge on smoking were shown to be significant. The smoking prevention program was effective on change of knowledge and attitude of middle school students. In considering that the policy should be needed to extent of implementation of school-based health education curricula based on social influence model and it would contribute to reduce smoking of students.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.91-106
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• 2001

Local government takes an active role in the (re)making of local socio-economic space. To support such an argument, the three different actions by the local government of Taegu, urban planning and local industrial districts, the establishment of special educational institutions, and textile festival are analyzed. The division of the city's space into residential, commercial, and industrial area by local government constrained the location of local manufacturing industries. It also forced textile industry to move to the outskirts of Taegu. As the education level in South Korea rose after the late 1970s, the local government of Taegu as well as local industrial capitalists had to do something to acquire a stable supply of labor to local manufacturing industries, particularly textile one. After the late 1970s, the special classes for the education of local workers, especially textile ones were established within vocational high school and company-operated high schools were also built in Taegu. Finally, local government started a program of textile festival in 1985. Through textile festival, local government as well as local textile business people tried to reproduce textile industry as the main economic activity of Taegu.