• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1860-1864
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• 2006

본 연구는 강우시 발생되는 강우유출수와 합류식하수관거월류수에 의해 하천으로 유입되는 오염부하를 저감시키기 위한 공법으로, 고수부지 및 제방사면부와 둔치부를 형상화하여 pilot를 제작하였고, 연속적으로 시운전을 한 SRTS(Stormwater Runoff Treatment System)에 관한 것이다. SRT system 내부의 사면수처리부와 평면수처리부에는 다공성 콘크리트를 충진하였다. system 상부에는 식생을 조성하여 뿌리가 수면에 닿아 영양물질을 흡수하는 목적으로 사면수처리부와 평면수처리부에 각각 정육각형과 직사각형인 식생포트를 탈.부착이 가능하도록 고안하였다. 내부에서는 토양과 수처리조 사이에 연결관을 부착하였고, 모세관현상에 의해 토양이 수분을 흡수하도록 구성하였다. pilot plant는 유입부, 사면 수처리부, 평면 수처리부, 유출부로 나누었다. 유입부는 유입펌프와 V-notch로 구성하였고, 유입펌프는 2대를 설치하여 1시간 간격으로 연속적 유입으로 유량조절이 가능하도록 상호교대 운전을 하였다. 평면 수처리부$(W(1.0m){\times}(L(2.4m){\times}H(0.6m))$는 장방형의 접촉산화조로서 하부에 슬러지 침전 및 저류를 위한 hopper를 설치하여 슬러지의 원활한 수집 및 인발이 가능하도록 하였다. 유출부는 사각weir를 설치하였다. 강우유출수의 pH는 $7.27{\sim}7.92$이고, DO농도는 $7.12{\sim}7.88mg/l$로 관측되었다. 2차처리수의 pH는 평균7.4이고 DO농도는 최저 4.5 mg/l에서 최고 8.9 mg/l로 평균 6.8 mg/l로 관측되었다. 또한 강우유출수의 유입수의 T-N, T-P 농도는 각각 $17.5{\sim}22.5mg/l,\;8.9{\sim}11.4mg/l$의 범위이고, 2차 처리수의 유입수의 T-N, T-P 농도와 유사하였다.적인 방법론을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.첨두홍수량을 저류하기 위해서 상대적으로 넓은 저류면적이 필요한 것으로 나타난다. 대등한 수위감소값의 홍수저감효과를 발휘하기 위해서 본 연구에서는 On-Line 저류지 면적은 Off-Line 저류지에 비 두배 이상이 필요한 것으로 보여졌다.들에 관한 정보는 종종 현장관측에서 조차 무시되는 경우가 많다. 이에 본 연구에서는 수질모형의 매개변수 중 특히 수리특성에 관련된 매개변수들이 수질에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이를 위해 적용된 수질모형은 QualKo를 사용하였으며, 대상 하천은 낙동강 본류 경남구간 시점 부근인 회천 합류 전부터 낙동강 본류 경남구간 종점 부근인 밀양강 합류 전까지의 경남 오염총량관리 기본계획 시 구축된 모형 매개변수를 바탕으로 분석을 수행하였다. 일차오차분석을 이용하여 수리매개변수와 수질매개변수의 수질항목별 상대적 기여도를 파악해 본 결과, 수리매개변수는 DO, BOD, 유기질소, 유기인 모든 항목에 일정 정도의 상대적 기여도를 가지고 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이로부터 수질 모형의 적용 시 수리 매개변수 또한 수질 매개변수의 추정 시와 같이 보다 세심한 주의를 기울여 추정할 필요가 있을 것으로 판단된다.변화와 기흉 발생과의 인과관계를 확인하고 좀 더 구체화하기 위한 연구가 필요할 것이다.게 이루어질 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.는 초과수익률이 상승하지만, 이후로는 감소하므로, 반전거래전략을 활용하는 경우 주식투자기간은 24개월이하의 중단기가 적합함을 발견하였다. 이상의 행태적 측면과 투자성과측면의 실증결과를 통하여 한국주식시장에 있어서 시장수익률을 평균적으로 초과할 수 있는 거래전략은 존재하므로 이러한 전략을 개발 및 활용할 수 있으며, 특히, 한국주식시장에 적합한 거래전략은 반전거래전략이고, 이 전략의 유용성은 투자자가 설정한 투자기간보다 더욱 긴 분석기간의 주식가격정보에 의하여 최대한 발휘될 수 있음을 확인하

• Proceedings of the Korean DIstribution Association Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.125-141
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• 2001

In this paper, the current problems of logistics industry in Korea and their possible solutions were discussed. With Korea Telecoms KT-Logis, the supplier and demander of logistics service would not have to invest large sum of money into their computer system. All they need is just a computer with internet connected. What KT-Logis influence on the logistics industry are the following; 1. Many logistics service supplier and demander can do the business on the web with one computer system. 2. This web based computer system does not only work on the office but also apply on the field worker such as delivery personnel or even the forwarder with mobile phone. 3. KT-Logis is an integrated system which cover the broad arrange of logistics management from truck management to customer relations management. 4. Finally, KT-Logis is web based systems which suits for current e-business and mobile environment. In future, more studies should be done to develop more progressive integrated logistics information systems with enterprise resource planning(ERP) and supply chain management(SCM).

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.1 s.115
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• pp.73-84
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to analyze long-term temporal trends of water chemistry and spatial heterogeneity for 10 sampling sites of the Yeongsan River watershed using water quality dataset during 1995 to 2004 (obtained from the Ministry of Environment, Korea). The water quality, based on multi-parameters of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), conductivity, dissolved oxygen (Do), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN) and total suspended solids (TSS), largely varied depending on the sampling sites, seasons and years. Largest seasonal variabilities in most parameters occurred during the two months of July to August and these were closely associated with large spate of summmer monsoon rain. Conductivity, used as a key indicator for a ionic dilution during rainy season, and nutrients of TN and TP had an inverse function of precipitation (absolute r values> 0.32, P< 0.01, n= 119), whereas BOD and COD had no significant relations(P> 0.05, n= 119) with rainfall. Minimum values in conductivity, TN, and TP were observed during the summer monsoon, indicating an ionic and nutrient dilution of river water by the rainwater. In contrast, major inputs of total suspended solids (TSS) occurred during the period of summer monsoon. BOD values varied with seasons and the values was closely associated (r=0.592: P< 0.01) with COD, while variations of TN were had high correlations (r=0.529 : P< 0.01) with TP. Seasonal fluctuations of DO showed that maximum values were in the cold winter season and minimum values were in the summer seasons, indicating an inverse relation with water temperature. The spatial trend analyses of TP, TN, BOD, COD and TSS, except for conductivity, showed that the values were greater in the mid-river reach than in the headwater and down-river reaches. Conductivity was greater in the down-river sites than any other sites. Overall data of BOD, COD, and nutrients (TN, TP) showed that water quality was worst in the Site 4, compared to those of others sites. This was due to continuous effluents from the wastewater treatment plants within the urban area of Gwangju city. Based on the overall dataset, efficient water quality management is required in the urban area for better water quality.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2005

This study was conducted to identify the characteristics of non-point pollutants discharge in a small agricultural watershed during farming season. for this purpose, the Neoungchon watershed in Goesangun was selected as a typical agricultural area. Runoff and water quality data in the stream, the domestic sewage and the precipitation of the watershed were analyzed periodically from June 1 to November 6 in 2004 and pollutant loads were estimated. As a result the mean concentrations of BOD, SS, TN and TP in the stream were 3.0, 76.7, 8.7, 0.16 mg/L in rainy season and 2.4, 10.0, 3.5, 0.11 mg/L in dry season respectively. Daily discharge of non-point pollutant occurred above of 95% in rainy period. Measured pollutant loads in the watershed were $26.63kg/km^2/day$ of T-N and $0.62kg/km^2/day$ of T-P, within the range of other research results. Effluent loads based on guideline of total pollutant to stream management of MOE (Ministry of Environment) were less than delivery loads since the guideline could not reflect the agricultural practices, geomorphic and meteorological characteristics in an agricultural watershed.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.129-143
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• 1993

The objective of this study is to understand the status of the water pollution in rural areas and to furnish a basic material for the management of the water pollution in rural areas. For this purpose, the Bokha river basin, Ichon-Gun, Kyungki-Do considering as a typical agricultural area was selected as a representative experimental watershed. The characteristics of water pollution in streams of the Bokha river basin was revealed by investigating and analyzing data collected for the source of pollution, water qualities in reaches of the stream, the degree of contribution to the river contamination by pollution mass produced from each source, and the status of the self-purification at the main stream. The most important source of the water pollution in investigated watershed was livestock, and the next important one were in the order of population, land use, and industry. The water quality of the Bokha river was relatively favorable judging from the BOD and COD concentration, however since the concentration of T-N and T-P showed significantly large values, it was concluded that the river was seriously contaminated by the nutrient material. The main cause of the river contamination was proved due to livestock waste. For the T-N, both land use and livestock were much more contributied to the pollution than any other source, which characterized the typical water pollution of rural areas. Run-off ratios for the Bokha river tributaries to the main stream were changed according to the similar trend to the variation of discharges in the branch streams. For the value of the self-purification constant at the main stream, it showed smaller value in the downstream reach than the middle-stream and upstream reaches, where could possibly have smaller reoxidation action due to slower velocity and deeper water depth.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.126-135
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• 1987

The physical properties, coliform groups, and nutrients were investigated to evaluate the sanitary Quality of the environmental water at Chinju area from May to October, 1986. The results were as follows : The pH ranged from 5.4 to 7.8 : water temperature ranged from 12.0 to $30.3^{\circ}C$ : electrical conductivity ranged from $0.51\times10^2\;to\;8.095\times10^2\mu\mho/cm$; chloride ion ranged from 3.6 to 126.8 mg/l, respectively. Especially, the concentration of the chloride ion at St.9 was 109mg/l which was higher than those of others. The $NO_3^--N$ ranged from 0.2336 to 14.1648 mg/l and the mean value was 5.4774 mg/l, the concentration of $NO_3^--N$ at St. 2 was higher as 40 times than that of St.4. The $PO_4^{3-}-P$ ranged from 0.0013 to 0.8315 mg/l, and the mean value was 0.0745 mg/l, the concentration of$PO_4^{3-}-P$ at St.8 was higher than that of others. The $SiO_2-Si$ ranged 1.7 to 15.28 mg/1 and the mean value was 5.81 mg/l. The value of St.8 and St.9 were higher than those of other stations but this value were lower $10\~13\;mg/l$ than the criterion for drinking water as 50 mg/l. The bacterial density of the spring waters ranged 9.1 to 4,600/100 ml (geometric mean : 205/100 ml) for total coliform 0 to 4s0/100 ml and 28.2/100 ml for fecal coliform. Composition of coliform was $38.2\%$ Escherichia coli, $25\%$ Entrobacter aerogenes, $13.2\%$ Citrobecter freundii and the others.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1268-1280
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined exercise on irisin, body composition and glucose metabolism in obese elderly women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The subjects were thirty-six obese elderly women with type 2 diabetes volunteers, aged 65 to 85 years, composed of the combined exercise type 2 diabetes mellitus group (n=20) and non-exercise type 2 diabetes mellitus group (n=16). The 60 minute combined exercise program (outdoor walking exercise & elastic-band exercise) was performed 3 times per week for 12 weeks. Exercise intensity of outdoor walking exercise was performed as medium intensity (RPE 5~6) and elastic-band exercise was progressively increased every four weeks (1-4 weeks: OMNI-RES 3~4, 5-8 weeks: OMNI-RES 5~6, 9-12 weeks: OMNI-RES 7~8). The results of the study in the combined exercise type 2 diabetes mellitus group were as follows; Irisin and skeletal muscle mass had significantly increased (p<.001), percentage of body fat had significantly decreased (p<.001). Further, HbA1c (p=.020) and fasting glucose (p<.001) was significantly decreased, and HOMA-β was significantly increased (p<.001). Correlation results showed that change of irisin had a significant negative correlation between percentage of body fat mass (r=-.423, p=.010), HbA1c (r=-.351, p=.036) and fasting glucose (r=-.424, p=.010). Also, irisin changes showed a positive correlation with aerobic endurance (r=.355, p=.034) and HOMA-β (r=.411, p=.013). In conclusion, the practice of regular combined exercise was found to increase the level of irisin in elderly women with type 2 diabetes and have a positive effect on body composition changes. In addition, HbA1c, fasting glucose and insulin secretion was improved, which helped to regulate glucose metabolism. Walking exercise and elastic band exercise are recommended as effective exercise for the prevention and management of diabetes in obese elderly women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.148-157
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• 1981

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the sanitary quality of sea water at popular swimming beaches such as Haeundae, Kwanganri and Songjeong which are located in the suburbs of Busan Korea. One hundred and seventy five sea water samples were collected from the 25 stations during the both summer seasons in 1979 and in 1980. The sampling stations were established in the above 3 swimming beaches and the estuary of Suyeong river (See Fig.1.). To evaluate the sanitary quality, coliform group, fecal coliform, viable cell count and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were observed. The median value of coliform group MPN of the samples ranged 2,300 to 6,500/100m1 in Kwanganri, 670 to 910/100m1 in Haeundae and 430 to 460/100m1 in Songjeong swimming beach. Geometric mean of fecal coliform MPN was 3,200/100m1 in Kwanganri, 500/100m1 in Haeundae and 360/100m1 in Songjeong swimming beach. Composition of coliform was $23\%$ Escheri-chia coli group, $20\%$ Citrobacter freundii group, $41\%$ Klebsiella aerogenes group and $16\%$others. The density of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Kwanganri was much higher than those of in other beaches by 5 to 6 times. Plate count of the samples in the estuary of Suyeong river was varied from 300 to $8.5\times10^6/ml$ during the study period. No remarkable difference was observed in bacterial density by tide in swimming beaches but the bacterial density of sea water at ebb tide was obviously higher than those of the samples at flood tide in the estuary of Suyeong river.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.275-282
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• 2018

Miscanthus species are known as a genus of eco-friendly and low-maintenance cost ornamental grasses. Plug and cutting methods were tested for multi-propagation of most promising ornamental Miscanthus species in greenhouse and field plot. The plug formation period with three different cell sizes with four cultivars (M. sinensis 'Andersson', 'Strictus', 'Gracillimus', 'Variegatus') were evaluated the seedling development stages with two irrigation types of the over-head and the bottom watering in greenhouse and field plot afterward during 2015-2016 season. In seedling plug test, the size of tray cell affected the plug formation. Bottom irrigation resulted positively on plant height, weight, root and tiller development compared with the over-head irrigation. Plug cell size affected the plant growth in the field after transplanting. All of the 3 Miscanthus species showed higher rates of successful propagation at the lower nodes before inflorescence formation (vegetative growth stage). To analyze the survival factors of M. xgiganteus cutting, the cutting time, node part, and culm diameter were tested as independent variables with the binary logistic model. The survival probability was influenced by node part and culm diameter significantly. The third and fifth node parts showed 0.12 (8X higher failure probability) and 0.02 (50X higher failure probability) times less survival probability. It means the survival probability will be increased by using older and lower part of cuttings during a vegetative growth stage before inflorescences of M. xgiganteus.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.320-328
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• 2016

This study was conducted to provide important basic information about effective management of the marine environment at major inflow streams in Lake Andong and Lake Imha. The investigation was conducted 8 times from May, 2015 (AD1, AD2, IH1, IH2) to September, 2016 (AD3, AD4, IH3, IH4), and 8 surveyed sites were selected at Lake Andong (4 sites) and Lake Imha (4 sites). The inquiry identified 114 species, $59,913.7inds.\;m^{-2}$ in Lake Andong and 112 species, $39,038.4inds.\;m^{-2}$ in Lake Imha. The results indicate that the number of species and individuals in Lake Andong is more than that in Lake Imha, because Lake Andong has a variety of riparian vegetation and a richness of organic materials. Community analysis at Lake Imha revealed a dominant index of 0.57 (${\pm}0.18$), a diversity index of 2.87 (${\pm}0.31$), an evenness index of 0.73 (${\pm}0.04$), and a richness index of 4.17 (${\pm}0.71$). The results of functional feeding group analysis showed that a high proportion of species and individuals are gathering collectors. The results of functional habitat group analysis showed that a high proportion of species and individuals are clingers. The result of a physico-chemical water assay and dissolved oxygen and electric conductivity tests revealed that these measures increased when the water temperature decreased. The result of Pearson's correlation analysis by biological factors and physico-chemical factors showed that species and electric conductivity are highly correlated with one another. Major inflow streams of Lake Andong and Lake Imha were exposed to various point pollution sources and non-point pollution sources. This implies a necessity for continuous monitoring of the aquatic ecosystems in order to effect systematic water quality management of Lake Andong and Lake Imha.