• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.121-128
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• 2021

Piloti-type buildings in Korea are usually composed of lower frames and upper shear wall structures. Piloti-type buildings have been seriously damaged during earthquakes because of the construction of soft and weak stories. Piloti-type buildings with edge cores are two-way unsymmetric planes. This paper analyzed and obtained the dynamic response for structures modeled using a multistory two-way asymmetric system. The numerical results, obtained using the Newmark-β method, show the time-history responses and trends of maximum displacements and shear forces. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of reinforcement on dynamic response when a shear wall or brace is reinforced in the corner opposite the piloti.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5673-5682
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• 2015

Purpose of this study is to examine and investigate the utilization of low-rise floor Pilotis space which is frequently selected as a major planning element in recent high-rise apartment complex and to identify the interrelationship between the placement of Pilotis space in the complex and space utilization frequency by comparing circulation related indicators of Connectivity, Control Value, Global Integration and Local Integration through Space Syntax axial analysis. Conclusions of this study are, first, Pilotis space is not used as a space to improve regional community consciousness because it is mostly used as a 'simple movement space'. Second, regarding space utilization frequency differences in Pilotis space in each apartment building, projecting entry access+pilotis addition type complex shows more significant utilization frequency than pilotis access type complex, and the vandalism phenomenon is observed more often. Third, Pilotis space utilization is related with Connectivity, Control Value, Global Integration and Local Integration which are circulation related indicators in Space Syntax, and Pilotis spaces with high indicator values over 2 tend to show higher utilization frequency and those with low indicator values over 2 tend to show low utilization frequency.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.144-150
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• 2016

An apartment house with a pilotis that raises the architectural volume and provides a space for circulation is becoming popular. With the popularity of pilotis in apartment houses, people also have a keen interest in the potential fire risk at the pilotis. As residents can only access their apartment house through the pilotis, there is a risk to the occupants if there is fire there. Therefore, this study evaluated the pilotis fire cases of urban multifamily housing to conduct a Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and Fire Evacuation Simulation (FES). Through these two simulation methods, it is possible to validate the riskiness of fire at an apartment with a pilotis. The study identified that the toxic gases and flame spread out to the pilotis within hundred seconds after ignition. In addition, the toxic gases and flame also reach the second floor within three seconds and the entire building within 735 seconds if the entrance doors at the pilotis are opened. On the other hand, the FES simulation results showed that it also takes about approximately 609 seconds to excavate from the apartment house with a pilotis. Therefore, this research shows that an apartment house with a pilotis can ensure the building occupants' lives and their safety if there is fire.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.959-969
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze the present conditions of the pilotis spaces of the public apartment housing and to suggest the future planning means of the spaces. At the present time, most of the pilotis space has been constructed in wall-bearing method. However, post and beam method(or Rahmen) will be used due to the municipal public-housing policy. Observation of seven(7) different locations and twenty-eight(28) blocks, and interview with the residents were employed to gather the data. Regarding functional relevance, six types of the space were selected, and planning suggestions for each type were followed. Among others, the conclusions include: the pilotis space should be planned as an interior for the future, as well as it should be open enough to secure the view from the surroundings.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.490-498
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• 2020

In this study, the seismic performance of low-rise piloti buildings with eccentric core (shear wall) positions was analyzed and reviewed. A prototype was selected among constructed low-rise piloti buildings with eccentric cores designed based on KBC2005. The seismic performance of the building showed plastic behavior in the X-direction and elastic behavior in the Y-direction. The inter-story drift is larger than that of a concentric core case and has the maximum allowed drift ratio. The displacement ratio of the first story is much larger than that of upper stories, and the frame structure in the first story is vulnerable to lateral force. Therefore, low-rise piloti buildings with eccentric cores need to have less lateral displacement, as well as reinforcement of the lateral resistance capacity in seismic design and seismic retrofit.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.48-54
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• 2016

Pilotis are support columns that lift a building above the ground. Thus, they can elevate the lowest floor to the secondfloor level and, in Korea, are used to leav a parking area below multifamily housing. However, if there is a fire in the piloti area, the cars and main entrance door are wrapped in flames. Due to the inflammability of the materials, the combustion of the cars and insulation at the ceiling of the pilotis, having a high heat release rate, can quickly destroy the front entrance of the building and spread heat, flames and a poisonous gas to the stairs and elevator pit. Therefore, the fire can quickly spread to the whole building, putting the lives of the residents in danger. This study was an in-depth accidental case study of the "Uijeongbu Fire Accident" that killed 5 residents and injured 139 others. The study identified the relationships between the fire at the piloti structure of multifamily housing and the vulnerability of this structure and its inherent weaknesses.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.201-210
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• 2023

This study is to evaluate the ductility strengthening effect of aramid fiber sheets on piloti-type structures. Two piloti-type structure specimens were prepared and tested under statical cyclic lateral loads. The ductility strengthening effect was validated from the analysis of lateral load-displacement relationship, displacement ductility ratio, work damage index and torsion behavior. Test results showed that the post-peak behavior of piloti-type structures with columns strengthened with aramid fiber sheets tended to be ductile resulting from preventing shear failure and minimizing torsion due to the effective lateral confinement of column concrete by aramid fiber sheet. Consequently, the displacement ductility ratio and work damage index of piloti-type structures with columns with strengthened with aramid fiber sheets were 4.63 and 42.81 times higher than those of non strengthened piloti-type structures.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.61-69
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• 2007

The main purpose of this study is to provide a basic information for the seismic capacity evaluation and the seismic design of low-rise reinforced concrete (RC) shear wall buildings, which are comprised of a pilotis in the first story. In this study, relationships between strengths and ductilities of each story of RC buildings with pilotis are investigated based on the nonlinear seismic response analysis. The characteristics of low-rise RC buildings with pilotis are assumed as the double degree of freedom structural systems. In order to simulate these systems, the pilotis is idealized as a degrading trilinear hysteretic model that fails in flexure and the upper story of shear wall system is idealized as a origin-oriented hysteretic model that fails in shear, respectively. Stiffness properties of both models are varied in terms of story shear coefficients and structures are subjected to various ground motion components. By analyzing these systems, interaction curves of required strengths for various levels of ductility factors are finally derived for practical purposes. The result indicates that the required strength levels derived can be used as a basic information for seismic evaluation and design criteria of low-rise reinforced concrete shear wall buildings having pilotis structure.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.103-110
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• 2017

With the common tendency in the accordance with the trend, low-stories built edifices that are Pilotis-oriented structured exponentially and constantly increasing its number of buildings. It inevitably contains its risks of facing conflagrations as most of its part is used as parking lots. In the parking lots, the length of the flame has a heavy-weighted possibility that it would get increased because the heat release rate gets relatively high due to the vehicle insulation. Following on top of that, due to the nature of the Pilotisconsisting of pillars, there is a risk of flame spread to the adjacent building if the same Pilotis-structured buildings are adjacent to each other, if the flame spreads to the surroundings due to the influence of the wind. Because the most of the pilotis-structured-buildings have this entrance that makes the residents be able to enter, if the entrance were plugged the resident get a serious risk of a poisonous gas and a flame. Therefore, if the parking-lots of the pilotis-structured-buildings are adjacent to each other it requires a space to prevent the place from the spread of flame. This research studied how far is appropriate to prevent flame spreading with FDS. As a result, the study found that the distance at least 3.0 m is required.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.387-399
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• 2003

The box system that consists only of reinforced concrete walls and slabs we adopted in many high-rise apartment buildings recently constructed in Korea. Recently, many of the box system buildings with pilotis has been constructed to meet the architectural design requirements. This structure has abrupt change in the structural properties between the upper and lower parts divided by transfer girders. For an accurate analysis of a structure with pilotis, it is necessary to have the buildings modeled into a finer mesh. But it would cost tremendous amount of computational time and memory. In this study, an efficient method is proposed for an efficient analysis of buildings those have pilotis with drastically reduced time and memory. In the proposed analysis method, transfer gilders are modeled using super elements developed by the matrix condensation technique and fictitious beams are introduced to enforce the compatibility conditions at the boundary of each element. The analyses of example structures demonstrated that the proposed method used for the analysis of a structure with pilotis will provide analysis results with accuracy for the design of box system buildings.