• Title/Summary/Keyword: 핀틀 분사기

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Analysis on the Research and Development Cases of Combustion Devices with Liquid-Liquid Pintle Injector (액체-액체 핀틀 분사기 적용 연소장치 개발 사례 분석)

  • Hwang, DoKeun;Ryu, Chulsung;Kwon, Sejin
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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    • v.24 no.6
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    • pp.126-142
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    • 2020
  • This study aims to provide basic design data for a pintle injector and its combustion device through case study on the research and development of combustion devices to which a liquid-liquid pintle injector was applied. From data analysis, it was possible to provide the initial dimension of the combustion chamber and pintle injector based on the engine thrust, and the geometric characteristics of the high-efficiency injector. In addition, the pintle tip heat damage prevention mechanism and materials, face-shutoff pintle injector implementation method, and central propellant selection criteria were summarized. Theses results will be used as basic data for the design criteria of an initial pintle injector combustion device.

Technology and Developing Trends of Pintle Injector for Throttleable Engine (가변추력 엔진용 핀틀 분사기 분석 및 개발동향)

  • Lee, Suji;Koo, Jaye;Yoon, Youngbin
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.107-118
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    • 2017
  • As the interest in lunar exploration increases, a throttleable engine is regarded as a important technology. Variable area injectors have been identified to be the most reliable throttling method. Pintle injector is a representative injector of the variable method. It has a simple design and inherent combustion stability. Therefore, it is necessary to research the pintle injector. The present study investigates the concept of the injector, the design factors, and the latest development trends for pintle injector design.

Analysis of Pintle Tip Thermal Damage in the Combustion Hot Firing Test with a 1.5-tonf Class Liquid-Liquid Pintle Injector (1.5톤급 액체-액체 핀틀 분사기 연소시험에서의 핀틀 팁 열손상 원인 분석)

  • Kang, Donghyuk;Hwang, Dokeun;Ryu, Chulsung;Ko, Youngsung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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    • v.24 no.6
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2020
  • Using kerosene and liquid oxygen, 1.5-tonf class liquid-liquid pintle injector with rectangular two-row orifice was designed and manufactured. The combustion test of the pintle injector was carried out to verify the combustion performance and combustion stability under a supercritical condition which is the actual operation condition of the liquid rocket engine. The combustion test result showed that the pintle tip was damaged by the high temperature combustion gas in the high-mixed ratio recirculation zone of the combustion chamber. To solve this problem, the insert nozzle was installed in the pintle injector to increase cooling performance at the pintle tip. As a result of the hot firing test, installation of the insert nozzle, AR and BF had a great effect on pintle tip cooling performance.

Study on the High Pressure Combustion Performance Characteristics of the 1st Row Pintle Injector using LOx-Kerosene as Propellant (LOx와 Kerosene을 추진제로 하는 1열 핀틀 분사기의 고압 연소성능 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Kang, Donghyuk;Kim, Jonggyu;Ryu, Chulsung;Ko, Youngsung
    • Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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    • v.16 no.5
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    • pp.17-25
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    • 2022
  • The pintle injector has many advantages in the key characteristics of a liquid rocket engine, such as combustion stability, combustion efficiency, and wide range of comprehensive thrust control, design and manufacture, and test fired under supercritical conditions. The pintle injector is manufactured with a rectangular, single-row orifice for thrust control and production considerations. In order to verify the combustion performance of the pintle injector and its potential as a commercial injector, the combustion characteristics were analyzed by varying the TMR (Total Momentum Ratio) and BF (Blockage Factor). The result of the hot firing test showed that the heat flux increased as TMR increased, and it confirmed that the characteristic velocity efficiency was more affected by BF than TMR. Suppose a single-row pintle injector with efficiency characteristics insensitive to changes in TMR can achieve high efficiency at low fuel differential pressure conditions. In that case, the variable pintle injector's design flexibility can be increase.

Study on the Spray Characteristics of Liquid/Liquid Pintle Injector by Opening Distance (액체/액체 핀틀 분사기의 개도에 따른 분무특성 연구)

  • Yoon, Wonjae;Ahn, Jonghyeon;Ahn, Kyubok;Yoon, Hosung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.14-25
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    • 2021
  • An experimental study was conducted on the spray characteristics of the pintle injector by opening distance. The discharge coefficient of the pintle injector was investigated and the spray angle was measured by taking the spray image by test conditions. As a result of the measurement of the discharge coefficient, it was confirmed that the change in the discharge coefficient of the outer injector was not significant over the experimental conditions, but the change in the discharge coefficient of the inner injector was decreased as the flow rate increased. Measurement of the spray angle showed that the change in the spray angle was not significant in the conditions under which the spray was fully developed, but the spray was not fully developed at low flow rates. This confirmed the possibility of thrust control using the pintle injector.

Feeding Rate Measurement of Pintle Injector Type Fuel Feeder for Metal Powder Combustor (금속분말 연소기를 위한 핀틀인젝터형 연료 공급 장치의 입자 분사량 측정)

  • Ko, Tae-Ho;Kim, Hyung-Min;Lee, Do-Hyung;Yoon, Woong-Sup
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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    • 2010.11a
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    • pp.405-409
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    • 2010
  • 금속분말을 청정 에너지원으로 이용하기 위해 금속분말 소형 연소기의 구현이 필요하다. 이를 위한 선행연구로 연료 공급 시스템인 핀틀인젝터형(pintle injector type) 금속분말 공급장치의 중요 성능인 분사량을 실험적으로 측정하였다. 분사량 측정 시험에 앞서 간단한 금속분말 공급 시험으로 확인된 문제점을 장치의 변경을 통해 해결하였다. 측정 시험의 결과, 연료 공급 장치에 이송 가스 압력이 상승함에 따라 많은 질유량의 금속분말이 분사되었고 압력에 따른 정량적 분사량을 확인하였다. 이송 가스와 금속분말의 혼합 성능을 개선하여 균일한 분사를 하고자 이송 가스를 25 Hz로 가진 하여 공급하였고 가진이 없는 경우의 실험결과와 비교하였다.

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A Study on Combustion Performance by the Shape of Slit of the Canted Slit Type Pintle Injector (기울어진 슬릿을 가지는 핀틀 분사기의 슬릿 형상에 따른 연소성능에 관한 연구)

  • Yu, Isang;Choi, Jiseon;Kim, Taewoan;Ko, Youngsung;Kim, Sunhoon;Kim, Hyungmo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.111-118
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    • 2017
  • In this paper, combustion tests were performed to investigate performance characteristics of a canted slit-type pintle injector engine which uses kerosene and liquid oxygen as propellants. The number of slits, slit angle and blockage factor were chosen as design variables of the pintle injector. ${\Delta}SR$ was newly defined as the difference of skip ratio caused by both sides of the tip of the canted slit. The experimental results showed that optimal combustion was performed when the blockage factor is about 1 and the difference is less than 0.26.

High Pressure Spray and Combustion Characteristics of Throttleable Pintle Injector (가변추력 핀틀 분사기의 고압 분무 및 연소특성)

  • Kim, Dae Hwan;Heo, Subeom;Kim, Inho;Hwang, Donghyun;Kang, Cheolwoong;Lee, Shinwoo;Ahn, Kyubok;Yoon, Youngbin
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.60-71
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    • 2022
  • The reusable, low-cost launch vehicle development trend in the recent launch vehicle market is being subdivided into several ways, and the throttleable engine is one of them. Plus, several nations have selected methane as a next-generation propellant due to its cleanness. In this research, a throttleable pintle injector using gas methane and liquid oxygen as propellants was developed, followed by its spray and combustion characteristics analysis, including high pressure cold and hot tests. The designed throttleable pintle injector has a double sleeve structure, and its tightness and functionality are confirmed through repetitive atmospheric, high-pressure cold tests, and hot tests. Though some design errors were discovered and a low throttling level was unable to be achieved in the combustion test.

Effects of Propellant Phases on Atmospheric Spray Characteristics of a Pintle Injector for Throttleable Rocket Engines (가변 추력용 핀틀 분사기에서 추진제 상에 따른 상압분무 특성)

  • Yu, Kijeong;Son, Min;Radhakrishnan, Kanmaniraja;Kim, Heuy Dong;Koo, Jaye
    • Journal of ILASS-Korea
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.13-19
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    • 2016
  • Atmospheric spray characteristics were experimentally compared between liquid-gas and liquid-liquid sprays of a pintle injector. In order to study spray characteristics, water and air were used as the simulants and the visualization technic was adopted. Spray images were acquired by using a backlight method by a high-resolution CMOS camera. As a result, when the pintle opening distance increased, liquid sheets became unstabled and fluttering droplets increased. In the liquid-gas case, the breakup performance increased as the pressure of gas injected from the annular orifice increased. In the liquid-liquid case, atomization efficiency decreased as the pressure of liquid injected from the annular orifice increased. Spray angles presented a similar trend between two cases. At the same momentum ratio, the spray angle of liquid-liquid case was lower than the angle of liquid-gas case.

Study on Spray Angle of a Throttleable Pintle Injector according to Total Momentum Ratio based on Hot Fire Test Conditions (연소시험 조건 기반 총운동량비에 따른 가변추력 핀틀 분사기의 분무각 분석)

  • Heo, Subeom;Kim, Dae Hwan;Lee, Suji;Yoon, Youngbin
    • Journal of ILASS-Korea
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.126-131
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    • 2020
  • Throttleable rocket engines are in high demand due to the diversification of space missions. Pintle injector is known to be suitable for throttleable rocket engines, because of its high efficiency in overall thrust zone. In this study, the relationship between spray angle of a throttleable pintle injector and total momentum ratio based on hot fire test conditions was investigated. As a result, the spray angle in 100% and 60% throttling level is higher than the spray angle obtained by the case which considers only propellant mass flow rate, owing to higher total momentum ratio (TMR). The results of this study may be useful for predicting spray angle in hot fire test.