• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.196-196
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• 2011

산림연료 특성별 산불피해도 분석을 위하여 산불피해의 조사지역은 2009년, 2010년 산불이 발생했던 강원도 고성지역과 양양지역, 강릉지역과 삼척지역을 조사 대상지역으로 선정하였으며, 고성군의 경우 숲구조가 유령림인 활엽수림이 2개소, 칩엽수림 1개소, 장령림인 활엽수림 2개소로 총 5개소, 양양군은 숲구조가 유령림인 침엽수림이 1개소, 장령림 침엽수림 2개소 총 3개소, 삼척시의 경우는 숲구조가 유령림인 침엽수림이 1개소 외 대조구 장령림 침엽수림 1개소, 강릉시의 경우 숲구조가 장령림인 침엽수림이 3개소 총 13개소를 각각 대상지로 선정하였다. 산림연료 특성별 산불피해도를 조사하기 위한 조사지 규모는 $10m{\times}10m$로 하였으며, 현장 조사 항목은 조사지내의 산불피해 상태, 조사지 지형특성으로 나누어 조사를 실시하였다. 산불피해 상태는 산불진행방향, DBH, 총수고, 지하고, 고사여부, 편면연소, 밀도, 수간피해율, 수관피해율 등을 조사하였고, 조사지의 지형특성을 알아보기 위해 조사지의 위치(GPS), 해발고도, 사면방위, 산지경사, 지형을 조사하였다. 현장조사를 위한 조사장비로는 조사지의 지형도, 야장, 디지털 카메라, GPS, 수고측정기, 직경테이프, 캘리퍼, 50m 줄자 2개, 2m 폴대, 클리노메타, 바인더끈 등을 사용하였다. 산불사례 현장조사를 통해 임목고사여부, 편면연소, 수간피해율, 수관피해율 등의 산불피해 특성을 분석한 결과 연료의 특성별 유령림과 장령림의 편면연소율은 유령림은 97.3%, 장령림은 16.5%로 유령림의 편면연소율이 장령림보다 80.8% 더 피해를 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 수관피해율은 유령림은 95.4%, 장령림은 19.9%로 유령림의 수관피해율이 장령림보다 75.5%더 피해를 입은 것으로 조사 되었다. 또한 임목고사율은 유령림은 73.8%, 장령림은 24.5%로 유령림의 임목고사율이 장령림보다 49.3% 더 피해를 받는 것으로 분석 되었다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.379-382
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• 2011

The damage rates of peach pyralid moth(Dichocrocis punctiferalis), which damages the chestnut fruits, were investigated annually from 1995 to 2010 according to year, region, and maturity. The damage rate by D. punctiferalis was the highest (34.5%) in 1998 and was the lowest (17.9%) in 2000. The pattern of the damage rate showed a repeating three-year cycle. There was a negative correlation ($-0.6261^*$) between rainfall and damage rate. There was a positive correlation ($0.5826^*$) between temperature and damage rate. The average damage rate of all surveyed regions was 22.2%. Of the surveyed areas, Hapcheon had the highest at 27% and Hamyang had the lowest at 15.0%. The damage rate of chestnut fruit depending on the maturity was 26.1% in an early maturing cultivar (Dantaek), and 19.3% and 21.1% in a late maturing cultivar (Eungi) and a medium maturing cultivar (Chukpa), respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.421-425
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• 2011

산불연료 조건에 따른 산불특성 분석을 위하여 산불피해의 조사지역은 2009년, 2010년 산불이 발생했던 강원도 고성지역과 양양지역, 강릉지역과 삼척지역을 조사 대상지역으로 선정하였으며, 고성군의 경우 활엽수림이 4개소, 칩엽수림 1개소, 양양군은 침엽수림이 3개소, 삼척시의 경우는 침엽수림이 2개소, 강릉시의 경우 침엽수림이 3개소 총 13개소를 각각 대상지로 선정하였다. 산불사례 현장조사를 통해 임목고사여부, 편면연소, 수간피해율, 수관피해율 등의 산불피해 특성을 분석한 결과 연료의 임상구조에 따른 편면연소율은 침엽수림은 67.4%, 활엽수림 47.9%로 침엽수림의 편면연소율이 활엽수림보다 19.5% 더 피해를 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 수관피해율은 침엽수림은 51.1%, 활엽수림 44.2%로 침엽수림의 수관피해율이 활엽수림보다 6.9% 더 피해를 받는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 임목고사율은 침엽수림은 44.0%, 활엽수림은 42.3%로 침엽수림의 임목고사율이 활엽수림보다 1.7% 더 피해를 받는 것으로 분석 되었다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.95-100
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• 2009

This study was conducted to develop environmentally friendly control techniques to reduce chestnut insect pests. The study sites were selected in intensive chestnut orchards of Jinju city, Gyeongnam province. In early and middle-ripening cultivars of chestnut tree, the damage of chestnut fruits by Dichocrocis punctiferalis was significantly lower in wromstop than other treatment such as wromstop+wood vinegar, Capture-machine (p<0.05), While there was no significant difference among treatments in late-ripening cultivars. The hight control effect for D. punctiferalis was showed the highest in wromstop treanment with 40.49% and 41.89% in early and late-ripening cultivars. The control effects for Curculio sikkimensis in late-ripening cultivars of chestnut tree were 34.59% in wromstop imidacloprid treatment and 28.94% in air control treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.230-230
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• 2011

2000년대 들어 가장 이슈화된 용어는 수십년 이상 사용해오고 있는 기상이변, 기후변화일 것이다. 이는 지구 온난화, 온실효과 등으로 인한 이산화탄소의 증가, 오존층 파괴, 해수온도 상승 등이 주요한 원인일 것이다. 수문학적 측면에서는 짧은 강우지속기간 동안 큰 강우강도를 갖는 집중 호우 및 국지성 호우와 해수온도 상승으로 강력한 규모의 태풍발생, 태풍지속기간을 연장하는 현상이 지속적으로 발생하고 있다. 이러한 극한 강우 발생사상으로 인해 홍수발생 위험요소가 증대하고, 홍수피해 규모가 커지고 있으며, 따라서 그동안 수립해오던 치수대책 방안에 기상변화, 홍수 피해 규모 증대 등을 고려해야 한다. 또한, 치수대책 수립의 적절한 판단기준을 수문학적 측면뿐만 아니라 사회, 경제적 요소를 고려하여 수립함으로써 정책 입안자나 설계자가 객관적인 지표를 통해 적절한 치수대책을 수립해야 할 것이다. 기존 인명손실 관련 연구결과 외에 다양한 국내 통계자료를 이용하여 직접피해액 산정이 가능하다. 본 연구는 치수대책 평가시스템 구축 연구의 한 부분으로 5개년으로 계획되어 있다. 연구 목표 : 통계자료를 이용한 직접피해액 산정 1. 지역별 다양한 자산 산정 - 건축물 자료 조사 - 내구재 및 농작물 등의 자료 조사 2. 자산별 피해율 산정 조사 - 건축물 자산의 피해율 조사 - 내구재 및 농작물 등의 침수심에 따른 피해율 조사

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 2008

This study was conducted to develop environmental techniques to reduce chestnut insect pests. The study sites were selected in intensive chestnut orchards of Jinju city, Gyeongnam province. In early and middleripening cultivars of chestnut tree, the damage of chestnut fruits by Dichocrocis punctiferalis was significantly lower in wromstop than other treatment such as Capture-machine, Nemacatch and Naphthalene (p<0.05), while there was no significant difference among treatments in late-ripening cultivars. The control effect of D. punctiferalis showed the highest in wormstop treanment with 90.68% and 80.58% in early and middle-ripening cultivars. The control effects for Curculio sikkimensis in late-ripening cultivars of chestnut tree was 80.58% in Nemacatch and 77.90% in Wormstop treatment.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.18 no.2 s.39
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• pp.101-106
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• 1979

Present studies were carried out to get a basic information for biological control of soybean rod borer, Grapholitha glycinivorella Matsumura, causing main injury in soybean cultivation in Korea. 1474 native strains were cultivated in field to evaluate the pod borer damage. Pubescence density and color, maturity group, seed coat color, aphid and general leaf damage and seed damage by pod borer were investigated, and determined among their relationships. As another basic study for ecological control of insect, 6 leading varieties were planted on different planting date with 3 levels of plant spacing, on which pod borer damage and some related agronomic characters were studied. The results obtained one summarized as follows: Average injury of soybean pod borer was $5.2\%$ ranging $0-38\%$ in 1474 strains planted on 20 May. Non-significant correlations were found between pod borer damage and pubescence density and color, while pod borer damage closely related with maturity groupand aphid damage at $5\%$ level ofttests. Most severe damage was found in green seed coast color and maturity group V. Late and sparse plantings tend to have more damages to the pod borer than those of early and dense plantings. Pod setting date and period of pod maturing seemed related with pod borer damage. Bongeui and Chungbuk-baik cultivars were resistance to soybean pod borer, while Clark and Kumkang-daerip were susceptible in field tests.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.455-463
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• 1996

Studies were carried out to determine the effect of sulfur dioxide on leaf injury and yield of ten soybean cultivars. Plants were fumigated with 2.0 ppm of $SO_2$ for 4 or 8 h in a closed-top field chamber. In the comparison of foliar injury, Paldalkong and Eunhakong were more susceptible to $SO_2$ than Bogwangkong, Jangsukong, and Jangkeungkong. Correlations between chlorophyll contents, peroxidase activity, and stomatal resistance of leaves and foliar susceptibility were insignificant. However, significant correlations $(r=-0.611^{\ast})$ were found between superoxide dismutase activity and foliar injury rates. Dry weight, number of pods and total grains were significantly reduced by $SO_2$ fumigation but plant height, number of nods and weight of 100 grains were not affected. Yield reduction rates were higher in Eunhakong and Paldalkong than in Bogwangkong and Jangkeungkong. A liniar relationship was found between foliar injury rate and the percent crop loss with a significant coefficient of b=-1.17 in the susceptible cultivar of Paldalkong, but Bogwangkong, insusceptible cultivar, showed lower value of -0.165.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.113-124
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• 2009

This study has attempted to calculate the intensity of illumination for the optimal growth environment of indoor plants after analyzing both damage to plant species and growth conditions as impacted by light conditions for the Kyobo Life Insurance greenhouse. The optical intensity of illumination has been estimated after investigating the problems of growth conditions based on an analysis of illumination by light condition, dead tree replacement cycle(weeks) and rate of damage of plant species. According to the investigation of illumination, the lowest difference was observed between the shaded spot in the south(531lux) and the sunny spot(602lux) while the largest difference(nearly 500lux) was detected between the shaded spot in the central area(210lux) and the sunny spot(782lux). According to an analysis of dead trees from 1990 to 2004, in terms of dead tree replacement cycle, Viburnum awabuki was the highest(161weeks), followed by Phyllostachys spp.(84weeks), Camellia japonica and Ternstroemia japonica(40weeks). Regardless of plant species, damage rate of plant were lower in the shaded spot and higher in the sunny spot. According to correlation and regression analyses with the intensity of illumination as an independent variable and the damage rate of plant species as a dependent variable, the damage rate of plant species increased as the intensity of illumination decreased. A dramatic decline in the rate of damage was observed at $500{\sim}600lux$. At 700lux, it reached the lowest level.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.386-395
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• 1992

The black pine bast scale, Matsucoccus thunbergianae, causes severe damage to the black pines of southern coastal areas. It has one generation a year, coming out of the pine bark to mate a and lay eggs from early March to early May. Especially, its peak time is from late March to m mid-April. The host plants were found to be 7 species, Pinus thunbergii, P. strobus, P. taeda, P. b banksiana, P. massoniana, P. taiwannesis, and P. densiflora. The percentage of damaged black p pine by the age were 0.8% for I-year old ones, 3.7% for 4-6 years, 5.2% for 7-9 years, 9.3% f for 10-12 years, 8.1% for 13-15 years, 7.8% for 16-18 years, 6.7% for 19-21 years, 3.3% for 2 22-24 years, 1.9% for 25-27 years, and 1.1 % for 28 years. The highest rate of damage happened to 7 -20 years old trees, whereas the highest rate of damage upon branches happened to 6 6-7 years old ones. Finally, as far as the trunk is concerned, the damages proceeded from the m middle parts of the trunk, whose branches were alive up to the top. The rates of damage s spread in pure forest/mixed forest area were turned out to be 81.3/52.5% in Koheung, 80.3/ 5 58.1 % in Haenam, and 76.3/48.5% in Muan. That is, the damage rate was higher in the pure f forest areas than the mixed forest ones. The higher the density of trees beyond 20 trees per m 100$m^2$, the higher the damage rate was.