• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.90-96
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• 2008

The histological morphology on the skin of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus was described in the three regions such as dorsal, lateral, occiput and subsequently morphological variations of the skin were monthly observed for a year. The skin consisted of epidermis having epithelial cell, club cell and mucus cell, and dermis of mainly connective tissue fiber, embedded scale and blood capillary. Unicellular mucus cells situated at the epidermis underwent seasonal change in its size, as well as number and amounts of mucus-secreting materials, which they greatly increased in winter, but did not in summer. As it is getting cold, the mucus cells' shape changed from initial spherical to oval or elongated form. Such considerable changes in the mucus cell were particularly most evident in the occiput during winter. Moreover, the dermis largely thickened about 2~3 times in winter than in summer. Based on these results, we discussed function for the mucus on what it mainly acts in nature and information on whether mucus cells' seasonal variations affect on hibernation and cutaneous respiration.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2002

As for planning the radiation therapy for the tumor in the lung, inferring the motion of the organ or target due to the respiration from the motion of the skin was performed as the feasibility study with the animal. The dog weighed 20 kg was chosen for the experiment. The system, which can use the fluoroscopy and the CCD camera synchronously, was designed. With a radio-opaque marker on the skin of the dog, which indicates the lower lobe of the lung, the images of the motions for the lung were recorded in the A/P (anterior-to-posterior) and lateral view. At the same time, the images of the skin motions from CCD camera were also recorded. Skin moves periodically with the amplitude of 6 mm and the target in the lung made almost the same frequencies during its motion's amplitude of 15 mm and its direction change with the respiration. Therefore analyzed results showed strong correlation between the skin motion and the organ motion on the average of 0.85. This study indicated that the prediction of a target position in the lung, which is moving organ, is possible. For the animal study, predicting the exact target motion from the skin motion was possible and it can have the feasibility to apply to the patient clinically.

• 월간산업보건
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• s.292
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• pp.11-15
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• 2012

페놀의 작업 노출에 대한 TLV-TWA는 5ppm ($19mg/m^3$)으로 눈과 호흡기계의 자극과 함께 심장, 간, 신경 독성 영향을 최소화하기 위해 설정되었다. 페놀은 증기상과 액상 또는 고체상 형태로 피부에 접촉되면 흡수되어 심각한 계통 영향을 유발하여 최종적으로 사망에 이르게 한다. 피부를 통한 흡수율은 흡입에 의한 체내 흡수율과 거의 동일한 수준이다. 따라서 현재 Skin notation(피부흡수 경고) 물질로 지정되어 있다. 발암성 여부를 결정하기 위한 동물 실험 결과에서는 음성 또는 발암성을 판정하기에는 데이터가 부족한 관계로 A4로 지정되어 있다. 또한 SEN과 TLV-STEL도 유용한 자료의 부족으로 아직 설정되지 않고 있다. 페놀은 BEIs로 활용될 수 있는 기질 중 하나이다.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2009

Histological investigation of seasonal changes of the mucus cells of ricefield-dwelling mud loach Misgurnus mizolepis was carried out on the skin in three regions of the fish: dorsal, lateral, and occipital. Although there were no significant differences in general morphology, the mucus cells of the epidermis showed a severe change in size and number by skin region. The density of the mucus cells was generally the highest in winter and the lowest in summer in all three skin regions. In particular, during two distinct periods, March to April when water is supplied to the ricefields, and August to September when the ricefields become dry after harvest, showed that the change in density and distribution of the mucus cells in both lateral and occipital regions is greater than during any other period. Moreover, the mucus cells for the dorsal and occipital regions temporally increased in size in June during the period of the highest water temperature of the year. Therefore, we may consider these seasonal changes as part of a protective adaptation to overcome extreme environmental conditions and to increase uptake of oxygen by cutaneous respiration.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.286-293
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: 18% of difenoconazole+iminoctadin triacetate microemulsion (3%+15%) formulation were mixed and sprayed as closely as possible to normal practice on the ten of farms located in the Youngju of South Korea. Patches, cotton gloves, socks, masks and XAD-2 resin were used to measure the potential exposure for applicators wearing standardized whole-body outer and inner dosimeter (WBD). This study has been carried out to determine the dermal and inhalation exposure to difenoconazole during preparation of spray suspension and application with a power sprayer on a grape orchard. METHODS AND RESULTS: A personal air monitor equipped with an air pump IOM sampler and cassette and glass fiber filter were used for inhalation exposure. The field studies were carried out in a grape orchard. The temperature and relative humidity were monitored with a thermometer and a hygrometer. Wind speed was measured using a pocket weather meter. All mean field fortification recoveries were between 97.3% and 119.6% in the level of 100 LOQ (limit of quantification) while the LOQ for difenoconazole was $0.025{\mu}g/mL$ using HPLC-UVD. The arms exposure to difenoconazole for the mixer/loader (0.0794 mg) was higher than other body parts (head, hands, upper body, legs). The exposure to difenoconazole in the legs for applicator (3.78 mg) was highest in the parts of body. The dermal exposure for mixer/loader and applicator were 0.02 and 2.28 mg on a grape orchard, respectively. The inhalation exposure during application was estimated as 0.02 mg. The ratio of inhalation exposure to dermal exposure was equivalent to 0.9% of the dermal exposure. CONCLUSION: The inhalation exposure for applicator indicated $18.8{\times}10^{-3}mg$, which was level of 0.9% of the dermal exposure (2.28 mg). Operator exposure (0.004 mg/kg bw/day) to difenoconazole during treatment for grape is calculated as 2.5% of the established AOEL (0.16 mg/kg bw/day).

• 농업기술회보
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.19-20
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• 2014

농업인들이 병해충을 방제하기 위해 농약을 살포하는 과정에서 농약이 손이나 피부에 묻거나 호흡을 통해 마시게 된다. 최근 농작업 중 농약을 살포하는 농업인에 대한 건강이 주요 관심사가 되고 있다. 농약으로부터 농업인의 건강을 보호하기 위한 제도와 앞으로 해야 할 일이 무엇인지를 알아보고자 한다.

• 월간산업보건
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• s.275
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• pp.29-31
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• 2011

Perchloryl fluoride의 직업적 노출기준 TLV-TWA 3 ppm(13 $mg/m^3$)과 TLV-STEL 6 ppm (25 $mg/m^3$)은 hydrogen fluoride와의 구조 유사성을 근거로 권고하였다. 이 수준은 호흡기계 기관지 자극 가능성을 최소화하는 수준이며 이는 실험동물 연구를 기초하였다. Perchloryl fluoride에 노출된 개, 몰모트, 흰쥐 그리고 생쥐에서 유발된 독성 증상 및 징후는 폐충혈, 부종, 호흡곤란, 청색증 그리고 비장, 간, 신장, 골수에서의 혈철소증이다. TLV-STEL은 폐에 대한 악영향과 플루오르 침착증에 대한 안전을 좀 더 확보하기 위하여 권고하였다. "피부흡수(skin)"와 "감작제(SEN)" 그리고 발암성에 대한 경고주석을 설정하기에는 유용한 자료가 부족하다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.49-51
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• 2000

오존은 온도가 높고 태양 빛이 강한 여름철에 휘발성 유기화합물(Volatile Organic Compounds)과 질소화합물(NOx)의 광 화학 반응으로 생성되는 이차적 공해물질(Secondary Air Pollutant)이다. 성층권에 존재하는 오존은 피부암을 유발시키는 강한 자외선을 차단하고 흡수하는 고마운 존재이지만, 급속한 산업발달로 다량의 공해물질유출로 인해 생성된 지표면상의 오존은 대단히 유독해서 높은 농도에서 장시간 호흡 시 호흡기관의 장애는 물론이고 치사까지 이르게 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.335-336
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• 2003

대부분의 어류는 풍부한 수량과 용존산소를 가지는 환경에서 아가미를 이용하여 수중호흡을 수행하고 있다. 그러나 일부 어류는 가뭄이나 일시적인 수량의 감소로 인하여 용존산소가 결핍된 환경에서 서식하고 있을 뿐 아니라 특히 Mudskipper로 알려진 말뚝망둑어 Periphthalmus modestus와 큰볏말뚝망둑어 P. magnuspinnatus 등은 낮동안에 물 속에서 육상의 갯벌로 나와 활동하는 독특한 이중생활(Amphibious life)을 보이고 있다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.6-9
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• 2001

집중도를 평가하기 위하여 피험자에게 집중을 유발시키는 3가지 task(단기기억작업, Corsi block tapping task, visuomotor task)를 부가하고 주관평가 및 생리신호(뇌파, 심전도, 맥파, 피부온도, 호흡, 피부전도도)를 측정하였다. 뇌파를 mapping하여 평가에 적합한 전극이 위치를 선정하고, task 수행중 집중도 변화와 짐전도의 심박변화와의 관계를 분석하였다. 분석결과 안정과 task 수행시 뇌파 mapping상 전체 power의 변호가 frontal 부분에서 크게 나타났으며, 집중시 R-R 간격의 순간간격변화가 줄어들었다.