• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.608-614
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• 2013

We investigated the anti-wrinkle activity of an 80% ethanol extract of Curdrania tricuspidata leaves (CTL80) on ultraviolet-induced photoaging in hairless mice. Skin wrinkles were induced by 10 weeks of UVB-irradiation on the back of Skh-1 hairless mice three times a week. Mice were divided into ten groups; normal control (-UVB), UVB irradiated control group (+UVB), dietary groups (UVB+ascorbic acid 0.1%, UVB+CTL80 0.1%, UVB+CTL80 0.25%) and topical application groups (-UVB+base lotion (BL), UVB+BL, UVB+ascorbic acid 1%+BL, UVB+CTL80 1%+BL, UVB+CTL80 2%+BL). Wrinkle formation, histological changes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9) were analyzed. Wrinkles for the +UVB groups formed as a pattern of deep furrows and thick crests. Wrinkles with CTL80 treatment formed as a pattern of shallow furrows and thin crests, with wrinkle areas were lower than the +UVB group. In an antioxidant analysis of mouse blood, SOD and GSH-Px activities were significantly higher in the CTL80 topical application group compared to the +UVB group. The mRNA expression of MMPs in the +UVB group was significantly higher than the normal control group, and significantly lower in the CTL80-treated group. In conclusion, CTL80 exerted anti-wrinkle activity on ultraviolet-induced photoaging by regulating antioxidative defense systems and MMPs expression.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.302-306
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• 2001

The possibility of biomaterials prepared from natural polymer as a skin substitute was evaluated by measuring biocompatibility. Biodegradable films were prepared by solution blend method in the weight ratio of chitosan for the purpose of useful biomaterials. These films were inserted in the back of rat and their biodegradability was investigated by the film weight and hematology as a function of time for the biotransformation. The result of rat test showed that medium, high viscosity chitosan induced some suspects of inbiocompatibililty in the tissue by foreign body reaction 48 and 72 hours after implantation. Also, we prepared the official burn ointment which is made by low viscosity chitosan. This burn ointment was covered on the skin wound of artificial burn and their effect of healing was investigated by the evaluation of the naked eye and hematological change as a function of time. The result of rats test showed that burn ointments made from chitosan was effective reduction of inflammation than negative group.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.189-189
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• 2011

최근 공동주택은 보편적인 도시주거 유형으로 자리매김 하고 있지만, 성장 위주의 경제 산업 정책에 따른 안전의식미약, 사회구조개편에 따른 급격한 증가, 생활환경 변화와 에너지 사용 증가 등 화재 유발인자의 다양화로 인해 인적 물적 피해가 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 특히 다른 건물들과는 달리 공동주택의 거주자가 유아, 노인, 신체장애자 등 다양한 인적 구성의 형태로 이루어져 있어서 화재 발생 건수에 비해 인명피해가 월등히 높은 편이다. 공동주택에서의 화재에 대한 위험성을 인식하고, 그에 대한 인적 물적 피해를 최소화하기 위한 대책 마련이 시급하다. 본 논문은 CFAST(Consolidated Model of Fire Growth and Smoke Transport)를 사용하여 공동주택을 대상으로 실물 화재 실험을 실시하고 공간화재에서의 화재 성상을 파악하여 화재 시 개구부의 개폐 여부에 따라 발생되는 산소와 이산화탄소의 농도와 온도가 인체에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아본다. 개구부를 개방 했을 경우에 외부창문의 개폐 여부에 상관없이 모든 방의 온도 분포가 뚜렷하게 나타났지만 개구부를 폐쇄 할 경우에는 발화지점인 거실의 온도 분포만 나타났다. Flashover현상과 Back Draft현상은 개구부의 개폐여부에 상관없이 외부 창문을 폐쇄 했을 경우에 나타났지만 특히 모든 개구부와 외부창문을 폐쇄 했을 경우에 더욱 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 각 실은 점화 후 4분경에 최고 온도를 보였으며 다른 방에 비해 발화지점인 거실의 온도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 온도에 의해서는 두 가지 영향이 일어날 수 있는데, 하나는 비교적 장시간에 걸쳐 발생하는 열응력이고, 다른 하나는 짧은 시간에 발생할 수 있는 화상이다. 만약 피부온도가 $45^{\circ}C$에 이르면 인체는 고통을 느끼게 되며, 이보다 더 높은 온도에서는 깊은 피부조직까지 손상을 줄 수 있다. 움직이지 않는 사람에 대한 고통 유발 임계온도는 약 $200^{\circ}C$이며, 인체는 땀의 발산으로 온도에 대한 내성이 증가하지만 이체가 장시간 열을 받으면 사망에 이를 수 있다. 결론적으로 공동 주택을 대상으로 CFAST를 이용해 분석한 결과 플래쉬오버 현상으로 인해 화재가 성장하여 급격히 온도가 상승하다가, 산소 부족으로 인해 화재가 성장하지 않고 온도가 떨어지는 것을 알 수 있다. 화재 시 온도, 산소, 이산화탄소를 고려하였을 때 약 3분 이내에 대피해야 온도 및 가스로 인한 피해를 줄일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.221-233
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• 2005

Background and Objectives : Despite of high prevalence, Tinnitus remains obscure because the cause and mechanism is poorly understood. In the absence of a suitable animal model, past investigations tool place in humans. Recently, the animal model with sodium salicylate ototoxicity is broadly used because of its reversibility. Balyangtongum-Tang had been used clinically to treat tinnitus and other hearing problems. We investigated the effects of Balyangtongum-Tang on cochlear morphologic change induced by sodium salicylate ototoxicity and were to find out its therapeutic effects on ototoxicity in rat model. Materials and Methods : Healthy ten Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal(2), control(4) and sample(4) groups. The sample group was given extract of Balyangtongum - Tang(1cc/100g) once a day for 4 days. After 3 hours when last medication were given, the sample and control groups were injected intraperitoneally with sodium salicylate(500mg/kg). We observed the cochlear morphologic changes of rats every 1, 2, 3 and 5 hours after injection. Results : The electron microscopic finding of outer hair cell shows some changes in the curticular plate and cytoplasm. Some vacuoles were found in the control and sample groups. Vacuolization in the curticular plate and cytoplasm of the sample group after 3, 5 hours were similar to the control group. But the curticular plate of the sample group after 1, 2 hours did not from vacuole. On the other hand the control group after 1, 2 hours formed vacuoles in the curticular plate. Light microscopic findings of cochlear duct in control and sample groups didn't find any difference. Conclusion : The results suggest that extract of Balyangtongum-Tang reduces the morphologic changes induced by sodium salicylate ototoxicity and the effects are remarkable in frist 2 hours. However the effective times are different with previous studies, it seems to due to the difference of tolerance and sensitivity of laboratory animals.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.9B no.5
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• pp.563-570
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• 2002

Robust extraction of 3D facial features and global motion information from 2D image sequence for the MPEG-4 SNHC face model encoding is described. The facial regions are detected from image sequence using multi-modal fusion technique that combines range, color and motion information. 23 facial features among the MPEG-4 FDP (Face Definition Parameters) are extracted automatically inside the facial region using color transform (GSCD, BWCD) and morphological processing. The extracted facial features are used to recover the 3D shape and global motion of the object using paraperspective camera model and SVD (Singular Value Decomposition) factorization method. A 3D synthetic object is designed and tested to show the performance of proposed algorithm. The recovered 3D motion information is transformed into global motion parameters of FAP (Face Animation Parameters) of the MPEG-4 to synchronize a generic face model with a real face.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.975-985
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• 2017

To investigate the beneficial effects of an agar gel mask (AGM) on UV-induced photoaging, SKH-1 hairless mice were treated with a topical application of AGM and an AGM dipped in essence (AGMdE). The mice were divided into an no radiation group, UV + AGM, UV + AGMdE, and UV + vehicle (PBS) treatment groups. Alterations in skin wrinkles, skin phenotype, histological structures, oxidative status, and toxicity were then evaluated during 4 weeks of exposure. The topical application of AGM and AGMdE inhibited wrinkle formation, suppressed the erythema index, prevented transepidermal water loss, and enhanced skin hydration. In addition, epidermal thickness recovered to a similar level as that in the no irradiation group in the UV + AGM and UV + AGMdE treatment groups compared with the UV + vehicle (distilled water) group. Furthermore, the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and tyrosinase were reduced in the UV + AGM and UV + AGMdE treatment groups, although the highest level varied. Moreover, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly lower in the UV + AGM and UV + AGMdE treatment groups as compared with the UV + vehicle group. No significant alterations induced by most toxic compounds were measured in serum biochemical markers and liver and kidney histological features of the UV + AGM and UV + AGMdE treatment groups. These results suggest that AGM may protect against skin aging by regulating skin morphology, histopathological structures, and oxidative conditions.

• Journal of Korean Living Environment System
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.89-100
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• 2009

The present study was designed to observe the thermal dynamics of core and skin temperatures during sub-maximal treadmill exercise; to investigate the effect of regional body cooling during short rest after the treadmill exercise on the thermal dynamics. Three conditions (No cooling, Head/Hand cooling, Leg cooling) were simulated in a climatic chamber at 24±1℃ and 50±5%RH. Subjects performed two bouts of treadmill exercise at a rate of 80%HR_max followed by rest. Body cooling with a hood, long gloves, and a blanket that circulated water set at 15℃ was assigned during two bouts of rest. The results showed that (1) rectal temperature (T_re) did not show significant difference between three conditions; (2) Skin temperatures had specific features, depending on body regions. In particular, the initial fall phenomena of skin temperatures at the onset of exercise were noteworthy in the chest, thigh, calf, and finger tip. Of these, the most significant initial fall was found in finger temperature (T_fing). (3) During the period of the initial fall in skin temperatures, T_re gradually increased. (4) The magnitude of the fall of T_fing at the onset of 2^nd running was on average 4.8, 5.1 and 3.4℃ for Control, HH cooling, and Leg cooling, respectively (p<0.05). The initial drop of T_fing at the onset of running was maintained for an average of 8.1, 7.9 and 6.3 minutes for Control, HH cooling, and Leg cooling, with no significant differences. In conclusion, the initial fall phenomena at the onset of treadmill exercise reflected non-thermal factors, as opposed to internal thermal status. The magnitude of the initial fall in T_fing was affected by legs cooling. Therefore, the initial fall phenomenon should be considered when interpreting the thermal status of the shell during heavy works/exercises that assigned with intermittent regional body cooling.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.205-218
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• 2009

This experiment was performed to evaluate the morphological responses of the gastric epithelial cells of the mouse, inoculated with Ehrlich carcinoma cells in the inguinal area, following administration of BCG. Healthy adult ICR mice weighing 25 gm each were divided into normal and experimental groups (tumor control group and BCG-treated group). In the experimental groups, each mouse was inoculated with $1{\times}10^7$ Ehrlich carcinoma cells subcutaneously in the inguinal area. From next day after inoculations, 0.2 mL of saline or BCG (0.5 mL/25 g B.W.: $0.03{\times}10^8{\sim}0.32{\times}10^8$ CFU) were injected subcutaneously to the animals every other day, respectively. The day following the 7th injection of saline or BCG, each mouse was injected with a single dose of 0.7 ${\mu}Ci/g$ of methyl-$^3H$-thymidine (25 Ci/mmol, Amersham Lab., England) through tail vein. Seventy minutes after the thymidine injection, animals were sacrificed, and gastric tissues were taken and fixed in 10% neutral formalin. Deparaffinized sections were coated with autoradiographic emulsion EM-1 (Amersham Lab., England) in a dark room. The number of labeled epithelial cells in the gastric mucosae (mean number of labeled epithelial cells per 3.5 mm length of mucosa) were observed and calculated. And for electron microscopic observation, gastric tissues were prefixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde solution, followed by post-fixation with 1% osmium tetroxide solution. On the light microscopic study, gastric mucosae had no morphological changes following the injection of BCG. On the electron microscopic study, in the BCG-treated mice, myelin figures and multivesicular bodies within the gastric epithelial cells were observed more frequently than in those of the normal control ones. On the autoradiographic study, number of the labeled cells of normal control, tumor control and BCG-treated mice were 380.2 (${\pm}31.35$), 426.1 (${\pm}28.43$) and 301.8 (${\pm}34.63$), respectively. In the BCG-treated mice, poorly-labeled cells containing only a few silver grains of 3H-thymidine were observed more frequently as compared in those of the normal control and tumor control ones. From the above results, BCG may suppress the DNA synthesis of the gastric epithelial cells, but does not results severe fine structural defect on the gastric epithelial cells. These results suggest that BCG is expected as one of the effective supplemental anticancer drugs.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.47-54
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• 2001

This study is to analyze the impedance response in human body by acoustic stimulation on acupoints and contrast parte; for objectification of the meridian substance. It is to verify meridian pathway and channel theory or bio-energy in body. This paper proposes to make an hypothesis about the underground water theory. The meridian has not tube or pipe line type channel but bio-energy flow along the channel similar to flowing pattern of underground water in body. It was analyzed the current characteristic or impedance response after acoustic stimulation by sound wave of 5 specific tones. The response characteristics of current stimulation are measured by the average current magnitude and variation ratio or meridian. The current variation ratio or Live Meridian(gung) 33.2%, Heart Meridian(sang) 30.7% Kidney Meridian (gak) 33.1%, Spleen Meridian(chi) 33.9%, Lung Meridian (wo) 30.7% are to be compared to contrast parts (non-acupoint and meridian). In experimental results, meridian is discrimination to non-meridian, and 5 vital meridians have a reciprocal relationship with sound wave of 5 specific tones.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2015

Ultraviolet radiation (UV) is a major cause of skin photoaging, and effective UV protecting agents are needed for the skin health and beauty. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of Bambusae caulis in Taeniam extract (BCTE) on UVB-induced cell death, oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) expression in cell-based assays. HaCaT human keratinocytes were exposed to UVB in the presence of BCTE at different concentrations and resulting changes in cell viability and biochemical events were determined. The results showed that BCTE enhanced the viabilities of UVB-exposed cells, and attenuated apoptotic events such as cleavage of procaspase 3 to its active form, and the increase of Bax to Bcl-2 ratios. BCTE also attenuated the reactive oxygen generation and lipid peroxidation in cells exposed to UVB. Additionally, it attenuated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 and the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase stimulated by UVB. Conclusively, the present study demonstrated that BCTE pro tected skin cells from the UVB-induced cell death, oxidative stress and MMP1 expression, suggesting its potential use as a cosmetic ingredient mitigating some features of the skin photoaging.