• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.175-180
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• 1995

산업계를 중심으로 많은 직장에서 교대제 근무가 실시되고 있으나, 교대작업에 관한 작업시간의 단축이 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 교대제근무의 도입에 따라 직장내에서 취하는 수면과 이러한 수면후 아침 일찍 작업을 계속하는 경우도 일반화 되고 있다. 일반적으로, 수면시간은 적어도 7시간 정도 취하는 것이 이상적 이라고 일본 후생성 등에서 권장하고 있지만, 직장에 따라서는 심야 근무의 종료시간등의 문제때문에, 반드시 이러한 수면의 장려시간이 지켜지는 경우는 많지 않다. 따라서, 수면량의 부족 및 그에 따른 수면의 질적 저하가 다음날 작업시에 작업자의 심신반응에 좋지않은 영향을 미치게 될것이라는 것은 쉽게 예상할 수가 있다. 이러한 점을 배경으로, 본 연구는 신경감각작업의 대표적인 예의 하나인 열차운전에 종사하는 운전사을 대상으로 새벽에 하는 작업에 대해 전날밤에 취한 수면의 양.부가 작업시에 작업자의 자각적 피로감에 양향을 미친는 가를 사례적으로 연구하여 분석한 것이다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.71-82
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• 2018

Stress involves changes in behavior, autonomic function and the secretion of hormones. Autonomic nervous system (ANS) contributes to physiological adaptive process in short durations. In particular, heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is commonly used as a quantitative marker depicting the ANS activity related to mental stress. The aim of this study is to investigate correlations between psychological responses to stress and HRV indices induced by the cognitive stressor. Thirty-three participants rated their mental and physical symptoms occurred during the past two weeks on Stress Response Inventory (SRI), which is composed of seven stress factors that may influence the status of mental stress levels. Then, they underwent the psychophysiological procedures, which are collected electrocardiogram (ECG) signals during a cognitive stress task. HRV indices, the standard deviation of R-R interval (SDNN), root mean square of successive R-R interval difference (RMSSD) and low frequency (LF)/high frequency (HF) ratio were extracted from ECG signals. Physiological responses were calculated stress responses by subtracting mean of the baseline from the mean of recovery. Stress factors such as tension, aggression, depression, fatigue, and frustration were positively correlated to HRV indices. In particular, aggression had significant positive correlations to SDNN, RMSSD and LF/HF ratio. Increased aggressive responses to stress correlated with the increases of all HRV indices. This means the increased autonomic coactivation. Additionally, tension, depression, fatigue, and frustration were positively associated with RMSSD reflecting increases in parasympathetic activation. The autonomic coactivation may represent an integrated response to specific cognitive reactions such as the orienting response.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.200-204
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• 1998

인간공학 분야는 작업부하로 인한 육체적.정신적인 피로와 주어진 작업에서의 성능 저하, 주위 집중의 저하 등 객관화 가능한 부분을 주로 다루어 왔다. 그러나 최근의 연구들에서는 작업의 환경 등으로 인한 정서상태의 변화에 대한 특정이나, 작업부하로서의 정신부하와 작업환경의 변화 등으로 인한 정서적 반응을 구별하여 이에 대한 활발한 연구가 진행 중이다. 최근 쾌적환경의 연 구들이 여러 분야에서 행하여지고 있고 특히 인간공학 분야에서 작업의 효율성과 작업수행도에 미치는 영향 및 기준들이 제시되고 있다. 그러나 인간이 느끼는 쾌적감이 이러한 환경 기준들 내에서 일정하게 유지되는 것인가, 혹은 단지 쾌적감이라는 명목 하에서의 환경기준이 작업의 효율성에 있어서 최적인가 하는 것이다. 따라서 인간요소 중심에서 쾌적감이란 무엇인가를 정 리해 볼 필요가 있다고 여겨진다. 그럼으로써 쾌적환경의 접근방법에 있어 인간을 주체로하는, 즉 인간특성에 맞는 환경을 고려한다는 관점의 변화를 시도해 보고자 한다.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.181-189
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the stress response and sleep state of the new patients who visit the hospital for prosthodontic treatment due to tooth loss to make reference to further treatment direction. Materials and methods: Examinations, consultations, and surveys were conducted on 236 patients (94 males, 142 females, and 24-86 years old), who newly registered at the department of prosthodontics at Pusan national university hospital, for 2 years from 2018. The number of remaining teeth, edentulous arch, possibility of mastication, and future prosthetic treatment directions were recorded. The visual analogue scale (VAS), stress response inventory (SRI) and Insomnia severity index (ISI) were used as tools to measure patient's subjective discomfort, stress response, and sleep status. Results: Among the entire prosthodontic patient group, the average value of 'fatigue' was significantly higher among the 7 items of SRI, and the value of 'aggression' was significantly lower (P<.001). There are a significant difference between the edentulous and full dentition in the oral discomfort value measured by VAS (P=.004). In cases where less than 20 teeth remain, mastication is impossible, and patients who are planning treatment with removable prostheses, VAS value and 'depression' and 'fatigue' values in SRI were higher than those in the reverse case (P<.05). The patients showed severe level in VAS value have high value of 'tension', 'somatization', 'depression', 'fatigue'and 'frustration'in SRI than non-serious patients (P<.05). Clinical insomnia occurred in 11.4% of all patients, and women had significantly lower sleep quality than men (P=.044). Patients with insomnia showed significantly higher scores on the VAS value and all 7 SRI items than those of normal sleepers (P<.05). Conclusion: The new prosthetics had high 'fatigue' value among the 7 items of SRI. The oral condition, number of residual teeth and mastication function and clinical insomnia affected oral discomfort and the stress response.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.52-62
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• 2014

Prevalence of common three-dimensional display progresses, increasing the demand for three-dimensional content. Starting from the year 2010 to meet increasing 2D to 3D conversion is insufficient to meet demand content was presented as an alternative. But, Convert 2D to 3D stereo effect only emphasizes content production as a three-dimensional visual fatigue and the degradation of the Quality problems are pointed out. In this study, opened in 2011 'Scenes Guan', the 13 selected Scene is made of the three-dimensional transform the content and the Quality of the transformation applied to the Depth-Map is a visual representation of three-dimensional fatigue and, the adequacy of whether the expert has group interviews and surveys were conducted. Many of the changes are applied to the motion picture of the three-dimensional configurations of Depth-Map conversion technology used in many ways before and after the analysis of the relationship of cascade configurations to create a depth map to the stage. Experiments, presented in this study is a three-dimensional configuration of Depth-Map transformation can lower the production of a three-dimensional visual fatigue and improve the results obtained for a reasonable place was more than half of the experiment accepted the expert group to show a positive reaction were. The results of this study with a rapid movement to convert 2D images into 3D images of applying Depth-map configuration cascade manner to reduce the visual fatigue, to increase the efficiency, and has a three-dimensional perception is the result derived.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.74-82
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• 2002

The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of the safety hat on the balance of body temperature by observation of the physiological response under hot working environment. The experiment was carried out in a climate chamber of 3$0^{\circ}C$, 50%RH for 70 minutes. To compare the two kinds of safety hat, 5 healthy male subjects worn safety hat without hole (called 'without hole') or safety hat with hole (called 'with hole') according to a randomized cross-over design. The main results of this study are as fellows: Rectal temperature and heart rate were significantly lower level in 'with hole'than in 'without hole'. The mean skin temperature was significantly higher in 'without hole'than in 'with hole'. Blood pressure were significantly low in 'with hole'. Sweat rate which was measured by weight loss before and after experiment was higher in 'without hole'. In subjective ratings, subjects replied more hot, more uncomfortable and more wet, they felt more fatigue in condition of 'without hole'. Work ability which was measured by a grip strength dynamometer was higher in 'with hole'. Safety hat which can be used for safety of the brain in work place is meaningful device of behavioral thermoregulatory response under the hot working environment. The safety hat which is designed for proper ventilation and hygiene can maintain the homeostasis of body temperature by releasing body temperature efficiently.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.160-167
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• 2001

Purpose : To assess the immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of hepatitis A vaccine ($VAQTA^{TM}$) in healthy children and adolescents. Methods : Eligible subjects aged 2 to 17 years received 25 U/0.5 mL of $VAQTA^{TM}$ intramuscularly at 0 and 24 week schedule. Bleeds were obtained prior to vaccination and 4 weeks after the second dose to ascertain serostatus. To detect antibody to HAV after vaccination with an inactivated HA vaccine, a modification of the $Abbott^{(R)}$ HAVAB kit was used. Sample with titers ${\geq}10$ mIU/mL were considered seroconverted. Adverse experiences were monitored. Results : 102 subjects(54 male, 48 female) were enrolled. The mean age was $6.8{\pm}3.5$ years. Two subjects were seropositive, two were lost of follow up. 88 subjects were available for a per protocol analysis and 90 for all subjects with serology after the second dose, and ten withdral. All subjects(95% CI, 94.8~100) seroconverted. Geometric mean titers was 7,991.1(95% CI, 6,481.1~9,852.7) with very little difference in per protocol analysis and all subjects analysis. Adverse experiences to $VAQTA^{TM}$ were generally mild and transient. Conclusion : The pediatric two-dose regimen of $VAQTA^{TM}$ was found to be highly immunogenic, generally well tolerated and resulted in 100% seroconversion. Regarding Korea is in transition from a high to low risk region resulting in a paradox increase of clinical disease and disease burden, routine vaccination should be considered in order to control hepatitis A effectively.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.60-72
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• 2012

After the movie "AVATAR" became a good model of cash-cow in 3D movie, the profit of 3D-movie significantly reduced. One of the reasons why it happens comes from rare understanding of human factors for instance how viewers get immersed, but sometimes tired. Although 3D images should be more considered human visual system including eye, unfortunately most communication research ignored human factors. For those reasons this study observed the effect of 3D video on viewers' psychological response, especially for perceived eye movement, perceived characteristics, visual fatigue, and presence. With 90 participants, the results show that viewers' perceived feature effects on their presence. In detail, first, materiality and tangibility are more important factors than clarity in 3D video, and it means that when making 3D content or devices, materiality and tangibility should be considers that any other factor. Second, this study examined whether we perceive our eyes as media, and the result shows that as viewers' presence level became higher we perceive eye movements more, and as viewers' presence level became higher perceived visual fatigue became lower. This result means that when we move eyes, we interact with surrounded environment, so 3D content needs to provide vivid features to be more interactive. On the other hand, since level of presence increase visual fatigue, it must be balanced when producing and playing.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.1786-1787
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• 2015

무안경 3차원 입체영상 시스템은 광고 패널, 공연 전시 등에 활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 무안경식 입체영상 시스템의 디스플레이로 활용되고 있는 렌티큘러 방식 3차원 입체 영상에 대해 화질변화에 따른 사용자의 반응을 뇌파 (Electroencephalogram, EEFG) 측정을 통해 분석하였다. 총 26명의 피험자를 대상으로 렌티큘러 방식의 디스플레이를 통해 최적입체영상과 왜곡입체영상을 차례로 제시하고 각 영상에 대해 획득한 뇌파를 통계 분석하여 상관관계를 확인하였다. 분석 결과 뇌파진동 중 알파파의 경우 최적입체영상과 왜곡입체영상 사이에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 확인되지 않았으나 베타파의 경우 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 확인되었다. 베타파의 경우 왜곡입체영상에서 최적입체영상보다 통계적으로 유의미하게 높게 나타났으며 이는 왜곡입체영상 시청 시 피로감 또는 불안감 증폭에 따른 베타파의 뇌파활동이 높아진 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 랜티큘러 방식의 무안경 입체영상에 대한 객관적 사용자 평가를 위해 뇌파분석을 활용한 접근 방법이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.456-461
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• 2001

To develop the use of natural pigment for food, carotenoids from wasted persimmon peel were extracted with seven organic solvents. Among the solvents, acetone was a high yielding solvent of carotenoids. Extraction trends depending on process variables(temperature, time, solvent ratio to persimmon peel) were explained through response surface which was made by central composite experimental design. Carotenoid contents were increased with the extraction time and solvent ratio but it decreaed in the higher experimental design. Carotenoid contents were increased with the extraction time and solvent ratio but it decreased in the higher extraction temperature. The optimum conditions of extraction process variables were predicted as 29$\^{C}$, 93min. at fixed solvent ratio(1:27).