• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.14-20
• /
• 2011

As the height of the building increases, the stack effect in stairwell that is main facilities for evacuation becomes stronger. While the pressure rise in stairwell causes difficulties on opening the door for evacuation and has effect on smoke control system, reduction of stack effect will be necessary for providing more safe evacuation environment. The field experiments on pressure field in high-rise building are carried out to present reduction method of stack effect and the numerical analyses using network model are proceeded to design quantitatively the reduction method. As the air flow supplied from outside in lower stair and exhausted to outside in upper stair is formed in stairwell, the stack effect in stairwell is expected to be decreased.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 2015

As building height is increased, more careful decisions about the required safe egress time is needed for evacuation. This study analyzed the influence of three training sessions on the vertical speed of evacuation in the high rise building. Evacuation experiments were done in a high-rise office building in Seoul, and we analyzed the vertical evacuation speed as a function of density using a camera. Controlled and uncontrolled total evacuation were compared using the Pathfinder simulation. The process of repeated training, changed the specific stair utilization rate from 6.3% to 39.5%. The vertical evacuation speed as a function of density was analyzed using the equation s = 1.004 ? 0.288D, which is very similar to the equation used in a different study. The total evacuation time of the special controlled total evacuation was reduced by about 25% compared to the simultaneous evacuation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
• /
• 2011.11a
• /
• pp.266-271
• /
• 2011

지하공간 건축물의 피난공간확보는 인명안전설계의 첫 단계로서 이를 위한 선큰설치 기준은 피난안전기준의 제도적 선진화를 위한 매우 중요한 규정으로 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 현재 적용되는 선큰의 법적 기준에 대해서 살펴보고 일본과 비교하여 실제 건축물에 대한 사례 분석을 실시하였다. 현재 사용 중인 선큰 건물을 대상으로 피난시간을 비교 분석한 결과, 비상계단만을 이용한 피난 시간보다 선큰과 비상계단을 함께 이용한 피난 시간이 각각 52%와 65%의 감소하였다. 따라서 비상계단으로의 대피에 비하여 선큰의 피난 효용성이 매우 높은 것으로 분석되었으며 선큰 출입구의 설치 위치 및 평면 배치형태가 피난시간에 미치는 영향도 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.73-79
• /
• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the minimum effective width (90cm) of the exit of the evacuation stairway installed in accordance with the Building Act and the evacuation time of all occupants using the corresponding floor from an evacuation point of view. Method: The evacuation simulation (Pathfinder) was used to investigate how the change in doorway width affects the evacuation time of occupants. Result: It was found that as the effective width of the doorway became larger than the minimum standard of 90cm, the evacuation time to the evacuation stairs was shortened. This is also proof that the effective width of the evacuation stair entrance can be appropriately applied differently depending on the number of occupants on the floor. Conclusion: In the future, in order to secure evacuation safety of occupants, it is judged that the effective width standard for the exit of the evacuation stairway considering the total number of occupants by use is necessary. In addition, it is expected that the evacuation efficiency of occupants can be greatly increased if various effective width standards for entrances are made according to the number of occupants by use through research and experiments.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.116-123
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this paper is to improve the evacuation stability of residents in apartment fire. For this purpose, the actual condition survey about the obstacles was conducted on 3,056 escape stairs in the 183 apartments. In addition, the questionnaire investigation was carried out a survey targeting the residents of apartments about their experience of fire safety education, perception on safety management of escape stairs, and perception on fire safety. As a result of investigation, we confirmed that the obstacles were formed in the 1,916 escape stairs among the 3,056 escape stairs of the 183 apartments (percent of barricades in escape stairs: 62.70%). Furthermore, it showed that fire safety education experience was found to be 83.10% of subject. The perception on safety management of the subjects in the escape step and the perception on fire safety were $3.84{\pm}0.75%$, and $3.49{\pm}0.61$, respectively. In the results, most of the subjects had a fire safety education and knew how to safety management the escape stairs but, the practice of the safety management action was low. Based on the results in the paper, the policy proposal is that the fire safety education is emphasized to change from the perception to action.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2011

An evacuation simulation was carried out to confirm evacuation efficiency for stair width and problems in calculation of occupant load for high-rise buildings. The evacuation time and number of evacuated persons from a 39 story condominium-mercantile building were calculated by using Simulex for stair widths of 1.2 m, 1.5 m, and 1.8 m. The total occupant load based on the Korean code was higher than the number of actual residents by 2.3 times, and that based on the NFPA 101 Life Safety Code by 2.6 times, respectively. For the occupant load based on the Korean code, smaller stair width resulted in lower evacuation efficiencies due to bottlenecks in egress. For the actual residents and NFPA code-based occupant load, a high evacuation efficiency and negligible effects of the stair width on evacuation efficiency were confirmed. It was shown that there was a bottleneck even at the stair width of 1.8 m for the Korean code-based occupants, while the stair width of 1.2 m provided safe egress to the actual residents or NFPA code-based occupants. This recommended further studies on possibility of lowering the level of the Korean code in calculation of the occupant load.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2008

This study is intended to examine the effect of the evacuation guidance that used phosphorescent material for stairs in the event of smoke and failure of both the power to the lighting and illuminated sign. To achieve the purpose, the test stairs was established and 35 students(1st 20, 2nd 15) were examined the visibility, the convenience and the comfort of going up and down of stairs. The results of this study are as follows; The evacuation from stairs showed that the stair nosing and landing used phosphorescent material for was very effective in dark conditions(0 lux) because of the high visibility of stair nosing and the convenience and the comfort of going up and down of stairs. The phosphorescent material located on the stair nosing and stair landing will aid in evacuation from stairs in the event of failure of both the power to the lightings and illuminated sign.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.8 no.11
• /
• pp.1617-1624
• /
• 2013

This paper analyzes the relation between fire shutters and fire spread by conducting fire simulation on inner space with fire shutters. Using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), a commercial fire simulation software, the simulation is done on an ideal inner robby, where fire size and the open/close of fire shutters are varied. Our simulation environment can derive significant fire parameters such as temperature variation of fire room walls and entrances of refuge stairs, variation of carbon dioxide, and soot spread. According to the simulation results, temperature and carbon dioxide distribution in refuge stairs have little dependence on vent open or close, but the part close of fire shutters blocks soot inflow to refuge stairs.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
• /
• 2010.04a
• /
• pp.284-288
• /
• 2010

Length of staircase get longer and evacuation load get heavier in proportion to the building height. Therefore evacuation time could be considered proportional to square of building height. While smoke spreads vertically so rapidly, evacuation speed is too slow, therefore the reasonable measure for the safe of egress route is urgent. Existing pressurizing smoke control system of vertical exit route is seriously limited in function under the stack effect in winter. Stack effect in winter could be overcome with the methods of opening the staircase outward or letting airflow be free between staircase and outside.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 2011

In the disaster prevention design, it is important point to secure escape way at event of fire which makes people away from the fire more quickly and safely. Development of construction techniques leads to build many skyscrapers, and skyscrapers contains various dangers and increase levels of disaster. At basic design stage for skyscrapers, evacuation scenario is considered that occupants are escape using escape stairs and emergency elevators simultaneously at fire, but there is no evacuation program to simulate using escape stairs and emergency elevators at the same time. In this study, evacuation simulation is performed using method of VR which is based on Virtools of 3DVIA Co., and Simulex of IES Co. for safety and effectiveness where occupants are escape using escape stairs and emergency elevators simultaneously at the fire.