• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.57-66
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• 2018

The most urgent requirement in the event of disaster and fire in a skyscraper is to establish a system that enables people inside to evacuate safely. Hence, a practical direction needs to give evacuees confidence in the evacuation by reducing the psychological anxiety caused by the relatively large number of people inside and at the same time, the physically prolonged evacuation travel line. Evacuation tests with large numbers of people were conducted three times to solve these challenges and identify phenomena and issues that occurred during the experiment. The results revealed the factors that could cause a delay in evacuation and suggested improvements. The study results of this paper are as follows. First, a recent fire at a multipurpose high-rise resulted in a number of casualties due to a lack of experience with the disaster prevention system. To prevent such cases from occurring in advance, adaptability was achieved by conducting evacuation tests. Second, the data collected in the evacuation simulation statistics and the actual escape drills were compared and analyzed. Third, in the evacuation experiment, a large number of people could not participate in the experiment. The reasons for not participating were analyzed and their impact on the actual evacuation time was confirmed. Fourth, equipment aids were purchased to establish the optimal response measure to the causes of a delay in escape time and the standards for ensuring the safety of the evacuee were specified by developing improvements to minimize the evacuation delay time through comparative before and after analysis of the experiment. These results can be used for fire safety control of skyscrapers to improve the efficiency of evacuation.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.19 no.2 s.58
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• pp.20-28
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• 2005

The existing algorithms or programs of egress time estimations rule out the walking velocity of each single person. But this algorithm can not be applied to estimation of evacuation in a hospital, because most patients are handicapped or walking on various kinds of tools. This study measured the moving velocities of patients according to different types of physical handicap. Also evacuation drills in several hospitals were carried out to establish an algorithm for prediction of total egress time of wards. Besides these measurements awareness of staffs about safety was investigated with the questionnaire. The results of this study is divided into two serial papers.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.41-46
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• 2014

Junction at the staircase is one of key factors for building egress analysis. The most important factor is the congestion at the door or somewhere connecting from bigger area to smaller one. The other factor is the congestion in the staircase. It happens when people from upper floors meets people from the connecting floor. Especially egress situation at the high-rise building is worse. The simulation of the junction is only described by physical agent algorithms in egress model. For that reason, the description of phenomena will validate with the result of experiment and estimate the gap between modeling and experiment. In this research, the experiment of the junction and the simulation was conducted and validated. The gap between the experiment and the modeling was estimated. The flow rates of modeling were lower than the modeling.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.144-150
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• 2016

An apartment house with a pilotis that raises the architectural volume and provides a space for circulation is becoming popular. With the popularity of pilotis in apartment houses, people also have a keen interest in the potential fire risk at the pilotis. As residents can only access their apartment house through the pilotis, there is a risk to the occupants if there is fire there. Therefore, this study evaluated the pilotis fire cases of urban multifamily housing to conduct a Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and Fire Evacuation Simulation (FES). Through these two simulation methods, it is possible to validate the riskiness of fire at an apartment with a pilotis. The study identified that the toxic gases and flame spread out to the pilotis within hundred seconds after ignition. In addition, the toxic gases and flame also reach the second floor within three seconds and the entire building within 735 seconds if the entrance doors at the pilotis are opened. On the other hand, the FES simulation results showed that it also takes about approximately 609 seconds to excavate from the apartment house with a pilotis. Therefore, this research shows that an apartment house with a pilotis can ensure the building occupants' lives and their safety if there is fire.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.193-194
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 특별피난계단의 전실에 설치되는 부속실제연설비가 화재 시 발생한 연기가 부속실 내로 역류하지 않는 급기댐퍼의 적정한 설치위치를 알아보고자 하였으며, 이를 확인하기 위하여 FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)을 사용 하였다. 시뮬레이션 Case 총 15가지로 구분하고, 방연풍속은 총 64개의 지점에서 측정하는 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 출입문 상부 및 하부에서 역 기류가 발행하는 Case가 있었으며, 대부분 출입문 하부에서의 연기 유입이 예상되는 경우가 많았다. 방연풍속은 측정 포인트 64점에서 관련기준에 단 한 곳도 미달하지 않고 만족하는 경우는 총 단 4가지 Case로서 매우 제한적인 것을 알 수 있었다. 그만큼 급기댐퍼의 위치 및 급기방향에 따라 부속실 제연설비의 성능이 다양하게 나타날 수 있다는 것이다. 본 연구를 바탕으로 앞으로 실물실험을 통하여 구체적인 자료가 입증되길 바라고, 더불어 부속실 제연설비의 성능을 개선하는 데 있어 도움이 되었으면 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2014.06a
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• pp.127-129
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• 2014

이 연구에서는 세월호 사고를 계기로 선박의 구조가 인명 생존율에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석하고자 한다. 분석 기법은 피난전용시뮬레이터를 이용하여 선박의 다양한 구조 및 상황을 적용하여 분석한다. 향후 정확한 선박의 도면 및 실제 상황을 적용하여 정확하고 세밀한 분석 결과를 도출하면 승객 및 선박 승무원의 생존율 향상에 필요한 여러 가지 조건 중 하나로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 본다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.19 no.1 s.57
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• pp.87-92
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• 2005

In this paper, numerical simulation are conducted to predict the characteristics of the heat transfer and smoke flow and evacuation in the road tunnel. Fire source are used about 30 MW and the turbulent flow characteristics are considered by standard k-epsilon turbulent model. The effect of transient thermal behavior and disaster prevention can be used for designing the road tunnel.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.526-529
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• 2010

국내에서는 철도차량의 화재안전성능을 향상시키기 위해 성능평가를 적용하기 위한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 철도차량에서의 화재 시 피난은 여러 가지 시나리오들이 존재하며, 이중 하나가 터널내부에서 정전이 되어 무조명상태가 되는 것이다. 철도차량은 물리적 공간적 환경이 건축물과 차이가 있다. 또한 문화적 인종적 차이로 인해 외국의 데이터를 바로 적용하는 것도 바람직한 일은 아니다. 그러므로 시나리오를 분석하기 위해 필요한 데이터는 실험을 통해 확보해야할 필요성이 있는 것이다. 무조명 상태에서의 피난인의 행태와 이동속도의 차이 등을 분석하기 위해 실험을 수행하고 그 결과를 분석해 보았다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.120-128
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• 2009

현대사회가 핵가족화 되면서 2000년에는 노인인구비율이 7%에 육박하였고, 2022년에는 고령사회의 기준이 되는 14%를 넘게 될 전망이다. 실버타운은 노인들이 안락을 위해 자녀를 벗어나 독립된 생활을 하는 건축물로서, 고령화 노인들이 크게 증가함에 따라 대형화, 고층화, 다기능화 되는 추세에 있으며, 이에 따라 화재로 인한 잠재적 위험성이 커지게 된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 성능위주설계(PBD : Performance Based Design)에 입각하여 실제 A 건물의 실버타운을 선정하고 이에 대한 화재 및 피난 시나리오를 작성 후 화재 및 피난 시뮬레이션 해석을 통해 피난성능을 평가하여 향후 개선방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.35-40
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• 2014

Bottleneck occurs as many people crowd into narrow doorway or corridor. Delaying egress time is occurred by bottleneck effect, and it is very important phenomenon on the egress analysis for building fire. An analysis of egress time should includes flow rate for considering bottleneck. Flow rate is numbers of people who pass the narrow gate as door or start point of corridor per unit length and unit time. The flow rate resulted from egress modeling should be approached to the result of experiments. In this study, flow rates from modeling by 'Pathfinder' and experiments was compared. The difference between the result from egress modeling and the one from experiments was verified. The average value of experiments is $4.25N/m{\cdot}s$, and the maximum average value of modeling is $1.55N/m{\cdot}s$.