• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.103-106
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• 2008

This study is intended to evaluate the characteristics of smoke spreading and the appropriateness of evacuation time extended by operation of smoke control system during fire within the underground space of the building structured in compliance with the smoke control system performance criteria from the local fire safety standard, which has been currently applied to the buildings in Korea. Using the heat release per unit weight of the combustibles, a numerical analysis both in case of smoke control system in operation and the system not in operation was carried out at the several different shopping malls. From the viewpoint of securing the evacuation time, the results were compared in an attempt to assess the appropriateness of the fire safety criteria.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.232-233
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• 2013

Recently Korea has imported and executed Performance Based Design for the method to settle the dangerousness on outbreak of fire of high-rise building. The overseas country's PBD is autonomic but It is unable to carry out the essential role of PBD as the performance based design that based the code based design in the domestic. Also It occurs the problems that different the classification standard of building as dualisation between the building code and the fire services act. In this study, We have investigated overseas's cases for the PBD of high-rise building and have drawn the improvement direction & the problem of domestic's PBD by comparing and the analysing the domestic regulation.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.16-23
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• 2009

The performance characteristics of a smoke damper, which aims to suppress the penetration of smoke to a safe area, have been tested under the regulation of the FIS 001. However, the improvement of the test methods and the regulation has consecutively been requested. From a view-point of fluid mechanical theory, a pressure control damper, that is installed at the end of the flow control system, is important and it dominates flow characteristics in all designed flow systems. In this study, the weak points of the regulation of the FIS 001 concerned with the pressure control damper was visited and the some important characteristics of the damper was examined. Based on these results, it was confirmed that the effects of flow disturbance in the air supplying duct on the performance of the damper are not significant. This results gives some information for the modification of the experimental regulation concerned to the pressure control damper.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.274-280
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• 2011

Evacuation and Fatalities Simulation is one of the core technologies for performance based design. Recently, developed programs in foreign countries have limitations such as simple fatality calculation and coarse visual interface. This study developed an advanced evaluation program for evacuation and fatalities to overcome limitations of existing programs and improve various applications, i.e., an evacuation algorithm using elevators as well as evacuation stairs. In addition, the evaluation program can let users make a decision of fatalities from fire by coupling with FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) from NIST and realizes three-dimensional virtual space using a graphic module.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.87-93
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• 2010

The objective of this study is to verify the safety in case of fire and change of residential environment for different wall construction approaches in a stairways apartment house. In order to confirm that case_1, which is current case that most of wall is opened and the case 2, which upper part of wall is limitedly opened are compared and analyzed based on simulations of fire, escape and natural ventilation performance. The analysis reveals that possible escape time for case 1 was more than 600 seconds and for case 2 was 195 seconds. Since the escape times for both cases were over 128 seconds, it would be reasonable to assume that every resident would escape. The simulation results on natural ventilation performance shows the air change per hour of case 1 and case 2 were .19n/h and .16n/h and there was 1.2 times difference. However, the difference was too insignificant and it could be seen as that different approaches on wall construction would not significantly influence on natural ventilation performance.

• 한국도로학회지:도로
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.58-67
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• 2008

교통량이 많은 도심지내 장대 지하차도 건설은 교통정체 해소에 기여를 하지만 초기 공사비가 많이 소요되는 단점이 있다. 또한, 화재등 유고시 이용자의 안전을 최우선으로 고려되어야 한다. 즉, 장대 지하차도 건설에 있어서 경제성과 안전성이 함께 만족할 수 있는 건설 방안이 필요하다. 세종지하차도는 이러한 문제점을 극복하고자 다음과 같이 지하차도의 환기방식 및 단면, 포장형식, 사고 예방 및 발생시를 대비한 종합방재시스템을 구축하였다. $\cdot$환기방식은 종류식 환기방식의 경제성과 횡류식 환기방식의 제연성능을 겸비할 수 있는 조합형 환기방식과 Duct Arch 단면을 적용하여 공사비 절감 및 운영시 유지관리비를 획기적으로 절감하였다. $\cdot$지하차도 포장형식은 화재시 내화성이 우수하며 유독가스 발생이 없는 HPC(고성능 콘크리트 포장) 포장을 적용하여 이용자의 안전을 최우선으로 고려하였고 일반 아스팔트 포장 및 배수성 아스팔트 포장에 비해 우수한 성능과 공용수명을 가진 공법을 적용함으로서 유지보수비용의 절감을 가능하게 하였다. 또한, 콘크리트포장의 단점인 소음발생을 최소화하기 위해 타이닝과 그루빙을 적용하였다. $\cdot$지하차도내 화재 등 유고시 신속한 대피가 가능하도록 피난 연락문 간격을 167m 간격으로 설치하고 비상탈출계단 6개소를 확보하였다. 또한 노약자 및 환자의 지하차도 외부로 대피를 돕기 위해 비상엘리베이터 3개소를 설치하는 등 사고발생 시 종합적으로 대처할 수 있는 시스템을 마련하여 적용하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.533-538
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• 2014

This study examines the performance of and searches for improvements to the existing automatic fire detection systems installed at domestic apartment buildings as a basic study for development of intelligent fire detection systems specifically for apartments. Thus, this study aims to find out the problems in performance and maintenance of the existing fire detectors installed at apartment buildings which is the prerequisite process for development of intelligent fire detection system for that specific application. It is also found impossible to check whether or not the detectors installed at each apartment are in an operational state at normal times. This study finds that it is desirable to replace the slow-sensing heat detectors by a smoke and single smoke detectors which can detect a fire at its early stage in an effort to improve the problems of fire detectors installed at apartment buildings presently. Because we need to the independence fire detection system of apartment building.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.6-13
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• 2016

With regard to smoke control system, the design guidelines of smoke exhaust for accommodation and smoke control for evacuation stairs and vestibule has been proposed domestically, but after reviewing the applicability to modern buildings that tend to be larger, higher and complex, a smoke control system according to domestic design guidelines might have difficulty in securing the safety from smoke in a fire. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt the performance-based design of a smoke control system that can enhance the safety and integrate the smoke control functions and design depending on the characteristics of fire and building structure in the case of fire in a large, high-rise, and complex building. This study analyzed the domestic design guidelines of a smoke control system and this paper proposes the part requiring improvement, and examines the legal system and guidelines on performance-based design of smoke control system in foreign countries.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2010

The smoke control systems using pressure differentials are already well known as the most reliable method to prevent the smoke infiltration into the emergency stairs or safe spaces. However, it is true that many problems are domestically pointed out due to the insufficient understanding and technology on the smoke control systems using pressure differentials. In this regard, this work analyzed the effect of major factors for smoke control system using pressure differentials such as a duct area, opening area of air supply damper, improvement on open vestibules, stack effect and location of air supply. In conclusion, adequate pressure differentials can not be maintained in small duct because the smaller duct area have the large friction loss. Especially, It is confirmed that the major factor for deterioration of smoke control system performance is stack effect that makes pressure differentials smaller in the lower floors.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.241-251
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• 2022

Purpose: In the event of a fire in a high-rise building, if the smoke control area is not effectively protected, smoke or flames enter the stairwell, making it difficult to evacuate. When inflowing air is discharged from a closed corridor, a negative pressure is formed in the corridor, the pressure in the smoke control area becomes excessively high, and the force required to open the door during evacuation is exceeded. Also, if the air introduced into the hallway is not exhausted, the smoke may flow back into the smoke control area. This paper tried to identify the problems caused by the inflowing air and to find out how to improve the performance. Method: Using the CONTAM program, simulations were performed with the basic conditions and the modified conditions. Result: If the inflowing air was discharged from the sealed corridor, overpressure occurred in the Smoke Control Area and exceeded the opening force, and the prevent smoke backflow was insufficient in the layer where the inflowing air was not discharged. Conclusion: "Differential pressure exhaust damper" application, simultaneous opening of two exhaust dampers, and automatic window installation between corridors and outdoors improved the exhaust performance of inflowing air.