• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.91-101
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• 2006

Lately, massive concrete structures are increasingly built. In such massive structures, the heat of hydration of mass concrete causes thermal cracks. To avoid thermal crack, methods widely acceptable for practical use are pre-cooling, pipe cooling and control of placing height. Thermal stress analysis is performed to find the way of controlling the thermal crack of pier footing mat in this paper. The footing mat model for the analysis is $12m{\times}14m$area and 3m height. The analysis results are compared with method of control of lift height and method of pipe cooling. The analysis results show that thermal crack can be removed by method of placing control and pipe cooling at footing mat placed on the ground.

• Air Cleaning Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.11-23
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• 2015

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.263-266
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• 1974

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.82-88
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• 2014

Using low outdoor temperature, free cooling system is used in a data center or industrial air-conditioning for energy saving. Because use of IT equipment has increased in some office building recently, there is a growing trend towards using free cooing system. Free cooling system performance is influenced by outdoor temperature. Therefore the performance is different with regions. In this study, performance characteristic of free cooling system is analysed and energy reduction is compared with some regions. Selected regions are 4 cities; including Ulsan analyzed in preceding research, Seoul, ChunCheon and Daejeon. The Aspentech software HYSYS 8.0v was used to conduct the analysis of free cooling system based on temperature per hour of 4 cities in 2013, respectively. The main result is following as. Free cooing system in this study has energy saving effect when outdoor temperature below $7^{\circ}C$. Becuase temperature of Chuncheon is relatively low, using free cooling system can conserve most air-conditioning energy. Energy reduction amount of Seoul is 11%, Chuncheon is 17.5%, Deajeon is 15%, Ulsan is 14%. In case of large scale of air-conditioning, it is reasonable to use free cooling system although the system is used in Seoul.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.95-102
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• 2000

Crack control due to temperature is an important factor for the mass concrete structure. Pre-cooling is the effective system to reduce the highest temperature of mass concrete. In this study, for pre-cooling, cooling water, cooling water with ics flake are used. The results of a series of experimental studies indicate that the changes in properties of fresh concrete after cooling are of low degree, and compressive strength of concrete is changed very little by cooling. The adiabatic temperature rise is also measured with pre-cooling concrete specimens. It is shown that hydration heat characteristics of cement and concrete were largely affected by pre-cooling.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.248-253
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• 2009

For the energy's effective utilization, the mixed humidifier has been developed and popularized by combining the cooling dehumidifier with the desiccant humidifier properly. This has contributed in many ways to the industry. Hybrid Desiccant Dehumidifier that would be shown in this study could be indispensible in site due to the reduced equipment, with more than 50% reduction in energy.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.50-55
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• 2015

Recently, because of the deterioration of the nuclear generating station and increase of the cooler and heater, energy problem is increasing. To save the energy, the free cooling system is developed. The free cooling system is that cool the water to use cooled air in winter and is used in industrial process or data center. Yoon check the energy of free cooling system with dry cooler in korea. In this study, the value of the free cooling system with dry cooler is confirmed through using the NPV that is economic evaluation. when temperature degree of the cooled water is 10, in Chuncheon and Seoul the value is the most high. When temperature degree of the cooled water is 20, in Ulsan the value is the most high. As the result, because the using the temperature degree of the cooled water is high in the industrial process, the free cooling system is advantageous in korea.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.187-195
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• 2023

Data centers not only consume significant electricity to operate IT equipment, but also use a lot of electricity to cool the heat generated by IT equipment. The waste heat of a high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell (HT-PEFC) is capable of producing cooling , so it can be effectively applied to data centers that require cooling throughout the year. The energy-saving effects of the proposed combined cooling, heat and power (CCHP) system using HT-PEFC. That was analyzed based on the annual energy consumption data of a specific data center. When the system was running at 100% of the year, It was shown that the installation of 1 MW of the proposed system can save 3,407 MWh of electrical energy per year. In addition, compared to the existing system, the annual power usage effectiveness can be improved from 2.0 to 1.57 and 6,293 MWh of extra heat energy per year can be produced to sell. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis was performed on the fuel cell operating temperature and current density to guide the appropriate installation capacity of the proposed system.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.47-54
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• 2024

The global decrease in traditional energy resources has prompted increasing energy demand, necessitating efforts to replace and optimize energy sources. This study focuses on enhancing energy efficiency in manufacturing plants, known for their high energy consumption. Through simulations and analyses, the study proposes a temperature-based control system for HVAC (Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning) operations, utilizing machine learning algorithms to predict and optimize factory temperatures. The results indicate that this approach, particularly the prediction-based free cooling algorithm, can achieve over 10% energy savings compared to existing systems. This paper presents that implementing an efficient HVAC control system can significantly reduce overall factory energy consumption, with plans to apply it to real factories in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.4602-4609
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• 2013

In summer and winter, the difference between the temperature during the day and that during the night is high, which leads to various problems during concrete placement, such as cracks and defects in the concrete as well as low durability and strength. Although nuclear power plant concrete is widely used for placement in all seasons, particular attention must be paid to its quality during the summer. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of a cooling method for mixing water, which is a commonly used hot weather precooling method, and the use of a retarder, on the characteristics of Nuclear Power Plant concrete. In the cooling method for mixing water, cold water at 5 was used, with 50% of the water content consisting of ice flakes. The effects of using a retarder were evaluated by reviewing the characteristics of the cement at the unset stage and after hardening. To evaluate the characteristics of the unset cement, we measured the slump, air volumes, setting times, and pressure strengths after hardening. Furthermore, we measured the heat of hydration at different temperatures; the loss of heat was minimized using insulation. Both the slump time and the complete ageing time of the air volume were found to be 120 min at $20^{\circ}C$ and 40 min at $40^{\circ}C$. In the case when the cooling method for mixing water was used and in the case when a retarder was used, the initial and final sets by penetration resistance were delayed, and the delay decreased with increasing air temperature. For the heat of hydration, the cooling method for mixing water not only lowered the maximum temperature but also delayed its attainment. However, the use of a retarder had no effect on the maximum temperature. Moreover, in the early ages (e.g., 3 and 7 days), the pressure strength of the concrete was lower than that of plain cement. However, the strength of 28-day concrete met the standard construction specifications.