• The Korean Publising Journal, Monthly
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• s.330
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• pp.146-147
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• 2003

• Russian Language and Literature
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• no.61
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• pp.33-59
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• 2018

This article aims to analyze the D. Fonvizin's travelogue, Letters from France (1777-1778). Through this end, we try to understand what the 18th century travelogue did for modern Russian literature. We analyze Fonvizin's travelogue by comparing with Radishchev's and Karamzin's, where necessary, which are also major travelogues in the late 18th century. We examine his text by focusing on the discursive function of travelogue among the three functions of the travelogue text as a methodology. We explore how Russians see foreign countries and how foreign people see Russian as well. Through this approach, we argue that the "literary" model of the travelogue in the 18th century Russia can not be fully understood without a discussion on social discourse, as Fonvizin's travelogue reveals a matter of modern Russian identity. Fonvizin was the one of the first who wrote modern Russian travelogue while modern Russian prose arose in the 1770s and laid the groundwork for the modern Russian novels. It is no coincidence that Russia's modern literature arose when 'travel wring' became popular in the 18th century Russia.

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.1
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• pp.78-92
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• 2019

Among the Southeast Asian countries, Vietnam had the most cultural exchange with Korea. Through Confusion and Chinese character, which were the common measure for two countries, Korea and Vietnam could communicate and share a sentiment with each other. Two countries showed an enormous interest in each other, and hence they could keep good relationship without official diplomatic relations. During the early 19th century, Korean Ginseng had gained tremendous popularity in Vietnam. Vietnamese believed the stamina of Minh Mang, who had 142 sons and daughters, originated from ginseng. Minh Mang bestowed ginseng on old courtiers for their contribution, which made them more loyal to the king. This tradition was inherited to the future generations, and soldiers who fought with Thai, Cambodia and France also received ginseng for their contribution. In other words, ginseng was the very important key for enforcement of patriotism. Due to the tradition, Korean ginseng has been considered as the premium ginseng in Vietnam. It is presumed that ginseng flew into Vietnam through 4 routes; 1) as an imperial gift from Chinese emperor, 2) by the Vietnamese ambassadors who went to Beijing for a tribute, 3) through private trade and 4) from Ryukyu or Japan, which were the hub of international trade. From 15th to 18th century, ambassadors from Chosun and Vietnam actively interacted in Beijing. Through their interchange, Vietnamese royal family could learn about the value of ginseng. The fact that there were many Shilhak scholars among the ambassadors from Joseon, such as Seo Geojeong and Seo Hosu who had profound knowledge of ginseng proves the theory. It is also possible that reputation of ginseng was already established in Vietnam during Silla period. Ko Byung, an bureaucrat from Tang Dynasty who ruled Vietnam for 10 years in middle 9th century and a friend of Choi Chiwon, might have delivered the knowledge of ginseng to the upper class in Vietnam. This hypothesis, however, should be proven by literatures. Hence, further research about the trace of Korean ginseng in Vietnamese history and literary works still remains to be done.