• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.365-375
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• 2017

This study investigated in the vascular plants of special protection zones (the native land of Iris koreana in Gaeamsa Temple and Soeppulbawi Rock) of Byeonsanbando National Park and identified the whole flora. The numbers of vascular plants were summarized as 255 taxa including 71 families, 166 genera, 222 species, 2 subspecies, 27 varieties and 4 forms. Woody plants were identified as 114 taxa (44.7%) and herbaceous plants as 141 taxa (55.3%). A total of 178 taxa were identified in the area of Gaeamsa Temple, and 184 taxa were found in the Soeppulbawi Rock. As a legal protected species, the endangered wild plant II grade Iris koreana designated by the Ministry of Environment was confirmed. A total of 6 taxa of rare plants were identified, each of which was divided into 1 taxa of critically endangered (CR; Iris koreana), 1 taxa of vulnerable (VU; Ilex cornuta), and 4 taxa of least concern (LC; Asarum maculatum, Viola albida, Chionanthus retusa and Tricyrtis macropoda). The Korean endemic plants were 11 taxa (Populus tomentiglandulosa, Lonicera subsessilis, Carex okamotoi, etc.). In the specific plants by floristic region were 38 taxa, a degree I were 23 taxa (Euscaphis japonica, Hedera rhombea, Lophatherum gracile, etc.), 7 taxa of a degree II (Viola violacea, Ainsliaea apiculata, Cephalanthera falcata, etc.), 6 taxa of a degree III (Ilex cornuta, Callicarpa mollis, Mitchella undulata, etc.), 1 taxa of a degree IV (Carex remotiuscula), 1 taxa of a degree V (Iris koreana). The Iris koreana special protection area that is more natural and healthier than any other areas in Byeonsanbando National Park. Therefore, it should be possible to continue its role as a special protection area through regular monitoring in the future.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.140-157
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• 2012

The result of a study on the useful trend of plants related to landscape and how to plant and cultivate through 'ImwonGyeongjaeji Manhakji'of Seoyugu is as follows: First, 'ImwonGyeongjaiji Manhakji', composed of total 5 volumes (General, Fruit trees, vegetables and creeper, plants, others) is a representative literature related to landscape which described the names of plants and varieties, soil condition, how to plant and cultivate, graft, how to prevent the insect attack etc systematically. Second, he recorded the tree planting as Jongjae(種栽) or Jaesik(栽植), and the period to plant the trees as Jaesusihoo(栽樹時候), transplanting as Yijae(移栽), making the fence as Jakwonri(作園籬), the names of varietieis as Myeongpoom(名品), the suitable soil as Toeui(土宜), planting and cultivation as Jongye(種藝), treatment as Euichi(醫治), protection and breeding as Hoyang(護養), garden as Jeongwon(庭園) or Wonpo(園圃), garden manager as Poja(圃者) or Wonjeong(園丁). Third, the appearance frequency of plants was analyzed in the order of flowers, fruits, trees, and creepers and it showed that the gravity of deciduous trees was 3.7 times higher than that of evergreen trees. The preference of flower and trees, fruit trees and deciduous trees and broad-leaved trees includes (1) application of the species of naturally growing trees which are harmonized with the natural environment (2) Aesthetic value which enables to enjoy the beauty of season, (3) the trend of public welfare to take the flowers and fruits, (4) the use of symbolic elements based on the value reference of Neo-Confucianism etc. Fourth, he suggested the optimal planting period as January(上時) and emphasized to transplant by adding lots of fertile soil and cover up the seeds with soil as high as they are buried in accordance with the growing direction and protect them with a support. That is, considering the fact that he described the optimal planting period as January by lunar calendar, this suggests the hints in judging the planting period today. For planting the seeds, he recommended the depth with 1 chi(寸 : approx. 3.3cm), and for planting a cutting, he recommended to plant the finger-thick branch with depth 5 chi(approx. 16.5cm) between January and February. In case of graft of fruit trees, he described that if used the branch stretched to the south, you would get a lot of fruit and if cut the branches in January, the fruits would be appetizing and bigger. Fifth, the hedge(fence tree) is made by seeding the Jujube tree(Zizyphus jujuba var. inermis) in autumn densely and transplanting the jujube tree with 1 ja(尺 : approx. 30cm) interval in a row in next autumn and then binding them with the height of 7 ja(approx. 210cm) in the spring of next year. If planted by mixing a Elm tree(Ulmus davidiana var. japonica) and a Willow(Salix koreensis), the hedge whose branch and leaves are unique and beautiful like a grating can be made. For the hedge(fence tree), he recommended Trifoliolate orange(Poncitus trifoliata), Rose of sharon(Hibiscus syriacus), Willow(Salix koreensis), Spindle tree(Euonymus japonica), Cherry tree(Prunus tomentosa), Acanthopanax tree(Acanthopanax sessiliflorus), Japanese apricot tree(Prunus mume), Chinese wolf berry(Lycium chinense), Cornelian tree(Cornus officinalis), Gardenia(Gardenia jasminoides for. Grandiflora), Mulberry(Morus alba), Wild rosebush(Rosa multiflora) etc.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.96-107
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• 2015

This study presents a comprehensive account of the flora of hydrophytes and hygrophytes on Jeju Island. This approach aims to contribute to fundamental information about the conservation of plant diversity in wetlands. Field surveys were carried out from May of 2010 to September of 2014 in various types of wetlands on Jeju Island. A total of 189 taxa, including 52 families, 98 genera, 181 species, 6 varieties, 2 forma and 189 taxa, were found. Among them, 99 taxa (38 families, 60 genera, 96 species and 3 varieties) were hydrophytes and 90 taxa (23 families, 45 genera, 85 species, 3 varieties and 2 forma) were hygrophytes. In addition, Eleocharis${\times}$yezoensis H. Hara (Cyperaceae) was newly added to the flora of Korea. The protected wild plants designated by the Ministry of the Environment were 5 taxa, including Brasenia schreberi J. F. Gmel. and Dysophylla yatabeana Makino. The endangered species found included one Critically Endangered Species (i.e., Mankyua chejuense B.-Y. Sun, M. H. Kim & C. H. Kim), 5 Endangered Species (e.g., Lysimachia leucantha Miq.) and 7 Vulnerable Species (e.g., Tillaea aquatica L.). The floristic regional indicator plants found in this area were 44 taxa comprising 10 taxa of grade V, 7 taxa grade IV, 15 taxa of grade III, 5 taxa of grade II, and 7 taxa of grade I. The identified naturalized plants were 10 taxa; 8 families, 8 genera, 9 species and 1 variety. In the wetlands on Jeju Island, high plant species diversity was shown, and a number of rare plants and phytogeographically important plants were found. For these reasons, we consider that the wetlands on Jeju Island are very important areas from a botanical point of view. It is necessary to establish specific protection and maintenance policies in an effort to conserve these wetlands and species.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.129-136
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• 2010

This study was initiated to investigate thatch accumulation in several turfgrasses grown under two soil systems. The 45 centimeter deep USGA system was constructed with rootzone, intermediate and drainage layers. The mono-layer system, however, was made with only a 30cm rootzone layer. Turfgrasses used in the study were comprised of 3 varieties from Korean lawngrass of Warm-Season Grass(WSG) and 3 blends and 3 mixtures from Cool-Season Grass(CSG). A total of 9 turfgrass treatments were replicated three times in RCBD in both systems. Cultural practices for the research plot followed a typical maintenance program for highly managed turf. Treatment differences for thatch accumulation were observed among the turfgrasses in both soil systems. Thatch under the USGA system was 9% greater than under the mono-layer system due to its more favorable conditions for turf growth. Higher thatch depth was found with Korean lawngrass, 34~87% in the USGA system and 16~75% in the mono-layer system when compared with CSG. Among WSG, the Joongji variety was the highest in thatch layer under both the USGA and mono-layer systems. Kentucky bluegrass(KB) was the greatest among CSG, since it is a rhizomatous-type in growth habit, resulting in faster production of organic matter over bunch-type of tall fescue and perennial ryegrass. Proper depth in the thatch layer was known to be beneficial by enhancing the resiliency and wear tolerance of the turf in athletic fields. Thus, KB was considered to be a very excellent turfgrass in terms of turf quality, environmental performance, physical properties and soccer player safety. However, disadvantages such as poor water-holding properties, more inclined to injury from environmental stresses and severe diseases and insect injury were also expected where thatch was excessively accumulated. Therefore, these results demonstrate that more frequent measures for controlling thatch such as vertical mowing, topdressing or coring should be employed for soccer fields with Korean lawngrass and KB over other turfgrasses.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.148-149
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• 2000

황금배는 1967년에 신고에 이십세기를 교배하여 1977년 1차선발과 1982년 2차선발을 거 쳐 1984년 최종선발, 명명한 품종으로, 당도가 높고 육질이 부드러워서 최근 몇년 사이에 캐 나다, 미국, 호주, 그리고 유럽 지역에서의 수요가 급증하고 있는 수출전망이 매우 밝은 품 종 중의 하나이다(92년 재배면적 lOha 수출량 5. 8M/T, 95년 재배면적 150ha 수출량 2 200.6M/T), 황금배는 비교적 대과이고 과형은 원형에 가까운 편원형으로서 사과 골든처럼 과피가 황금색이고 과육은 연황백색으로 투명하며 보기에 극히 미려한 특징이 있다. 아울러 육질이 유연치밀하고 과즙이 극히 많으며 당도가 높아 13$^{\circ}$ Bx이상, 15도 Bx까지 측정되는 둥 감산이 적화되어 맛이 극히 우수하다. 그러나 이러한 황금배는 동녹, 흑반병 등 병충해로 인한 상품가치의 하락으로 현재 수요를 충족시키지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 1 16세기부터 씌워진 과실봉지는 초기 병해충을 방지할 목적만으로 사용되어 왔지만, 현 재는 방균과 방충의 효과와 함께 자연현상의 최적화를 위한 차광성, 발수성, 투기성을 조절 하며 과실의 외관까지 영향을 미치는 바, 과실봉지의 기능성 부여를 위해서는 고도의 기술 력이 요구되고 있다 하겠다. 상기한 배에 방균방충처리된 과설봉지를 씌워서 재배하면 농 약 살포횟수를 줄이고 배에 농약이 직접 묻지 않아 배의 농약오염을 예방할 수 있으며, 봉 지 안으로의 해충이나 균의 침투를 원천적으로 봉쇄할 수 있다. 그러나 기존의 황금배용 봉 지는 비록 기타 병충해 피해를 방지하는 효과는 있었으나, 동녹을 억제하는 효력이 다소 미 흡하였다. 과피의 비정상적인 코르크화로 인해 발생하는 동녹은 과피의 물리적 할렬과 생리적 장 해에 의해 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있다(永澤 1940). 과실이 비대해짐에 따라 과피의 기공 (과점)이 할렬하면서 코르크화가 진행되는데 그 발생정도나 시기는 배의 품종에 따라 다르 나 일반적으로 코르크화는 기상조건, 특히 습도와 밀접한 관련이 있다고 알려져 있다 황금 배의 재배에 봉지를 적용하면 일반적으로 과피의 코르크화가 억제되는데 그러한 이유는 다 음과 같이 설명할 수 있다. 과실은 하루를 주기로 하여 수축과 팽창을 반복하면서 비대화하 는데 이러한 현상은 과실 내의 수분 조건에 따르는 것으로, 봉지재배의 경우 무대재배보다 단기간에 변화되는 습도의 범위가 좁아 급변을 방지하기에 과점의 할렬이 완화될 수 있다. 즉, 봉지를 씌웅으로서 봉지 내의 대기 환경이 외기보다 안정적으로 유지되고 직사광선이나 농약 및 마찰로부터 과실을 보호해 주기에 동녹이 어느 정도 방지될 수 있는 것이다. 그러나 기존의 황금배봉지는 동녹의 정도를 완화시킬 뿐 완전히 방지할 수 없었으며, 봉지를 적 용한 재배조건에서의 동녹발생 기구를 정확히 이해하지 못했었기에 효과적으로 봉지의 기능 을 개선하는 것이 불가능하였다. 과설의 미려도는 과실의 맛과 함께 그 가치를 결정짓는 중요한 물성으로서 우리나라 황 금배 재배환경과 특성에 알맞은 배봉지의 제작이 선결될 때, 배 품질의 향상, 안정된 공급이 가능하게 될 것이며 아울러 농가의 수업증대와 수출 경쟁력 강화가 이루어질 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 측면에서 황금배 재배농가가 당면한 동녹발생의 문제점을 신속한 해결 을 위한 새로운 기능성 국산 황금배 봉지의 개발이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 위와 같은 문제를 해결하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 과실봉지의 종류간에 동녹발생 정도 가 상이한 점에 예의 주시하여 다양한 봉지의 적용실험을 통해 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 황금배의 동녹 발생 정도는 배봉지의 발수성과 투기 및 투습도에 의해 크게 영향받는다. 상기한 바와 같이 과점의 코르크화로 인해 동녹이 발생된다고 할 때, 봉지 내의 습기 및 웅결수의 양은 황금배의 동녹에 중대한 영향을 미친다. 태양광이 내려찍는 낮 시간동안 황 금배는 증산작용을 하며 습기를 배출하는데 봉지 내의 온도가 높은 낮 시간 동안 수분이 습기로 존재하지만 기온이 급격히 떨어지는 일몰 이후에는 상대습도가 높아짐에 따라 결로 현상으로 인해 응결수가 된다. 이때 응결수와 접촉한 과피는 건조한 상태보다 세균의 침입 이 용이할 뿐만 아니라 기공(과점)의 호홉에 지장이 초래됨에 따라 과점의 할렬이 더욱 조 장되어 코르크화를 유발하고 결과적으로 동녹이 발생한다고 판단된다. 따라서 만일에 봉지 의 투기, 투습도가 양호하여 봉지 내의 과다한 수분이 충분히 배출될 수 있었다면, 수분의 응결을 피하고 동녹을 완화시킬 수 있을 것이라 판단되었다.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.420-427
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• 2017

'Pungwonmi', a new sweetpotato variety, was developed for table use by Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA in 2014. This variety was derived from the cross between 'Benisatsuma' and 'Luby3074' in 2006. The seedling and line selections were performed from 2007 to 2009, and preliminary and advanced yield trials were carried out from 2010 to 2011. The regional yield trials were conducted at five locations from 2012 to 2014, and it was named as 'Pungwonmi'. This variety has cordate leaf shape, and its leaves, stems, nodes, and petioles are green. Storage root of 'Pungwonmi' has an elliptical shape, red skin, and light orange flesh. 'Pungwonmi' was moderately resistant to fusarium wilt, and resistant to root-knot nematode. Dry matter content was 31.2%, and texture of steamed storage root was intermediate. Total sugar content of raw and steamed storage roots of 'Pungwonmi' was higher than that of 'Yulmi'. ${\beta}$-carotene content of 'Pungwonmi' was 9.1 mg/100g DW. Yield of marketable storage root over 50 g of 'Pungwonmi' was 24.3 MT/ha under the early season culture, which was 46% higher than that of 'Yulmi'. The number of marketable storage roots per plant was 2.8 and the average weight of marketable storage root was 156 g under the optimal and late season culture. Marketable storage root yield of 'Pungwonmi' was 24.1 MT/ha under the optimum and late season culture, which was 26% higher than that of 'Yulmi'. (Registration No. 6428).

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.252-256
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• 2010

'Honong' is a new japonica rice variety developed and registered by the rice breeding team of Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2009. This variety was derived from mutagen MNU (N-methyl-N-nitrosourea) treatment on fertilized egg cells of Unbong31. This variety has about 126 days growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in west-southern coast, Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea. It has 79 cm in culm length and is tolerant to lodging. In reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, it show resistance to blast, bacterial blight pathogen races from $K_1$ to $K_3$ and stripe virus, but susceptible to other major diseases and insect pests. The milled rice of 'Honong' exhibits translucent, relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It has higher amylose content (20.3%) and lower protein content (6.3%), and good palatability of cooked rice compared with Nampyeong. The milled rice yield performance of this variety is about 5.44MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. 'Honong' would be adaptable to west-southern coast, Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.313-319
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• 2024

Cultivars or genetic resources with a black seed coat and green cotyledons are rich in lutein, which can promote eye health, and anthocyanin, known for its numerous health benefits. However, mature seeds also contain P34, 7S α' subunit, and lectin proteins, which are allergenic and degrade quality. Here, we report the breeding of a new soybean line with a black seed coat, green cotyledon, and free of P34, 7S α' subunit, and lectin proteins. A total of 157 F₂ seeds with black seed coats and green cotyledons were selected by crossing a female parent with a brown seed coat, green cotyledon, and lacking the 7S α' subunit and lectin proteins with a male parent with a black seed coat, green cotyledon, and lacking the P34 and lectin proteins. The P34 and 7S α' subunit proteins were consistent with a ratio of 9:3:3:1, indicating that they are independent of each other. From 14 F₂ seeds that were recessive (cgy1cgy1p34p34) for both proteins, one individual F₂ plant (F₃ seeds) with the desired traits-black seed coat, green cotyledon, and lacking P34, 7S α' subunit, and lectin proteins- was finally selected. The triple null genotype (absence for P34, 7S α' subunit, and lectin proteins) was confirmed in random F₃ seeds. The selected line has a black seed coat and green cotyledons, and when sown on June 14 in the greenhouse, the maturity date was approximately October 3, the height was about 68 cm, and the 100-seed weight was about 26.5 g.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.222-232
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• 2014

The flora of vascular plants in Sumeunmulbaengdui wetland located in Hallasan National Park was surveyed 9 times from September, 2010 to May, 2014. This survey resulted in 236 taxa in total composed of 202 species, 2 subspecies, 27 varieties and 5 forms of 148 genera under 69 families. They were categorized by their life forms into 8 groups of 37 megaphanerophytes, 26 nanophanerophytes, 2 epiphytes, 3 chamaephytes, 84 hemicryptophytes, 33 geophytes, 21 hydrophytes, 30 therophytes. Among them, 10 taxa of Korean endemic plants and 9 taxa of rare and endangered plants were included. In addition, the floristic regional indicator plants were 43 taxa comprised of 3 taxa of grade V, 7 taxa of grade IV, 12 taxa of grade III, 8 taxa of grade II and 13 taxa of grade I. 2 species of alien plants, Erechtites hieracifolia Raf. and Taraxacum officinale Weber were found. Sustainable interest and protective measures to Sumeunmulbaengdui wetland are required, since this area is comparatively larger in size and higher in plant diversity than other Ramsar wetlands in Jeju-do Province.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.39-44
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• 2006

국제적으로 생물다양성 협약('92. 6) 및 생물다양성 협약총회('02. 4)에서 생물자원의 국가소유 권리 인정 후 생물주권 확보를 위한 국가 간 경쟁이 날로 치열해 지고 있다. 하지만 우리나라의 경우 10만종으로 추정되는 국내 생물종(種) 중 약 3만여종만 기록되어 있으며, 한반도 고유종도 2,322종만 문헌으로 확인되는 등 조사연구가 미흡한 상황에 있다. 또한 확보된 생물자원도 관리가 매우 미흡한 상태에 있다. 따라서 국가 생물자원 주권 확보 및 체계적인 생물자원 보전 관리를 위해 국가차원의 생물자원보전 종합대책을 수립하였다. 환경부는 동 종합대책을 통해 대한민국 영토에 분포 서식하고 있는 생물자원 정밀 탐색 조사를 통해 모든 생물의 표본을 수집 연구하여 자생생물의 총체를 확인하며, 자생생물의 분류분포생태 정보를 종합 정리한 한반도 생물지를 발간할 예정이다. 자생생물의 DB 구축 등 과학적인 생물자원 관리체계를 확립하고, 생물자원의 국외반출 관리를 강화할 예정이며, 생물분류 전문인력 육성, 권역별 생물자원과 설립, 생물자원 보전 연구시설 지원 등 생물자원 관리 인프라 구축을 추진할 예정이다. 또한 최근 급증하는 야생동물 질병(SARS, 조류독감 등)에 대한 조사 연구를 실시하며, 야생동물 구조 치료센터를 시 도별로 설립할 예정이며, 외래종의 관리를 더욱 강화하고, 멸종위기종의 보호복원을 체계적이고 지속적으로 추진할 예정이다. 동 종합대책은 생물자원 조사발굴 분야의 11개 과제, 생물자원보전 관리체계 확립 분야의 11개 과제, 생물자원보전 추진체계 구축 분야의 6개 과제 등 총 3개 분야 28개 세부추진과제로 구성되어 있다. 동 대책은 2013년까지 국비 2,960억원, 지방비 1,800억원 등 총 4,760억을 투자할 계획이다. 곳도 많아 온난화조건에서도 지역별 정밀기후 추정과 이에 근거한 최적품종의 선택, 이앙기 및 수확기 등 생육기간의 조절이 온난화 대응기술로서 유효할 것으로 기대된다.결과를 분석한 데이터를 차기 메일 발송에 꾸준히 적용함으로써 성공적인 이메일 마케팅 결과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.여 수평적인 의견도출과 각자 역할의 확대 및 변화를 시도할 수 있는 제작흐름이 되도록 고안된 제작구조이다.성을 환기시켜 객관적이고 비판적인 의식을 환기시키는 브레히트의 '소격화'의 효과가 소비자의 관심을 환기시켜 특정한 목적을 달성하려는 광고에 효율적으로 적용된 예 인 것이다. 재미, 기타 독특한 체험을 통해 소비자에게 유희라는 쾌락적 경험을 제공하고자 한다.고도로 통계적 유의차(p<0.001)가 있었다. 즐기는 음료로는 ${\ulcorner}$콜라${\lrcorner}$가 가장 많았으며(46.8%), 그 다음은 사이다, 주스 등의 순으로 나타났으나, 남 여 대학생간에는 유의성있는 차이는 없었다. 음식의 먹는 시기는 점심과 저녁사이의 ${\ulcorner}$간식${\lrcorner}$이 가장 많았으며(42.2%), 남 여 대학생간에는 유의한 차이는 없었다. 패스트푸드는 많은 사람들이 ${\ulcorner}$맛${\lrcorner}$이 좋기 때문에 이용하며(62.8%), 남 여 대학생간에는 통계적 유의성(p<0.05)이 인정되었다. 5. ${\ulcorner}$입맛의 서구화(36.4%)와 외식을 선호(29.1%)${\lrcorner}$ 하기 때문에 패스트푸드를 이용하게 된 것으로 응답 하였으며, 남 여 대학생간에