• Korean Educational Research Journal
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.17-38
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• 2019

Deleuze and Guattari revive the educational meaning of training. For them, "a violent training" always penetrates unconsciousness and consciousness. For example, we can float on water only by swimming. There is a complex historical exploration on the subject of training. Socrates distinguishes the training of spirit from that of the body, so he secures the independence of educational language. This heritage continues to us until today. However, Foucault argues that, since the modern era, humans have accepted an active obedience by "disciplinary training". Nowadays, the term "skill discipline" is also reduced to business language, and we should overcome this situation. Deleuze and Guattari suggest a "becoming-other" argument predicated on "pre-conscious singularities" on this point. The training of spirit evolves in relation to a body and other circumstance for them. Therefore, the traditional hierarchy between spirit and body is erased in their argument. Ironically, this argument displays "educational effectiveness" to success Socrates's heritage subverting to the modern thinking of it. In conclusion, we can now rethink the educational value of training based on this effectiveness. Kyudo training is an excellent example of education through body and spirit.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.604-626
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• 2008

In recent years, the formation of identity has drawn much attention in urban development strategy. This has a dual implication for normative rehabilitation of lost traditional identity for ontological security of human being, and for strategic improvement of newly urban images in order to gain superiority in urban competitions. This duality is reflected on the debate between postmodern theorists, such as Lacan, Foucault and Deleuze, criticizing modem identity, and Arendt and Habermas, suggesting alternative formation of identity through public space. This paper considers some implications of identity for urban development policy, while criticizing urban development strategies which justify themselves with enhancing urban identity but which distort or erode it actually. In particular, this paper argues that the perspective of postmodern theorists is suitable for criticizing pseudo-identity in reality, while critical theoriests' suggestion of formation of authentic identity through and in public space can be understood as an ethical alternative to urban development policy.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.57-65
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find the relationship between Michell Foucault's the primary, secondary, and tertiary spatialization of disease and spatial composition for the development of architectural planning of the healthcare architecture. Methods: Literature review of spatialization of disease and comparison between medical and dental disease have been conducted. The synchronic structure and diachronic change of spatialization process have been analyzed through spatial composition and history of Seoul National University, School of Dentistry and Dental Hospital. Results: The result of this study can be summed up in three points. First of all, spatialization of dental disease is similar to that of medicine but it should be more focused on the tertiary spatialization. The second one is that the process of spatialization of dental disease started the secondary spatialization first and the primary spatialization followed after a short interval and spatial composition has been followed the process of spatialization of dental disease in Korea. The third one is that the tertiary spatialization has not been actively gone along until recently and it has to be developed in near future. Implications: It is necessary to analyze spatialization of dental disease in other dental facilities to develop the relationship between spatial composition and program in healthcare system.

• Trans-
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• v.3
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• pp.55-86
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• 2017

This study begins with the necessity of the concept of reincarnation of film media and the inclusion of specific tendencies of contemporary films as post - cinema comes. Variable movements around recent films Challenging and experimental films show aesthetics that are difficult to approach with the analysis of classical mise en scene and montage. In this way, I review the dispositif proposed by Martin in films that are puzzling to criticize with the classical conceptual framework. This is because the concept of dispositive is a conceptual pile that extends more than a mise en scene and a montage. Dispositif films tend to be non-reproducible and non-narrative, but not all non-narrativef tendencies are dispositif films. Only the dispositif film is included in the flow. Dispositif movement has increased dramatically in the modern environment on which digital technology is based, but it is not a tendency to be found in any particular age. The movement has been detected in classical films, and the dispositif tendency has continued to exist in avant-garde films in the 1920s and some modernist films. First, for clear conceptualization of cinematic dispositif, this study examines the sources of dispositif debates that are being introduced into film theory today. In this process, the theory of Jean Louis Baudry, Michel Foucault, Agamben, Flusser, and Deleuze will help. The concept of dispositif was discussed by several scholars, including Baudry and Foucault, and today the notion of dispositif is defined across all these definitions. However, these various discussions are distinctly different from the cinematic dispositif or dispositif films that Martin advocates. Martin's proposed concept reminds us of the fundamentals of cinematic aesthetics that have distinguished between the mise-en-scene and the montage. And it will be able to reconsider those concepts and make it possible to view a thing a new light or create new films. The basic implications of dispositif are apparatus as devices, disposition and arrangement, the combination of heterogeneity. Thus, if you define a dispositif film in a word, it is a new 'constraint' consisting of rearrangement and arrangement of the heterogeneous elements that make up the conditions of the classical film. In order for something to become a new design, changes must be made in the arrangement and arrangement of the elements, forces, and forces that make up it. Naturally, the elements encompass both internal and external factors. These dispositif films have a variety of possibilities, such as reflection on the archival possibilities and the role of supervision, the reestablishment of active and creative audience, the reason for the film medium, and the ideological reflection. films can also 'network' quickly and easily with other media faster than any medium and create a new 'devised' aesthetic style. And the dispositif film that makes use of this will be a key keyword in reading the films that present the new trend of modern film. Because dispositif are so comprehensive and have a broad implication, there are certainly areas that are difficult to sophisticate. However this will have a positive effect on the future activation of dispositif studies end for end. Dispositif is difficult to elaborate the concept clearly, so it can be accessed from a wide range of dimensions and has theoretically infinite extensibility. At the beginning and end of the 21st century film, the concept of cinematic dispositif will become a decisive factor to dismantle old film aesthetics.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2009

The radioprotect effects of fractinated fucoidan, derived from Undaria pinnatifida sporophylls, were examined in lung injured rats treated with partial body irradiation. The right lung of Sprague-Dawley rats, eight separately grouped by including radiation only control group (ROG) and fucoidan+radiation treated group (FRG), were treated with various fraction of Undaria-derived fucoidan every other day by intraperitoneal injection 6 days prior to irradiation and during monitoring at 24 hours, 48 hours, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 12-weeks post-irradiation of 6 Mev/2 Gy. The rats were euthanized at completion of the treatment. Tissue samples from the injured lung, fixed in formaldehyde using lung perfusion prior to extraction, were H/E stained for histological analysis using optical microscopy. Interstitial congestion (IC), hemorrhage in alveolar sac (HM), number of macrophage (MP) and alveolar wall thickness (AWT) as a measure of early indication of fibrosis were measured. AWTs in 24 hrs post-irradiation rats increased in comparison with $2.49{\pm}0.06{\mu}m$ of control group by $3.67{\pm}0.09{\mu}m$, $3.21{\pm}0.08{\mu}m$ (p=0.013), $2.98{\pm}0.08{\mu}m$ (p=0.00) in ROG, F1-fucoidan+radiation, and F3-fucoidan+radiation group, respectively. AWT of the ROG was further increased by $4.30{\pm}0.13{\mu}m$ in the 12 weeks post-irradiation group, but AWT on average was $2.56{\pm}0.05{\mu}m$ in the FRG. MP in the 24 hrs post-irradiation group markedly increased in comparison with $2.6{\pm}0.34/0.14\;mm^2$ of the control group by $8.0{\pm}1.48/0.14\;mm^2$ in the ROG, but it was only $3.6{\pm}0.48/0.14\;mm^2$ in F3-FRG. MP in the 12 weeks post-irradiation group was $7.2{\pm}1.28/0.14\;mm^2$ in ROG, but it was $2.8{\pm}0.37/0.14\;mm^2$ or $2.4{\pm}0.4/0.14\;mm^2$ (p<0.05) in the FRG. In addition, increased IC and HM in ROG were relatively smaller in FRG of the 24 hr and 12 weeks post-irradiation rats. In conclusion, Undaria pinnatifida sporophylls-derived fucoidan fractions exhibited radioprotectant activity on injured rat lung subjected to X-ray irradiation. However, success was variable according to the fractions and also time of injection post injury.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.239-260
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• 2011

It is very interesting phenomenon that despite a broad consensus on the need for social worker to take cultural aspects into professional practice, thus to be a culturally competent, a number of materials criticising the concept of cultural competence have emerged in these days simultaneously. The main purpose of the study is to clarify such phenomenon, which means that this article is trying to analyze the contents of such critical discourse on cultural competence and the validity of those contents. The result of the study finds out that most of the arguments can be categorized into three aspects: epistemological, ethical, ontological, and that most of the main ideas of the critical discourses have been borrowed from a branch of critical social work theories, especially highly influenced from Foucault and Derrida. This article argues that critical discourses have some significant problems which make a conflict with traditional values and tenets in social work as a human service profession. First, epistemologically, the critical discourse fails to differentiate the matter of discovery from that of justification, which brings the cultural competence to the brink of agnosticism. Second, ethically, insisting that there should be no foundational criteria for cultural hierarchy in term of rightness or goodness, the critical discourses reveal their intrinsic limitations in solving ethical dilemmas and conflict in real world, which can be considered as a kind of evasion of responsibility in disguise of cultural relativism. Third, in practical vein, critical discourses are largely in effective in specifying the concrete model to realize their own ideas, and furthermore they unintentionally promote context-blind perspectives that eclipses the significance of structural and systematical impacts on the cultural identity.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.102-109
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• 2009

What Michel Foucault has interpreted about Jeremy Bentham' Panopticon in the point of power relationship of ones's gaze is put in comparison with the characteristics shown in the modern media and mutual meanings are interpreted in the respect of a power relationship of modern gaze. Modern people communicating through media are placed in certain type of power relationship. This study analyzed the difference of it in the respect of the power of gaze in Panopticon and the consumption of information. Panopticon assumes single-network supervision, that is, one-way gaze. However, in modern media, interactive communication is possible based upon the development of information telecommunication technology. Therefore, this study aims to compare and study modern single-network supervision and multi-networks supervision based on information telecommunication technology. The development of various media such as internet, mobile phone and smart card has changed the single-network supervision system structured since modern times into the multi-network supervision system. 'Gaze-power' presented in the relationship to media enables us to discuss the problem of mutual receptiveness, the presence of various powers according to information structure and consumption power. In particular, the form provided by modern media has the complexity of mutual communication in the relationship of multi-networks, rather not assuming only one-way nature of single-network. Therefore, the approach of communication issue provided by modern media in the respect of multi-networks relationship was done by the power relationship of gaze in the respect of information communication. Gaze determines the power of watching. In addition, the visualization format aims at the power.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.405-424
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics of secondary science teachers' thoughts on 'good' science teaching and to find a concept that can represent the way the teachers think. Participants were twenty pre- and in-service teachers who were enrolled in a graduate course I taught at a university located in Seoul in the first semester, 2011. The participating teachers collected and analyzed a variety of data and created portfolios while they were trained, as part of the course, on qualitative research methods with the same research questions as those of this study. In the current study, the process in which the teachers and I found answers to the research questions was narratively reconstructed based on the teachers' portfolios and my field notes. It was revealed that science teaching was perceived as a task aiming at realizing some kind of values and that because the teachers pursued various values in the science classroom and there exist conflicting relationships among different values, it was hard to define 'good' science teaching. It was also discussed that science instruction was inherently accompanied with the ongoing process of selecting values as the relationships among the values were ever-changing within the contexts of the classroom. This multi-faceted and dynamic structure of the teachers' thoughts on 'good' science teaching was conceptualized analogically as 'Foucault's pendulum,' which has multiple planes of oscillation. Implications for science teacher education and science education research were suggested.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.267-302
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• 2013

In recent years, partnership has become a central strategy for welfare provision worldwide. Particularly, civil society organisations have obtained considerable attention as the most accountable and democratic partner for public welfare delivery. Yet the mainstreaming of civil society into welfare policies challenges the conventional nature of civil society as an independent sector, and brings into critical question, how the political position of the civil society sector could be redefined in the new era of multi-sectoral partnership. The purpose of this study is to explore the current debates of state-civil society partnership and to propose three theoretical viewpoints (i.e. the mainstream, critical and alternative perspectives) regarding the role of the civil society sector in partnership. In doing so, this article introduces the key literature and scholars in partnership debates and provides analytical frameworks that researchers can use in examining state-civil society partnership cases.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.105
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• pp.423-460
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• 2008

Les positions qu'essait d'expliquer les $probl{\grave{e}}mes$ divers ${\grave{a}}$ propos de la $sexualit{\acute{e}}$, faisaient ressortir les points biologiques des actions $d^{\prime}{\hat{e}}tre$ humain par ${\acute{e}}volutionnisme$ plutot qu'explique les $probl{\grave{e}}mes$ de la nature humaine, $d{\acute{e}}sirs$ sexuelles, par les $sci{\acute{e}}t{\grave{e}}s$, les cultures et les'institutions. En face des questions des $possibilit{\acute{e}}s$ d'explications biologiques sur toutes les actions sexuelles, ils sont $plac{\acute{e}}s$ en crise. Le fait que $l^{\prime}{\hat{e}}tre$ humain est un'etre historique, n'implique pas ce qu'il est evolutionnaire. Pour cette raison, c'est difficile qu'on accepte le determisme biologique, $l^{\prime}{\acute{e}}volutionnisme$, sans conditions. En opposition avec cettes $id{\acute{e}}es$, Michel Foucault voudrait insister sur le fait de penser au sexe comme les $r{\acute{e}}sultats$ des productions sociologiques, politiques. Selon Foucault, la $sexualit{\acute{e}}$ n'est pas $donn{\acute{e}}$ de la nature que le pouvoir essaierait de mater, ou un domaine obscure que le savoir tendrait de $d{\acute{e}}voiler$, mais une sorte de dispositif historique. Donc, dans cet article, j'essaie d'examiner les processus, les differences, et les $probl{\grave{e}}mes$ entre les deux positions, puis je considere les limites philosophiques, des deux argumentations, et ses implications philosophique. Cela permet d'approcher ${\grave{a}}$ l'horizon divers du discours sexuelles de la $compr{\acute{e}}hension$.