• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.171-176
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• 2016

The quality assurance (QA) is very important for diagnostic field and radiation therapy field to evaluate the characteristic of devices. The purpose of this study was to compare different NPS methodologies results which are measuring NPS with regard to horizontal and vertical directions by using megavoltage X-ray energies. The NPS evaluation methods were applied to the International Electro-technical Commission standard (IEC 62220-1). The electronic portal imaging devices (EPID) devices such as Siemens BEAMVIEW$^{PLUS}$, Elekta iViewGT and Varian Clinac$^R$ iX aS1000 were used. NPS data were expressed by corresponding each frequency about average of noise value corresponding the each frequency, and NPS were evaluated quantitatively by totaling up the noise values of average frequency which are on horizontal and vertical directions. In NPS results for Elekta iViewGT, NPS of horizontal and vertical by using 4 methods were indicated the difference of 3~5% between horizontal and vertical direction. In the results of Siemens BEAMVIEW$^{PLUS}$ and Varian Clinac$^R$ iX aS1000, the NPS of horizontal and vertical direction were indicated the difference of 15% when averaging the whole values. This study were evaluated the NPS of each devices by totaling up the noise values of average frequency which are on horizontal and vertical directions suggesting the quantitative evaluation method using the data.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.84-100
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• 2000

Are the body and th spirit to different things? How individual ability and feeling displays in a human being and what correation between the two lise physiologically? Namely, what determines the external and the internal world? By what physiological functions and circulations, it makes possible to indciate individual's characteristic? These kinds of questions in constitutional medicine is able us lead to the following approach.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.446-459
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• 2020

This study analyzed the phenotypes and chemotypes of 74 tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) germplasms using principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The average seed size of tartary buckwheat germplasm was 5.2 × 3.4 mm, which is smaller than the seed size of common buckwheat. The dark browned colored ovate or elliptic shape was mostly observed in collected germplasm. The average content of rutin was 1,393 mg per 100 g dry weight (DW) in tartary buckwheat seed. Similarly, the flavonoid and polyphenol contents ranged from 253 to 2,669 and 209 to 1,823 mg, respectively, per 100 g DW in the collected germplasm. The three components (PC1, 2, and 3) of principal component analysis revealed 68.55% of the total variance of the collected accessions. Cluster analysis using descriptors showed that 74 accessions were clustered into five groups. The study showed that the most interesting resources for functional breeding programs are: Five resources (HLB1004, HLB1005, HLB1007, HLB1009, and HLB1013) due to the rich rutin, polyphenol, and flavonoid.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.161-178
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• 2017

Whereas the demand for development of forested areas covering more than 60% of Korean territory, permission on the forest development has been still given from the perspective of effective land utilization rather than conservation. As the assessment of large forested areas usually focuses more on forest structure, it has its limitation of observing and analyzing the interior change in forest in this way. This study was aimed at computing landscape metrics using a presence vegetation map and FRAGTSTATS 4.2 and analyzing vegetation mosaics. Colonies in native vegetation were classified into a series of major groups and sub-groups based on the native species within the colonies. The colonies were investigated by analyzing a suite of landscape metrics - Core Area, Percentage of Landscape, Number of Patches, Patch Density, Largest Patch Index, Total Edge, Edge Density, Landscape Shape Index, Mean Patch Area, Euclidean Nearest Neighbor. In the Chungnam province major groups and sub-groups of colonies classified based on the proportion of pine and oak species, and pine species was the principal one in terms of distribution area. As for the competition between pines and oaks, while the coverage of pine-centered colonies were three times larger than those of oak-centered ones, pine colonies showed the greater number of patches and therefore higher fragmentation than oaks at the major group level. For the sub-groups, the largest coverage colonies were not only indicated by Pinus densiflora-Quesrcus mongolica colonies among P. densiflora-centered colonies, Q. accutissima colonies among Q. accutissima-centered ones, Q. accutissima-P. densiflora colonies among Q. accutissima-centered ones, Q. mongolica colonies among Q. mongolica-centered ones, P. thumbergii colonies among P. thumbergii-centered ones, and Q. serrata-Q. acutissima colonies among Q. serrata-centered ones, but also revealed more severely mosaicked than other smaller colonies. The overall mosaicking degree estimated by landscape metrics was considered useful for monitoring and investigating vegetation. However, in order to develop management strategy based on analyzing the reason for the mosaicking process and anticipating a trend in vegetation succession, it is essential to further study about ecological characteristics of each colony in the vegetation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.79 no.1
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• pp.56-70
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• 1990

Eighteen Korean white pine (P. koraiensis S. et Z.) families were tested in 3 different regions from age 5 to 9. Family and site were significant sources of variation for seedling survival and field growth, whereas the effects of family x site interaction ware relatively small as compared with the former sources of variation. Variance components estimated from the separate and combined sites indicated that the most variabilities were associated with individual trees within plot. Family ${\times}$ site interaction components as a percentage of family variance decreased sharply with age. Heritability estimates varied with testing site and tree age. Combined analyses, however, showed a moderate change in heritability with increasing tree ages, and demonstrated high and stable trends of estimates, particularly in family heritabilities of tree height ($h_F{^2}=0.789-0.798$). The gains estimated from combined analysis have expected maximum or near-maximum efficiencies at age 6 or 7. Given equal intensity of selection, mass selection showed the most efficient gains within and across the sites. However, for the differences between mass and combined selections are small, selection made on the combination of family and within-family would be more effective in improving genetic gains. Indirect selection method indicated that 5-and 6-years height were all good predictors of 9-year-old height with little loss of relative efficiency (less than 10%) as compared with direct family selection at age 9. Phenotypic and genetic correlations computed on the basis of family mean values of height and diameter have shown predominantly high, positive, and statistically significant (1% level) relationships between all tested pairs of traits, which indicates that family growth maintained statistically consistent trends with age. The best families are those that maintained a stable superiority overall sites and ages in growth performance, therefore, it can be suggested that early identification of superior families at age 9 is feasible at age 5 or 6 in Pinus koraiensis S. et Z.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.60-74
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• 2017

To facilitate prevention of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), a GIS is widely used for monitoring, investigating epidemics, managing HPAI-infected farms, and eradicating the disease. After the outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in 2010 and 2011, the government of the Republic of Korea (ROK) established the GIS-based Korean Animal Health Integrated System (KAHIS) to avert livestock epidemics, including HPAI. However, the KAHIS is not sufficient for controlling HPAI outbreaks due to lack of responsibility in fieldwork, such as sterilization of HPAI-infected poultry farms and regions, control of infected animal movement, and implementation of an eradication strategy. An outbreak prediction model to support efficient HPAI control in the ROK is proposed here, constructed via analysis of HPAI outbreak patterns in the ROK. The results show that 82% of HPAI outbreaks occurred in Jeolla and Chungcheong Provinces. The density of poultry farms in these regions were $2.2{\pm}1.1/km^2$ and $4.2{\pm}5.6/km^2$, respectively. In addition, reared animal numbers ranged between 6,537 and 24,250 individuals in poultry farms located in HPAI outbreak regions. Following identification of poultry farms in HPAI outbreak regions, an HPAI outbreak prediction model was designed using factors such as the habitat range for migratory birds(HMB), freshwater system characteristics, and local road networks. Using these factors, poultry farms which reared 6,500-25,000 individuals were filtered and compared with number of farms actually affected by HPAI outbreaks in the ROK. The HPAI prediction model shows that 90.0% of the number of poultry farms and 54.8% of the locations of poultry farms overlapped between an actual HPAI outbreak poultry farms reported in 2014 and poultry farms estimated by HPAI outbreak prediction model in the present study. These results clearly show that the HPAI outbreak prediction model is applicable for estimating HPAI outbreak regions in ROK.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.27-36
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• 2018

This study suggests the necessity of behavior analysis as changes to a park environment to reflect user desires can be implemented only by grasping the needs of park users. Online data (blog) were defined as the basic data of the study. After collecting data by 5 - year units, data mining was used to derive the characteristics of the time series behavior while the significance of the online data was verified through social network analysis. The results of the text mining analysis are as follows. First, primary results included 'walking', 'photography', 'riding bicycles'(inline, kickboard, etc.), and 'eating'. Second, in the early days of the collected data, active physical activity such as exercise was the main factor, but recent passive behavior such as eating, using a mobile phone, games, food and drinking coffee also appeared as a new behavior characteristic in parks. Third, the factors affecting the behavior of park users are the changes of various conditions of society such as internet development and a culture of expressing unique personalities and styles. Fourth, the special behaviors appearing at Olympic Park were derived from educational activities such as cultural activities including watching performances and history lessons. In conclusion, it has been shown that people's lifestyle changes and the behavior of a park are influenced by the changes of the various times rather than the original purpose that was intended during park planning and design. Therefore, it is necessary to create an environment tailored to users by considering the main behaviors and influencing factors of Olympic Park. Text mining used as an analytical method has the merit that past data can be collected. Therefore, it is possible to form analysis from a long-term viewpoint of behavior analysis as well as to measure new behavior and value with derived keywords. In addition, the validity of online data was verified through social network analysis to increase the legitimacy of research results. Research on more comprehensive behavior analysis should be carried out by diversifying the types of data collected later, and various methods for verifying the accuracy and reliability of large-volume data will be needed.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.808-834
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• 2007

This study attempts to elucidate manifold dimensions of gendered accessibility experiences. How gender roles(household responsibilities) differentiate accessibility experiences between women and men is explored through the comparison of married dual-earner couples' parental status, using the US Portland activity-travel diary dataset with GIS-based geocomputation results of(time-geography based) space-time accessibility. First, this study shows how gender division of labor within the household still permeates current society, despite the widespread belief of the social change toward a gender-egalitarian society. Then, the study pays special attention to the way gender roles structure individual accessibility experiences of women and men differently, and, in turn, the way such accessibility experiences take a form of gendered spatiality. Gendered spatiality is examined through the analysis of accessibility space as well as activity space in order to ascertain women's home-attached and spatially entrapped characteristics. More household responsibilities throughout a day and, even more, the time constraint of picking up children at the daycare centers after work lead women's possible activity space to be more home-centered. The analysis of the spatio-temporal context of accessibility space makes gendered spatiality visible. However, the findings suggest that behavioral outcomes should be understood with an explicit awareness of constraints individuals face. It is because the revealed activity spaces can be not only an outcome of constraint but also an outcome of choice. Behavioral outcomes should not be treated as a straightforward expression of the level of constraints. It is problematic to expect that behavioral outcomes directly mirror the level of constraints. It is also problematic to suppose that the level of constraints can be straightforwardly elicited from revealed behavioral outcomes.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.54
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• pp.5-33
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• 2003

This study is about the re-validation evaluation of the family Relationship Scale (FRS), developed to measure the family relationship in the social work practice. This study aims at re-validating the FRS, developed and validated in by Yang in 2001 for more general utilization. The sample was married mates and females residing in Seoul. For Face Validity, the content analysis was performed, and the FRS was re-validated in the dimensions of Love & Caring, Acceptance, and Recognition, positive affection, empathy, and autonomy and flexibility for each area. Internal reliability was .93, and internal consistency among three dimensions was 93%. For Empirical Validity, the Construct validity, the Criterion validity, and the Discriminant validity were performed. Construct Validity was validated through factor analyses. Commonalities for the factor analysis was 54%, and the factor loading for each factor was over .45. The confirmative factor analysis also confirmed the fitness of the scale. For Predictive Validity of Criterion Validity, regression analysis showed that the family stress scores became lower as the scores of the family relationship became higher; the discriminant analysis revealed that the family stress turned low ill tile group of high scores of family relationship. The Correlation analysis for Concurrent Validity was performed and the results showed the positive and significant relationship with a couple communication level (r=54) and a parent-child communication level (r=64). Life satisfaction and mental health level also revealed significantly positive correlation to prove Convergent Validity. Physical health level revealed a weak relationship with family relationship providing the evidence of Discriminant Validity. Discriminance was also proved by the analysis of variance with demographics. Thus, Cross Validation was confirmed the validation of the FRS through the various analyses with the married population. This study result improved the validity generalization of the Scale and verify the generalized usage of this sociometric scale in the field of social work practice.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.676-689
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• 2013

This study is to understand the current situation of Wonju Stream, which flows through Wonju, Kangwon-do, and Seom River, the national river located outside of Wonju, by investigating all river areas using biotope type. Also, this research looked into the relationship between biotope and appearance of wild birds by investigating the location of their appearance. Biotope groups are 'scale', 'shape', and 'landscape'. And, biotope types are 'moisture', 'physical environment', and 'existence of vegetation'. Biotope subtypes are 'river area', 'physical environment', 'vegetation type', and 'usage of land'. Seom River is classified as 21 different sections, and Wonju Stream is classified as 19 different sections. Wild birds are investigated on breeding season, which was January and May of 2008. By marking each bird's location of appearance, it figured out properties of biotope according to the location of bird's appearance. 31 species, 795 birds in spring were founded, and 49 species, 4,348 birds are founded in winter at Seom River area. Also, 34 species, 427 birds in spring, and 33 species, 3,442 birds are founded in winter at Wonju Stream area. In winter, 26 species, 547 birds, and in spring, 12 species, 72 birds at natural river with estuaries in confluence of Seom River area are founded. Also, 34 species, 1412 birds in winter, and 24 species, 341 birds in spring are founded at natural river with estuaries and wetland plants. This means that because agricultural rivers have wide river width, slow flow speed, and many different types of biotope, these rivers can be good habitats for wild birds. The precise investigations and classifications of biotope, which especially are hard for linear rivers, were done to understand the whole and current situation of rivers. Furthermore, the data that shows the locations of wild birds can basically be used for a recovery of biological habitats, a constructing of ecological streams, a river-maintenance, and an enhancement of biodiversity of Wonju. Also, because the types of biotope are altered by rain, a continuous monitoring for maintaining ecosystem of rivers are highly needed.