• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.82-84
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• 2022

In recent years, research has been actively conducted to solve overhead problems caused by the increase in the number of IoT devices. MQTT, one of the IoT lightweight protocols for resolving performance degradation in IoT environments, is standardized to enable efficient operation in many-to-many communication environments, but there is a security vulnerability as it does not provide encryption by default. Although TLS communication technology can be applied to solve these problems, it is difficult to meet IoT's lightweight power-saving requirements. This paper introduces the latest MQTT communication encryption trends and analyzes IoT applicability by comparing TLS encryption and payload encryption methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.69-90
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• 2022

As basic data that can systematically support and evaluate R&D activities as well as set current and future research directions by grasping specific trends in domestic academic research, I sought efficient ways to assign standardized subject categories (control keywords) to individual journal papers. To this end, I conducted various experiments on major factors affecting the performance of automatic classification, focusing on feature selection techniques, for the purpose of automatically allocating the classification categories on the National Research Foundation of Korea's Academic Research Classification Scheme to domestic journal papers. As a result, the automatic classification of domestic journal papers, which are imbalanced datasets of the real environment, showed that a fairly good level of performance can be expected using more simple classifiers, feature selection techniques, and relatively small training sets.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.243-262
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• 2023

This study provides a systematic review of smart trade contracts, examining the research trends and theoretical background of utilizing smart contracts and blockchain technology for the digitalization and automation of trade contracts. Smart trade contracts are a concept that applies the automated contract system based on blockchain to trade-related transactions. The study analyzes the technical and legal challenges and proposes solutions. The technical aspect covers the development of smart contract platforms, scalability and performance improvements of blockchain networks, and security and privacy concerns. The legal aspect addresses the legal enforceability of smart contracts, automatic execution of contract conditions, and the responsibilities and obligations of contract parties. Smart trade contracts have been found to have applications in various industries such as international trade, supply chain management, finance, insurance, and energy, contributing to the ease of trade finance, efficiency of supply chains, and business model innovation. However, challenges remain in terms of legal regulations, interaction with existing legal frameworks, and technological aspects. Further research is needed, including empirical studies, business model innovation, resolution of legal issues, security and privacy considerations, standardization and collaboration, and user experience studies to address these challenges and explore additional aspects of smart trade contracts.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.178-191
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• 2020

Purpose: This paper proposes a performance evaluation method for state-of-the-art facility inspection/diagnostic equipment through a trend survey of equipment and standardization systems of US, Japan, and Korea. This paper also suggests the priority of developing a performance evaluation method through expert interviews and surveys. Method: In this study, report for the last 5 years of FMS, state-of-the-art equipment of facility maintenance companies/safety diagnosis specialist agencies and papers/research reports/patents of NTIS were analyzed to identify recent trends of facility inspection/diagnostic equipment usages. standardization system of US, Japan, and Korea were analyzed to figure out a suitable form of a performance evaluation method for the domestic situation. And expert interview and survey were conducted to identify the priority of developing a performance evaluation method. Result: The performance evaluation method must be developed by the shape that only evaluates performance, regardless of types of equipment, on inspection item level for creative technology development. The priority of developing the performance evaluation method was identified as crack detection of concrete for durability evaluation and displacement/deformation/fatigue detection of concrete and steel for stability evaluation. Conclusion: The performance evaluation method will be developed firstly for the crack detection of concrete for durability evaluation and displacement/deformation/fatigue detection of concrete/steel for stability evaluation. In order to promote creative technology development, the performance evaluation method should be developed in a form that provides standardized specimens or testbeds and can be applied regardless of types of technologies.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

Skin sanitizers are effective in killing or removing pathogenic microbial contaminants from the skin of food handlers, and the progressive growth of consumer interest in personal hygiene tends to drive product diversification. This review covers the advances in the application of efficacy tests for hand sanitizers to suggest future perspectives to establish an assessment system that is optimized to each product type (gel, liquid, and wipes). Previous research on the in vivo simulative test of actual consumer use has adopted diverse experimental conditions regardless of the product type. This highlights the importance of establishing optimal test protocols specialized for the compositional characteristics of sanitizers through the comparative analysis of test methods. Although the operational conditions of the mechanical actions associated with wiping can affect the efficacy of the removal and/or the inactivation of target microorganisms from the skin's surface, currently there is a lack of standardized use patterns for the exposure of hand sanitizing wipes to skin. Thus, major determinants affecting the results from each step of the overall assessment procedures [pre-treatment - exposure of sanitizers - microbial recovery] should be identified to modify current protocols and develop novel test methods. The ex vivo test, designed to overcome the limited reproducibility of in vivo human trials, is also expected to replicate the environment for the contact of sanitizers targeting skin microorganisms. Recent progress in the area of skin microbiome research revealed distinct microbial characteristics and distribution patterns after the application of sanitizers on hands to establish the test methods with the perspectives on the antimicrobial effects at the community level. The future perspectives presented in this study on the improvement of efficacy test methods for hand sanitizers can also contribute to public health and food safety through the commercialization of effective sanitizer products.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.424-426
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• 1998

공간정보의 효율적 공유를 위해 인터넷 기반 GIS소프트웨어 개발 및 응용과 관련된 연구가 활발히 진행 중에 있다. 여러 인터넷 GIS의 기본적인 요구사항 및 현재까지 개발모델과 문제점을 살펴보고, 표준 인터넷 기술을 기반으로 최근 웹 기술 표준 동향을 포함한, OpenGIS상호 운용성이 지원되는 인터넷 GIS기본 구조를 제시하고자 한다. 표준화될 인터넷 GIS 속도 향상과 TCP/IP상의 보안문제가 해결되어야 하고, OpenGIS에서 구성하고 있는 공간 데이터 공유를 위한 표준 사양을 준수할 뿐 아니라 클라이언트/서버의 부하가 최적화된 구조여야한다. 특히 웹 중심의 각종 인터넷 기술들, 즉 HTTP NG. XML, SSL등의 표준 기술이 함께 적용되어야 한다. 새로운 인프라구조는 GIS D/B에 포함된 확장된 (Enhanced) HTTP/MAP 서버와 클라이언트로 구성된다. MAP클라이언트는 MIME-TYPE 에 따라 GIS데이터를 표시할 수 있는 윈도우 환경으로 변환되며 GIS 데이터셋은 XML을 기반으로 하는 MapML(Mapping Makup Language)를 통해 형식을 정한다. 클라이언트가 MapML 토큐먼트를 통해 정의된 구획의 레이어와 벡터 데이터를 요청하고, Map서버는GIS D/B에서 WKB 혹은 소위 VML 형태로 추출하여 클라이언트로 보내주게 된다. 주어진 구획은 MapML로 정의된 속성들을 통해 각종 부가 정보를 열람할 수 있다. MAP은 HTTP와 같은 형태로 동작하므로 전자인증, 암호화를 통한 GIS정보 보안, 클라이언트와 서버 부하의 효율적인 분배 XML을 통한 다양한 GIS속성표현이 가능하다. 본 구조는 Apache +Amiya + Crass D/B+ MapML 환경에서 구현되고 있다.팔일 전송 기법을 각각 제시하고 실험을 통해 이들의 특성을 비교분석하였다.미에서 uronic acid 함량이 두 배 이상으로 나타났다. 흑미의 uronic acid 함량이 가장 많이 용출된 분획은 sodium hydroxide 부분으로서 hemicellulose구조가 polyuronic acid의 형태인 것으로 사료된다. 추출획분의 구성단당은 여러 곡물연구의 보고와 유사하게 glucose, arabinose, xylose 함량이 대체로 높게 나타났다. 점미가 수가용성분에서 goucose대비 용출함량이 고르게 나타나는 경향을 보였고 흑미는 알칼리가용분에서 glucose가 상당량(0.68%) 포함되고 있음을 보여주었고 arabinose(0.68%), xylose(0.05%)도 다른 종류에 비해서 다량 함유한 것으로 나타났다. 흑미는 총식이섬유 함량이 높고 pectic substances, hemicellulose, uronic acid 함량이 높아서 콜레스테롤 저하 등의 효과가 기대되며 고섬유식품으로서 조리 특성 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.리하였다. 얻어진 소견(所見)은 다음과 같았다. 1. 모년령(母年齡), 임신회수(姙娠回數), 임신기간(姙娠其間), 출산시체중등(出産時體重等)의 제요인(諸要因)은 주산기사망(周産基死亡)에 대(對)하여 통계적(統計的)으로 유의(有意)한 영향을 미치고 있어 $25{\sim}29$세(歲)의 연령군에서, 2번째 임신과 2번째의 출산에서 그리고 만삭의 임신 기간에, 출산시체중(出産時體重) $3.50{\sim}3.99kg$사이의 아이에서 그 주산기사망률(周産基死亡率)이 각각 가장 낮았다. 2. 사산(死産)과 초생아사망(初生兒死亡)을 구분(區分)하여 고려해 볼때 사산(死産)은 모성(母

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.41-60
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• 2003

It is noted that the paper mapping system for University Building Facility has many limitations in terms of data maintenance, real-time GIS data acquisition, and economic efficiency. The aim of this research was to evaluate an operational potential of an on site real-time mobile GIS technique to resolve the problem faced in the university. The idea is based upon the recent trends in the field of 'Telecommunication and Information Technology' that uses a PDA (personal Digital Assistants), wireless network computing, mobile computing, etc. A real time mobile GIS approach has been adopted, in which a PDA is linked to a wireless internet and field workers record data on the computer at the site and analyse data on site. While there should be a considerable number and variety of factors associated with real-time mobile GIS quality, this research focuses on three criteria that are identified as fundamental to customer requirements; (1) data quarry (2) spatial analysis (3) real-time GIS database building. 'Art--empirical study for a case study facility has been conducted to confirm the validity for the system. The system has been checked experimentally, enabled the field users to quarry the data required simply and execute spatial analysis (buffer, overlay etc.,) accommodating versatile alternatives on the site. Detailed visual maps can be generated over large areas quickly and easily. The PDA interface, in particular, were ideally suited for field users to interactively displaying positional information with attribute data. This system has shown to be quite convenient to maintaining a highly reliable database since it could playa crucial role in documenting at real-time basis temporal and spatial changes occurred in the facilities. It is anticipated that this research output will greatly serve to introduce the reliable and cost-effective facility mapping system in the university by overcoming serious constraints suffered from the past non-real time mobile GIS approach.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.119-130
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• 2015

In recent years, the attention on the applications of the national or international standards to water-related information technology in practice has more increased. In particular, as the demand on spatial information technology including content development, receiving, disposal and distribution has increased, the importance of standardization has been also emphasized. However, compared with attention and demand on standardization in spatial information technology, studies on development and application of standardization are still at the initial stage. Accordingly, this study attempted to investigate the trends of international standards developed and established by International Organization for Standardization(ISO) and Open Geospatial Consortium(OGC), and to derive the adaptable integrated management standard technology for water hazard information platform. For this, we investigated big data, NoSQL, and cloud technology for the observed data provision. Furthermore, OGC WxS standard technologies for spatial information web service and ISO standards for spatial information format were investigated. Based on these investigations, we examined the strategies and plans to apply and establish the standardization for information provision.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.263-281
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• 2016

The Importance of SEP (Standard Essential Patents) Procurement Operation is on the side of Governmental and Public both to accelerate the national trade negotiation competitiveness. To operate cooperative system of SEP creation and management, Government should monitor the effect and performance periodically to public sectors. and To achieve the support objectives, it should establish the virtuous circle infrastructure between R&D and economic performance on SEP. This can make the SEP enhancement to pursue the international competitiveness on Intellectual Property Rights. Especially the specific support approach to each phase of the SEP declaration matrix is essential to consolidate the possibility of SEP creation and acquisition. In this study, the concepts of SEP to accelerate the national trade negotiation competitiveness and the prior research were verified through the investigation of market trend and current state of affair analysis. Through the analysis of international and domestic situation of SEP procurement and management, We have found the results as follows. First of all, the leading conglomerates and the Government should focus on the secondary and tertiary industries to create and acquire SEPs to accomplish the effectiveness of selection and concentration. In second, the SMEs and Univ. Labs should focus on the quaternary sector of the economy to retain the competitiveness of speed and challenge on SEP related. From this study, the appropriateness of the tailored-support management model should be institutionalized, and the results implied an research in order to examine the suitability among the current SEP to enhance the competitiveness of national trade research issues.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.93-103
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• 2014

Regarding to the cadastral information and building information as a spatial information, studies on linking between cadastral records and building information, or integration methodology on 2D based building map and land information were proposed. Cadastral information has grown its values by cadastral resurvey project and cadastral confirmation survey. There is a tendency of BIM in the design stage which is not just simple 3D dataset and BIM is spreading in public and private sectors. However, studies on the linkage between building information and cadastral information is relatively weak comparing to the BIM spreading. One of the main features that have been improved in IFC4 is the interoperability with GIS. In this regards, the researcher propose several revision methods to link cadastral information to building information. Cadastral information needs to improve the quality of the dataset's such as unifying the different coordinate systems and preparing continuous cadastral map. For buildings, standardization of BIM in the public and private sectors is urgent task. IFC4 and upcoming IFC5 are international standards which need to be considered and BIM reverse engineering for the existing buildings is necessary for the public utilization in the near future.